Kuyimitsidwa kwanuko kutha kukhala kopambana, koma choyamba United States iyenera kudzipulumutsa pakulimbana ndi zigwirizano zachigawo
Wolemba Gareth Porter, Diso Laku Middle East
Zotsutsana ku US pakati pa mfundo za kayendetsedwe ka Obama ku Syria ndi zenizeni pansi zakhala zovutirapo kwambiri kotero kuti akuluakulu aku US adayamba Novembala wotsatira akukambirana za pempho loti athandizire kuletsa kwawo komwe kukuchitika pakati pa magulu otsutsa ndi boma la Assad m'malo ambiri ku Syria.
Pempho linapezekanso awiri nkhani m'magazini yachilendo ndi mu a ndime Wolemba wa Washington Post a David Ignatius. Awo adawonetsa kuti linali kulingaliridwa mwakuya ndi oyang'anira. M'malo mwake, lingaliroli lingakhale kuti lidagwira nawo mbali zinayi Misonkhano ya White House mkati mwa sabata la 6-13 Novembala, kukambirana za Syria ndondomeko, imodzi mwa yomwe Obama mwiniyo adayang'anira.
Ignatius, yemwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa malingaliro a akuluakulu abungwe lachitetezo cha dziko, adanenanso kuti oyang'anira alibe chilichonse chabwinopo kuposa zomwe apempha. Ndipo Robert Ford, yemwe adakhala kazembe waku US ku Syria mpaka Meyi watha ndipo ndi mkulu pa bungwe la Middle East Institute, adauza a David Kenner a Zachuma kuti akukhulupirira kuti Nyumba Yoyera "ikadayamba" -nthawi yomweyo "pakalibe dongosolo lina lililonse lomwe akhala akupanga".
Malangizowa akuwonekeranso kufanana ndi zoyesayesa za nthumwi ya United Nations yatsopano, Steffan de Mistura, yemwe wapempha kuti pakhale zomwe amadzitcha "Lowetsani zigawo" - kutanthauza kuti kuimitsa moto komweko komwe kumalola kuti thandizo lothandizira anthu lifike kwa anthu wamba.
Zomwe akuganiza kuti zilingaliridwa kwambiri ndizodziwika bwino, chifukwa sizilonjeza kuti zidzakwaniritsa zolinga za ndalamazo. M'malo mwake, imapereka njira kuchokera mu malingaliro omwe sangathe kupereka pazotsatira zomwe adalonjeza.
Koma tanthauzo lakusintha kwazomwekukukhala kuvomereza kungakhale kuvomereza koonekeratu kuti United States siyingakwaniritse cholinga chake chogwirizanitsa boma la Assad ku Syria. Akuluakulu a Obama angakane izi, mwina poyamba, pazandale komanso chifukwa chachilendo, koma ndalamazo zingaganizire zakufunika kopulumutsa miyoyo yathu ndikupititsa patsogolo mtendere, m'malo motengera zolinga zandale kapena zankhondo.
Ndondomeko zaku US Syria zidachoka pa pulani ya Obama yochotsa mimbayo poyambitsa nkhondo yankhondo yolimbana ndi boma la Assad mu Seputembara 2013 mpaka lingaliro loti US idzathandiza kuphunzitsa zikwizikwi omenyera nkhondo a "Syria" kuti athe kulimbana ndi chiopsezo kuchokera ku Islamic State (IS) mu Seputembara 2014 .Koma "ofatsa" alibe chidwi cholimbana ndi IS. Mulimonsemo, adasiya kukhala mdani wamkulu wa IS ndi magulu ena a jihadi ku Syria.
Sizinali zangozi kuti njira zina zomwe zidachitika mu Novembala, monga momwe a Free Syria Syria (FSA) zidakhalira kuthamangitsidwa kwathunthu kuyambira pansi pake kumpoto ndi magulu ankhondo a IS. Wolemba nkhani Ignatius, yemwe kulemba kwawo nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa akuluakulu abungwe lachitetezo, sanangotchulapo njira yomweyo monga momwe nkhaniyi inaperekedwera ku Washington, koma adatenga mawu atatu mtsogoleri wankhanzayu wa FSA yemwe anali wopanda chiyembekezo atumizidwa ku US asitikali, kupempha thandizo la ndege.
Wolemba pepalali yemwe akuwoneka kuti wachita chidwi ku Washington, Nir Rosen, ndi mtolankhani yemwe kufotokozera kwake zenizeni za anthu pansi pamikangano ku Iraq, Afghanistan ndi Lebanon, silingafanane. Zomwe amakumana ndi anthu komanso mabungwe omwe adamenya nkhondo m'mikanganoyi, zomwe zidafotokozedwa m'buku lake la 2010, Zotsatira, kuwulula zamalingaliro pazolinga ndi kuwerengera komwe sikungapezeke kwina kulikonse m'mabuku.
