Kuphunzira Maphunziro Olakwika ku Ukraine

Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, April 11, 2022

Ukraine inasiya zida zake za nyukiliya ndipo inaukiridwa. Choncho dziko lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya.

NATO sinawonjezere Ukraine, yomwe idawukiridwa. Chifukwa chake dziko lililonse kapena ambiri aiwo ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku NATO.

Russia ili ndi boma loipa. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kuchotsedwa.

Maphunziro awa ndi otchuka, omveka - ngakhale chowonadi chosakayikitsa m'malingaliro ambiri - ndipo ndi zolakwika zowopsa komanso zowonetsera.

Dziko lapansi lakhala ndi mwayi wodabwitsa komanso kuchuluka kodabwitsa kwa zida zanyukiliya zomwe zidatsala pang'ono kuphonya. Kungopita kwa nthawi kumapangitsa kuti apocalypse ya nyukiliya ikhale yotheka kwambiri. Asayansi omwe amasunga koloko ya Doomsday Clock akuti chiwopsezochi tsopano ndi chachikulu kuposa kale. Kuchikulitsa ndi kufalikira kowonjezereka kumangowonjezera chiopsezo. Kwa iwo omwe amaika kupulumuka kwa moyo wapadziko lapansi kuposa momwe moyo umawonekera (chifukwa simunganyalanyaze mbendera ndikudana ndi mdani ngati mulibe) kuchotsa zida za nyukiliya kuyenera kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, monga kuthetsa mpweya wowononga nyengo.

Koma bwanji ngati dziko lililonse lomwe limapereka zida za nyukiliya lidzawukiridwa? Umenewo ungakhale mtengo wokwera ndithu, koma sizili choncho. Kazakhstan inasiyanso zida zake. Momwemonso Belarus. South Africa idasiya zida zake. Brazil ndi Argentina anasankha kusakhala ndi nukes. South Korea, Taiwan, Sweden, ndi Japan asankha kusakhala ndi nukes. Tsopano, ndizowona kuti Libya idasiya pulogalamu yake ya zida za nyukiliya ndikuwukiridwa. Ndipo ndizowona kuti mayiko ambiri omwe alibe zida za nyukiliya adawukiridwa: Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, Somalia, ndi zina zotero. Europe, musalepheretse nkhondo yayikulu yolimbana ndi US ndi Europe yonyamula zida za Ukraine motsutsana ndi Russia, musayime kukankhira kwakukulu kunkhondo ndi China, musalepheretse Afghans ndi Iraqi ndi Syria kumenyana ndi asitikali aku US, ndipo khalani ndi zambiri zokhudza kuyambitsa nkhondo ku Ukraine monga kusowa kwawo kumachitira ndikulephera kuiletsa.

Vuto la missile la Cuba linakhudza US kutsutsa mizinga ya Soviet ku Cuba, ndipo USSR ikutsutsa mizinga ya US ku Turkey ndi Italy. M'zaka zaposachedwa, US yasiya mapangano ambiri omenyera zida, kusunga zida zanyukiliya ku Turkey (ndi Italy, Germany, Netherlands, ndi Belgium), ndikuyika zida zatsopano ku Poland ndi Romania. Zina mwa zifukwa zimene dziko la Russia linapereka kuti liukire dziko la Ukraine zinali kuyika zida zankhondo pafupi ndi malire ake kuposa kale. Zowiringula, zosafunikira kunena, sizolondola, ndipo phunziro lomwe laphunziridwa ku Russia kuti US ndi NATO sizimvera china chilichonse koma nkhondo ndi phunziro labodza monga momwe amaphunzirira ku US ndi ku Ulaya. Russia ikanathandizira ulamuliro wamalamulo ndikupambana gawo lalikulu la dziko lapansi. Iwo unasankha kusatero.

M’malo mwake, United States ndi Russia si zipani za International Criminal Court. United States ikulanga maboma ena chifukwa chothandizira ICC. United States ndi Russia zikunyoza zigamulo za Khoti Lachilungamo Ladziko Lonse. Kuukira kothandizidwa ndi US ku Ukraine mu 2014, kuyesetsa kwa US ndi Russia kuti apambane Ukraine kwa zaka zambiri, kulimbikitsana pakati pa mikangano ku Donbas, komanso kuwukira kwa Russia mu 2022 kukuwonetsa vuto mu utsogoleri wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Za 18 zazikulu za ufulu waumunthu mapangano, Russia ndi gawo la 11 okha, ndipo United States kwa 5 okha, ochepa ngati dziko lililonse Padziko Lapansi. Mayiko onsewa amaphwanya mapangano mwakufuna kwawo, kuphatikiza Charter ya United Nations, Kellogg Briand Pact, ndi malamulo ena oletsa nkhondo. Mayiko onse aŵiri akukana kuchirikiza ndi kutsutsa poyera mapangano aakulu ochotsera zida ndi odana ndi zida ochirikizidwa ndi ambiri a dziko lapansi. Ngakhalenso sichirikiza Pangano la Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Sizikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za zida za Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, ndipo United States imasunga zida za nyukiliya m'mayiko ena asanu ndipo ikuganiza zoziyika zina, pamene Russia inanena za kuika nukes ku Belarus.

