Kalata Ikufunsa Purezidenti Biden kuti Asayine Pangano Loletsa Zida za Nyukiliya

By Kuletsa Nuclear US, January 16, 2023

Wokondedwa Purezidenti Biden,

Ife, omwe adasaina, tikukupemphani kuti musayine, m'malo mwa United States, Pangano la Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), lomwe limatchedwanso "Nuclear Ban Treaty."

Bambo Purezidenti, Januware 22, 2023 ndi tsiku lachiwiri lokumbukira kukhazikitsidwa kwa TPNW. Nazi zifukwa zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe muyenera kusaina panganoli tsopano:

1. Muyenera kusaina TPNW tsopano chifukwa ndichinthu choyenera kuchita. Malingana ngati zida za nyukiliya zilipo, chiopsezo chikuwonjezeka tsiku lililonse lomwe zida izi zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malinga ndi Bulletin ya Atomic Asayansi, dziko likuyandikira kwambiri “tsiku lachiwonongeko” kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse ngakhale m’masiku ovuta kwambiri a Nkhondo Yozizira. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ngakhale chida chimodzi cha nyukiliya kungapangitse ngozi yothandiza anthu yochuluka zedi. Nkhondo ya nyukiliya yoopsa kwambiri ingasonyeze kutha kwa chitukuko cha anthu monga tikudziwira. Palibe chilichonse, a Purezidenti, chomwe chingalungamitse chiwopsezo chimenecho.

Bambo Purezidenti, chiwopsezo chenicheni chomwe tikukumana nacho sichili chochuluka kuti Purezidenti Putin kapena mtsogoleri wina adzagwiritsa ntchito mwadala zida za nyukiliya, ngakhale kuti n'zotheka. Chiwopsezo chenicheni cha zida izi ndikuti zolakwika za anthu, kuwonongeka kwa makompyuta, kuwukira kwa intaneti, kuwerengera molakwika, kusamvetsetsana, kusalumikizana bwino, kapena ngozi wamba zitha kuyambitsa moto wa nyukiliya mosalephera popanda wina kuyembekezera.

Kuchulukana komwe kulipo pakati pa US ndi Russia kumapangitsa kuti zida za nyukiliya zizichitika mosayembekezereka, ndipo zoopsa zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuti zisamanyalanyazidwe kapena kuchepetsedwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muchitepo kanthu kuti muchepetse zoopsazi. Ndipo njira yokhayo yochepetsera chiwopsezocho kukhala ziro ndikuchotsa zida zokha. Izi ndi zomwe TPNW imayimira. Ndicho chimene dziko lonse lapansi likufuna. Izi n’zimene anthu amafuna.

2. Muyenera kusaina TPNW tsopano chifukwa ipangitsa kuti America ikhale yabwino padziko lapansi, makamaka ndi ogwirizana athu apamtima.

Kuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine ndi kuyankha kwa US kwa izo mwina kwasintha kwambiri kaimidwe ka America, makamaka ku Western Europe. Koma kutumizidwa kwa mbadwo watsopano wa zida zanyukiliya za US "tactical" ku Ulaya kungasinthe zonsezi. Nthawi yomaliza kuyesedwa kotereku, m'zaka za m'ma 1980, zidayambitsa chidani chachikulu ku US ndipo zidatsala pang'ono kugwetsa maboma angapo a NATO.

Panganoli lili ndi chithandizo chambiri padziko lonse lapansi makamaka ku Western Europe. Pamene maiko ochulukira asayina kwa izo, mphamvu zake ndi kufunikira kwake kudzangokulirakulira. Ndipo dziko la United States likatalikirapo kutsutsana ndi panganoli, m’pamenenso kaimidwe kathu kadzakhala koipitsitsa pamaso pa dziko, kuphatikizapo ogwirizana athu apamtima.

Kuyambira lero, mayiko 68 adavomereza mgwirizanowu, ndikuletsa chilichonse chokhudzana ndi zida za nyukiliya m'maiko amenewo. Mayiko ena 27 ali mkati movomereza mgwirizanowu ndipo ena ambiri ali pamizere kuti avomereze.