Rosen tsopano amagwirira ntchito Center for Humanitarian Dialogue ku Geneva, yomwe idagwira mwakhama kuyimitsa nkhondo ku Homs, idalingalira zopambana zazikulu kwambiri mpaka pano. Rosen adapatsa a Robert Malley, mkulu wa National Security Council woyang'anira Syria, lipoti la masamba 55, lokhala ndi malo amodzi, ndikupanga mlanduwu palamulo lothandizira kukambirana pamilandu yoimitsa anthu akumaloko, yomwe ikufunikiranso "kuzimitsa nkhondo momwe ziliri ". Ripotilo latengera malo amapasa omwe palibe mbali yomwe ingagonjetse nkhondoyi, ndikuti kusakhazikika kumeneku kumalimbitsa Islamic State ndi omwe akugwirizana nawo ku jihadi ku Syria, malinga ndi Nkhani ya James Traub mu Ndalama Zakunja.
Kulowerera zochitika zakomweko munthawi ya nkhondo yaku Syria ndizovuta kwambiri, ngatikukayezetsa ya ma 35 osiyanasiyana am'deralo ochita kafukufuku ku London School of Economics ndi bungwe la Syria la Madani akuwonetsa. Zochita zambiri zidalimbikitsidwa ndi njira yaboma yaku Syria yozungulira misasa yotsutsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gulu lankhondo likuyembekeza kukhazikitsa mawu omwe angodzipereka. Nthawi zina magulu ankhondo omwe amathandizira boma amakhumudwitsa mgwirizano womwe ungachitike, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magulu ampatuko komanso chifukwa amapeza zabwino zachuma pazomwe anali kuyika. (Nthawi zina, magulu ankhondo omwe anali pro-boma a NDF adapereka thandizo lawo kumayiko ena.)
Olamulira a Syria adazindikira kuti zofuna zawo zikuyenda bwino ku Homs, koma ofufuzawo adawona kuti oyang'anira asirikali akutali kwambiri adachokera komwe kumenyera nkhondo, momwemonso iwo amamvera malingaliro akuti kupambana kwa asirikali ndikotheka. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha kukakamiza moto, sichodabwitsa, chinali cha nzika, zomwe zidakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba omenyera ufulu wotsutsa kumalimbikitsa kwambiri kudzipereka kuti aphedwe.
Kafukufuku wa LSE-Madani komanso pepala la Integrity Research akuti kuthandizira kwina konse monga momwe oyimira pakati komanso othandizira obwereza angathandizire kukhazikitsa njira zomveka bwino komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwalamulo pothana ndi mfuti, njira yotetezedwa komanso njira zoyambira zothandizira anthu. Homs ndi chitsanzo cha mgwirizano pomwe UN imathandizapo pakukopa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtunduwo, malinga ndi Umodzi.
Njira zing'onozing'ono zopita ku mtendere ndi kuyanjanitsa zomwe zigawo zam'deralo zimayimira zimakhala zosavuta pokhapokha zitatsogolera ku dongosolo lokwanira. Ngakhale zovuta kuchokera ku IS ndizithunzi pamtundu wonsewo, ndi njira yomwe ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri kuposa kupititsa kwina kunkhondo. Ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti, kafukufuku wa LSE-Madani akuwulula kuti ngakhale IS idatsimikiza kuyimitsa mgwirizano ndi bungwe la aboma ku Aleppo.
Koma ngakhale bungwe la Obama lingazindikire Ubwino wa lingaliro la njira yothetsera nkhondo yaku Syria, sizingaganizike kuti zidzachitadi ndalamazi. Cholinga chake ndikuvuta kwamayanjano ake ndi omwe amagwirizana nawo ku Washington. Israel, Turkey, Saudi Arabia ndi Qatar onse angakane mfundo zomwe zingalole boma lomwe amaliona ngati wogwirizanitsa la Iran kuti lipitilize ku Syria. Pokhapokha ngati United States itatha kupeza njira yoti imasulire mfundo zake ku Middle East mothandizana ndi zigawo zake, mfundo zake ku Syria zidzasokonekera, ndizotsutsana komanso zopanda pake.
- Gareth Porter ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha komanso wolemba mbiri yokhudza zachitetezo cha dziko la US. Buku lake laposachedwa, "Crisis Made: The Untold Story of the Iran Nuclear Scare," lidasindikizidwa mu February 2014.
Malingaliro omwe ali m'nkhaniyi ndi a wolemba ndipo sakuwonetsa ndondomeko ya olemba a Middle East Eye.