Russia ndi United States ali ngati maboma ankhanza kunja kwa Pangano la Landmines Treaty, Convention on Cluster Munitions, Arms Trade Treaty, ndi ena ambiri. United States ndi Russia ndi omwe amagulitsa zida zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pamodzi akuwerengera zida zambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndikutumizidwa. Pakadali pano malo ambiri omwe akukumana ndi nkhondo sapanga zida konse. Zida zimatumizidwa kumayiko ambiri kuchokera kumadera ochepa. United States ndi Russia ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri veto mphamvu ku UN Security Council, aliyense amatseka demokalase ndi voti imodzi.

Russia ikadatha kuletsa kuwukira kwa Ukraine posaukira Ukraine. Europe ikadatha kuletsa kuwukiridwa kwa Ukraine pouza US ndi Russia kuti asamaganizire bizinesi yawo. United States ikadatha kuletsa kuwukiridwa kwa Ukraine mwa njira zotsatirazi, zomwe akatswiri aku US adachenjeza kuti zikufunika kupewa nkhondo ndi Russia:

• Kuthetsa NATO pamene Pangano la Warsaw linathetsedwa.
• Kupewa kukulitsa NATO.
• Kupewa kuthandizira kusintha kwamitundu ndi kulanda.
• Kuthandizira kusachita zachiwawa, kuphunzitsa kukana popanda zida, komanso kusalowerera ndale.
• Kusintha kuchokera ku mafuta oyaka.
• Kupewa kutenga zida zankhondo ku Ukraine, kutenga zida zankhondo ku Eastern Europe, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Eastern Europe.
• Kuvomereza zofunikila zaku Russia mu Disembala 2021.

Mu 2014, Russia idati Ukraine igwirizane ndi Kumadzulo kapena Kummawa koma igwire ntchito ndi onse awiri. A US adakana lingalirolo ndikuchirikiza kulanda boma komwe kunakhazikitsa boma logwirizana ndi West.

Malinga ndi Ted Snider:

"Mu 2019, Volodymyr Zelensky adasankhidwa papulatifomu yomwe idawonetsa kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi Russia ndikusaina Pangano la Minsk. Pangano la Minsk linapereka ufulu wodzilamulira kumadera a Donetsk ndi Lugansk a Donbas omwe adavotera ufulu wochokera ku Ukraine pambuyo pa kulanda. Linapereka yankho lodalirika laukazembe. Poyang'anizana ndi zovuta zapakhomo, Zelensky angafune thandizo la US. Iye sanachipeze ndipo, malinga ndi mawu a Richard Sakwa, Pulofesa wa Politics ku Russia ndi ku Ulaya pa yunivesite ya Kent, 'analepheretsedwa ndi okonda dziko.' Zelensky adachoka pamsewu wa zokambirana ndipo anakana kuyankhula ndi atsogoleri a Donbas ndikukhazikitsa mapangano a Minsk.

"Pokanika kuthandizira Zelensky pazankho laukazembe ndi Russia, Washington idalephera kumukakamiza kuti abwerere kukakhazikitsa Pangano la Minsk. Sakwa adauza mlembiyu kuti, 'ponena za Minsk, US kapena EU sanakakamize Kyiv kuti akwaniritse gawo lake la mgwirizano.' Ngakhale kuti dziko la United States linavomereza Minsk, Anatol Lieven, mkulu wina wochita kafukufuku ku Russia ndi ku Ulaya ku Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft, anauza mlembiyu kuti, 'sanachite kalikonse kukakamiza dziko la Ukraine kuti lizitsatira.' Anthu a ku Ukraine adapatsa Zelensky udindo wothetsa mavuto. Washington sanachirikize kapena kulimbikitsa. "

Ngakhale Purezidenti waku US Barack Obama adatsutsa kupatsa zida Ukraine, a Trump ndi Biden adakonda, ndipo tsopano Washington yachulukitsa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zothandizira mbali ya Ukraine pa mkangano ku Donbas, ndipo ndi nthambi za asilikali a US monga RAND Corporation ikupanga malipoti a momwe angalowetsere Russia ku nkhondo yowononga ku Ukraine, US yakana chilichonse chomwe chingabweretse. zokambirana zothetsa nkhondo ndi mtendere. Monga ndi chikhulupiliro chamuyaya chakuti Purezidenti wa Syria watsala pang'ono kugonjetsedwa nthawi iliyonse, komanso kukana mobwerezabwereza kukhazikitsira mtendere m'dzikolo, boma la US, malinga ndi Purezidenti Biden, likukondera kuchotsedwa kwa boma la Russia, ngakhale zitakhala bwanji. anthu ambiri aku Ukraine amafa. Ndipo boma la Ukraine likuwoneka kuti likuvomereza kwambiri. Purezidenti waku Ukraine Zelensky akuti anakanidwa kuperekedwa kwa mtendere masiku asanafike kuwukiridwa pazifukwa zomwe pamapeto pake zidzavomerezedwa ndi omwe - ngati alipo - osiyidwa amoyo.