Germany, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium (ndi Australia) anali m'gulu la mayiko omwe adapezekapo monga owonera msonkhano woyamba wa TPNW chaka chatha ku Vienna. Iwo, pamodzi ndi mabungwe ena apamtima a United States, kuphatikizapo Italy, Spain, Iceland, Denmark, Japan ndi Canada, ali ndi anthu ovota omwe amathandizira mayiko awo kusaina panganoli, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa. Palinso mazana a malamulo m'mayiko omwe asayina mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wothetsa zida za nyukiliya (ICAN) pothandizira TPNW, kuphatikizapo nduna zazikulu za Iceland ndi Australia.

Si funso la "ngati," koma "liti," awa ndi mayiko ena ambiri adzalowa nawo TPNW ndikuletsa chilichonse chokhudza zida za nyukiliya. Pamene akutero, asitikali ankhondo aku US ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi omwe akuchita nawo ntchito yopanga ndi kupanga zida za nyukiliya adzakumana ndi mavuto ochulukirapo popitiliza bizinesi monga mwanthawi zonse. Ndizolangidwa kale ndi chindapusa chopanda malire komanso mpaka kundende kwa moyo wonse ngati atapezeka kuti ali ndi mlandu wochita nawo chitukuko, kupanga, kukonza, kuyendetsa kapena kusamalira (aliyense) zida zanyukiliya ku Ireland.

Monga zikunenera momveka bwino mu Buku la US Law of War Manual, asitikali ankhondo aku US ali omangidwa ndi mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi ngakhale US siinasainire, pomwe mapanganowa akuyimira "maganizo a anthu amakono” ponena za mmene nkhondo ziyenera kuchitikira. Ndipo amalonda omwe akuimira ndalama zoposa $ 4.6 triliyoni muzinthu zapadziko lonse achoka ku makampani a zida za nyukiliya chifukwa cha miyambo yapadziko lonse yomwe ikusintha chifukwa cha TPNW.

3. Muyenera kusaina panganoli tsopano chifukwa kuchita izi ndi mawu oti tikwaniritse cholinga chomwe dziko la United States ladzipereka kale kuti likwaniritse.

Monga mukudziwira bwino lomwe, kusaina pangano sikufanana ndi kulivomereza, ndipo pokhapokha likavomerezedwa m'pamenenso mfundo za mgwirizanowo zimayamba kugwira ntchito. Kusaina ndi sitepe yoyamba chabe. Ndipo kusaina TPNW sikupereka dziko lino ku cholinga chomwe sichinaperekedwe poyera komanso mwalamulo; ndiko kuti, kuthetsedwa kotheratu kwa zida zanyukiliya.

United States yadzipereka kuthetseratu zida za nyukiliya kuyambira osachepera 1968, pamene idasaina pangano la Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty ndikuvomera kukambirana za kuthetsa zida zonse za nyukiliya "mwachikhulupiriro" komanso "masana". Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dziko la United States lapereka kawiri “zochita mosakayikira” ku mayiko ena onse kuti likwaniritse udindo wake walamulo wokambirana za kuthetsa zidazi.

Purezidenti Obama adalandira Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel popereka United States ku cholinga cha dziko lopanda zida za nyukiliya, ndipo inunso mwabwereza kudzipereka kumeneku kangapo, posachedwapa pa Ogasiti 1, 2022, pomwe mudalumbira ku White. House "kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse cholinga chachikulu cha dziko lopanda zida za nyukiliya."

Bambo Purezidenti, kusaina TPNW kungasonyeze kuwona mtima kwa kudzipereka kwanu kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenecho. Kupeza mayiko ena onse okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kuti nawonso asayine panganoli ndi sitepe yotsatira, zomwe zimabweretsa kuvomerezedwa kwa panganoli ndikuchotsa mgwirizano. onse zida za nyukiliya kuchokera onse mayiko. Pakadali pano, dziko la United States silikhalanso pachiwopsezo cha zida zanyukiliya kapena zida zanyukiliya kuposa momwe zilili pano, ndipo mpaka kuvomerezedwa, ikadakhalabe ndi zida za nyukiliya monga momwe zilili masiku ano.