Ndi chinsinsi chosungidwa bwino, koma mtendere siwochepa kapena wovuta. Kuyambitsa nkhondo ndizovuta kwambiri. Pamafunika kuyesetsa mwakhama kuti tipewe mtendere. The zitsanzo zomwe zikutsimikizira kuti izi zikuphatikiza nkhondo zonse zam'mbuyomu padziko lapansi. Chitsanzo nthawi zambiri anaukitsidwa poyerekeza ndi Ukraine ndi Gulf Nkhondo ya 1990-1991. Koma chitsanzo chimenecho chimadalira kuchotsa m'makumbukidwe athu agulu / mabungwe kuti boma la Iraq lidakonzeka kukambirana zochoka ku Kuwait popanda nkhondo ndipo pamapeto pake adangodzipereka kuti achoke ku Kuwait mkati mwa milungu itatu popanda zikhalidwe. Mfumu ya Jordan, Papa, Purezidenti wa France, Purezidenti wa Soviet Union, ndi ena ambiri adalimbikitsa kukhazikika kwamtendere koteroko, koma White House idaumirira "njira yake yomaliza" yankhondo. Russia yakhala ikulemba zomwe zingatenge kuti athetse nkhondo ku Ukraine kuyambira nkhondo isanayambe - zofuna zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwa ndi zofuna zina, osati zida.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi nthawi yophunzira mbiri yakale ndikumvetsetsa kuti mtendere ndi wotheka, zitha kukhala zosavuta kuzindikira cholakwika mu lingaliro lodzikwaniritsa lomwe NATO iyenera kukulitsidwa ngakhale ikuwopseza Russia, komanso ngakhale Russia itaukira kuti ipewe. . Chikhulupiriro chakuti boma la Russia lidzaukira kulikonse komwe lingathe kuchita, ngakhale ataloledwa ku NATO ndi EU, kapena ngakhale NATO itathetsedwa, sichingatsimikizidwe. Koma sitiyenera kuziganizira molakwika. Izo zikhoza kukhala zolondola kwambiri. Zachidziwikire kuti zomwezo zikuwoneka kuti ndi zoona ku US ndi maboma ena. Koma kukana kukulitsa NATO sikukanalepheretsa Russia kuwukira Ukraine chifukwa boma la Russia ndi ntchito yabwino yothandiza anthu. Zikadalepheretsa Russia kuwukira Ukraine chifukwa boma la Russia silikanakhala ndi chifukwa chabwino chogulitsira akuluakulu aku Russia, anthu aku Russia, kapena dziko lonse lapansi.

Panthawi ya Cold War ya 20th Century panali zitsanzo - zina mwazo zomwe zidakambidwa m'buku laposachedwa la Andrew Cockburn - la asitikali aku US ndi Soviet omwe amayambitsa zochitika zapamwamba pomwe mbali inayo ikufuna ndalama zowonjezera zida kuchokera ku boma lake. Kuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine kwachitira zambiri NATO kuposa momwe NATO ikadachitira yokha. Kuthandizira kwa NATO pazankhondo ku Ukraine ndi Kum'mawa kwa Europe m'zaka zaposachedwa kwachita zambiri pazankhondo zaku Russia kuposa momwe aliyense ku Russia akanatha kuchitira. Lingaliro loti zomwe zikufunika tsopano ndi zomwe zidayambitsa mikangano yomwe ilipo ikufanana ndi kutsimikizira malingaliro omwe akufunika kufunsidwa.

Lingaliro lakuti Russia ili ndi boma loipa choncho liyenera kugonjetsedwa ndi chinthu chowopsya kuti akuluakulu a US anene. Kulikonse pa Dziko Lapansi kuli ndi boma loipa. Onse ayenera kuwonongedwa. Boma la US limapereka zida ndi ndalama pafupifupi maboma onse oyipitsitsa padziko lapansi, ndipo njira yosavuta yosiya kuchita izi ndiyofunika kulimbikitsidwa. Koma kugwetsa maboma popanda gulu lalikulu lodziwika komanso lodziyimira pawokha lopanda mphamvu zakunja ndi osankhika ndi njira yotsimikizika yobweretsera tsoka. Sindinadziwikebe kuti ndi chiyani chomwe adakonzanso George W. Bush, koma ndine wamkulu mokwanira kuti ndikumbukire pamene ngakhale owonera nkhani nthawi zina adaphunzira kuti kugwetsa maboma kunali tsoka ngakhale pazolinga zake zokha, komanso kuti lingaliro lapamwamba la kufalitsa demokalase likhoza. kukhala kutsogolera ndi chitsanzo poyesera m'dziko lanu.