M'malo mwake, malinga ndi mgwirizanowu, kuthetsa kwathunthu, kotsimikizirika komanso kosasinthika kwa zida za nyukiliya kumachitika bwino pambuyo povomerezedwa ndi mgwirizano, motsatira ndondomeko yovomerezeka mwalamulo yomwe mbali zonse zagwirizana. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti achepetseko pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi nthawi yomwe mwagwirizana, monganso mapangano ena oletsa zida.

4. Muyenera kusaina TPNW tsopano chifukwa dziko lonse lapansi likuchitira umboni zenizeni zenizeni kuti zida zanyukiliya sizigwira ntchito zankhondo.

Bambo Purezidenti, chifukwa chonse chosungira zida za nyukiliya ndikuti ndi amphamvu kwambiri ngati "cholepheretsa" chomwe sichidzafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo komabe kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya sikunalepheretse kuwukira kwa Ukraine ndi Russia. Komanso kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ku Russia sikunalepheretse dziko la United States kutenga zida ndi kuthandizira dziko la Ukraine ngakhale kuti dziko la Russia likutsutsa kwambiri.

Kuyambira 1945, US yamenya nkhondo ku Korea, Vietnam, Lebanon, Libya, Kosovo, Somalia, Afghanistan, Iraq, ndi Syria. Kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya sikunalepheretse nkhondo iliyonse, komanso kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya sikunatsimikizire kuti US "inapambana" nkhondo iliyonse.

Kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi UK sikunalepheretse Argentina kuti asawononge zilumba za Falkland ku 1982. Kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi France sikunawaletse kuti awonongeke ku Algeria, Tunisia kapena Chad. Kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya ndi Israeli sikunaletse kulandidwa kwa dzikolo ndi Syria ndi Egypt mu 1973, komanso sikunalepheretse Iraq kugwetsa mizinga ya Scud pa iwo mu 1991. Pakistan, komanso kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kwa Pakistan sikunaimitse ntchito iliyonse yankhondo ku India kumeneko.

N'zosadabwitsa kuti Kim Jong-un akuganiza kuti zida za nyukiliya zidzalepheretsa kuukira dziko lake ndi United States, komabe ndikutsimikiza kuti mukuvomereza kuti kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kumapangitsa kuukira koteroko. Zambiri mwina nthawi ina m'tsogolo, osati zochepa.

Purezidenti Putin adawopseza kuti agwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya kudziko lililonse lomwe likufuna kusokoneza kuwukira kwake ku Ukraine. Aka sikanali koyamba kuti aliyense awopseza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Mtsogoleri wanu ku White House adawopseza North Korea ndi kuwonongedwa kwa nyukiliya ku 2017. Ndipo ziwopsezo za nyukiliya zapangidwa ndi Atsogoleri apitalo a US ndi atsogoleri a mayiko ena okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kubwereranso pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse.

Koma ziwopsezozi zilibe tanthauzo pokhapokha ngati zitachitika, ndipo sizichitika pazifukwa zosavuta kuti kutero kungakhale kudzipha ndipo palibe mtsogoleri wandale wanzeru yemwe angasankhepo.

M'mawu anu ophatikizana ndi Russia, China, France ndi UK mu Januware chaka chatha, mudanena momveka bwino kuti "nkhondo yanyukiliya siyingapambane ndipo siyiyenera kumenyedwa." Mawu a G20 ochokera ku Bali adabwerezanso kuti "kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuwopseza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya sikuloledwa. Kuthetsa mikangano mwamtendere, kuyesetsa kuthana ndi zovuta, komanso zokambirana ndi zokambirana ndizofunikira. Masiku ano sikuyenera kukhala nkhondo.”

Kodi zonena zotere zikutanthawuza chiyani, a Purezidenti, ngati sichopanda pake chosunga ndi kukweza zida zanyukiliya zodula zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito?

5. Posaina TPNW tsopano, mutha kufooketsa mayiko ena kuti asafune kupeza zida zawo zanyukiliya.

Pulezidenti, ngakhale kuti zida za nyukiliya sizilepheretsa chiwawa komanso sizithandiza kupambana nkhondo, mayiko ena akupitiriza kuzifuna. Kim Jong-un akufuna kuti zida za nyukiliya zidziteteze ku United States ndendende chifukwa we pitilizani kulimbikira kuti zida izi zitetezedwe mwanjira ina us kuchokera kwa iye. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Iran ingamvenso chimodzimodzi.

Pamene tikupitiriza kunena kuti tiyenera kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kuti tidzitetezere tokha, komanso kuti izi ndi "zapamwamba" chitsimikizo cha chitetezo chathu, pamene tikulimbikitsanso mayiko ena kufuna zomwezo. South Korea ndi Saudi Arabia akuganiza kale zopezera zida zawo za nyukiliya. Posachedwapa padzakhala ena.

Kodi dziko lodzaza zida za nyukiliya lingakhale bwanji lotetezeka kuposa dziko lopanda aliyense zida za nyukiliya? Pulezidenti, ino ndi nthawi yoti tigwiritse ntchito mwayi wochotsa zidazi kamodzi kokha, mayiko ambiri asanayambe mpikisano wosalamulirika wa zida zankhondo zomwe zingakhale ndi chotsatira chimodzi chokha. Kuthetsa zida zimenezi tsopano sikungofunika kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, ndi nkhani ya chitetezo cha dziko.

Popanda chida chimodzi cha nyukiliya, United States ikanakhalabe dziko lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi malire ambiri. Pamodzi ndi ogwirizana nawo ankhondo, ndalama zomwe timawononga pankhondo zimaposa adani athu onse omwe atha kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri, chaka chilichonse. Palibe dziko padziko lapansi lomwe limayandikira kuopseza kwambiri United States ndi ogwirizana nawo - pokhapokha atakhala ndi zida za nyukiliya.

Zida za nyukiliya ndizofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Zimatheketsa dziko laling’ono, losauka, lokhala ndi anthu ake anjala, kuopseza ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse m’mbiri yonse ya anthu. Ndipo njira yokhayo yothetsera chiwopsezo chimenecho ndikuchotsa zida zonse za nyukiliya. Izi, Bambo Purezidenti, ndizofunikira zachitetezo cha dziko.

6. Pali chifukwa chimodzi chomaliza cholembera TPNW tsopano. Ndipo zimenezi n’chifukwa cha ana athu ndi adzukulu athu, amene akukhala m’dziko limene likuyaka moto pamaso pathu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Sitingathe kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo popanda kuthana ndi vuto la nyukiliya.

Mwachitapo kanthu kuti muthe kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo, kudzera mu bilu yanu ya zomangamanga komanso lamulo lochepetsera kukwera kwa mitengo. Mwalepheretsedwa ndi zigamulo za Khothi Lalikulu komanso Congress yovuta kuti ikwaniritse zambiri zomwe mukudziwa kuti zikufunika kuthana ndi vutoli. Ndipo komabe, trilioni ndalama za okhometsa msonkho zikutsanulidwa pakupanga zida zanyukiliya za m'badwo wotsatira, pamodzi ndi zida zina zonse zankhondo ndi zomangamanga zomwe mwasaina.

Purezidenti, chifukwa cha ana athu ndi zidzukulu, chonde gwiritsani ntchito mwayiwu kusintha magiya ndikuyamba kusintha dziko lokhazikika kwa iwo. Simukufunika Congress kapena Khothi Lalikulu kuti lisayine pangano m'malo mwa United States. Uwu ndi mwayi wanu ngati Purezidenti.

Ndipo posayina TPNW, tikhoza kuyamba kusintha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuchokera ku zida za nyukiliya kupita ku njira zothetsera nyengo. Mwa kuwonetsa chiyambi cha kutha kwa zida za nyukiliya, mungakhale mukuthandizira ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chachikulu cha sayansi ndi mafakitale chomwe chimathandizira makampani a zida za nyukiliya kuti ayambe kusintha, pamodzi ndi mabiliyoni a ndalama zachinsinsi zomwe zimathandizira makampaniwa.

Ndipo koposa zonse, mukhala mukutsegula khomo lakupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi Russia, China, India ndi EU popanda kuchitapo kanthu panyengo sikungakhale kokwanira kupulumutsa dziko lapansi. Chonde, a President, mutha kuchita izi!

Ine wanu mowona mtima,

DINANI APA KUTI UTUMIKIZE IZI KWA PRESIDENT BIDEN.
(White House imangolandira Maimelo ochokera ku US okhalamo.)