Kafka On Acid: Kuyesedwa Kwa Julian Assange

Wolemba Felicity Ruby, Seputembara 19, 2020

kuchokera Kutsutsana Kwambiri

Julian Assange akuyenera kudzuka m'mawa kuti atuluke m'ndende ya Belmarsh kupita ku khothi lakale la Bailey, komwe kumumvera kwake kunayambiranso pa 7 Seputembala, kwa milungu inayi. Amavala zovala kubwalo lamilandu kuti afufuzidwe asanaikidwe m'bokosi lopumira la Serco van paulendo wamphindi 90 wopita ku London pamaulendo apamwamba. Atadikirira atamangidwa maunyolo mndende, amamuyika m'bokosi lamagalasi kumbuyo kwa khothi. Kenako amakakamizidwa kubwerera m'galimoto ya Serco kuti akafufuzidwe ku Belmarsh kuti akakomane nawo usiku wina ali m'selo yake.

Masewero aposachedwa kwambiri azamalamulo adayamba ndikubwerera kumbuyo kwa Julian m'maselo a Old Bailey, asanawone maloya ake koyamba m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ngakhale masiku onse amalemba adadutsa kale, ngakhale mlandu wakubwezeretsa anthu ukuchitika kuyambira mu February (pomwe milandu ya Meyi idasinthidwa mpaka Seputembala chifukwa cha COVID-19), ndi pambuyo achitetezo adapereka zifukwa zawo zonse ndi umboni wawo, United States idaperekanso mlandu wina, womwe Julian amayenera kumangidwanso.

Mlandu woyamba udasindikizidwa ndi United States, monga a Julian adanenera kuti zichitika, tsiku lomwe Ecuador idamutulutsa ku kazembe wake, pa 11 April 2019. Mlanduwo anali chiwembu chofuna kulowa pakompyuta. Mlandu wachiwiri udabwera milungu ingapo pambuyo pake, pa 23 May 2019, kuwonjezera milandu khumi ndi isanu ndi iwiri pansi pa US Lamulo la Espionage, nthawi yoyamba Lamuloli lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsutsana ndi mtolankhani kapena wofalitsa. Mlandu wachitatu ndikusinthidwa udaperekedwa kudzera mwa atolankhani pa 24 June 2020, ndi United States osavutikira kuzipereka moyenera kukhothi mpaka 15 August. Zimaphatikizaponso milandu yomweyi, koma, popeza tapindula ndi maumboni onse ndi zotsutsana ndi omenyera ufulu, imapanganso zinthu zatsopano ndikufotokozera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito ya Assange ikubera m'malo mongolemba kapena ntchito yosindikiza, ponena kuti akuyanjana ndi ' Osadziwika '. Imapanganso mlandu wa Assange wothandizidwa ndi a Edward Snowden, ndikuwonjezeranso zatsopano kuchokera ku chuma cha FBI ndikubera wolakwa, wakuba komanso wogona ana Sigurdur 'Siggi' Thordarson.

Assange adawona mlandu watsopanowu atangomangidwa kumene. Popeza sanalandire malangizo kuchokera kwa iye kapena umboni wokonzeka kapena mboni pazinthu zatsopanozi, gulu lachitetezo lidayitanitsa kuti omverawo asunge nkhaniyo pambali ndikupitiliza kapena kuimitsidwa kaye kuti omenyera ufulu wawo akonzekeredwe. Poyimilira zonsezi kudzera mwa kukana kutulutsa nkhani zatsopano kapena kuimitsa kaye ̶ Woweruza milandu Vanessa Baraitser adasinthiratu miyambo yomwe idalembedwa kale ndi a Charles Dickens ku Nkhani Ya Mizinda iwiri, komwe adalongosola Old Bailey monga, 'fanizo labwino la lamulo loti "Chilichonse chomwe chili, ndicholondola".

Kenako, bwalo lamasewera linayamba. Mpaka pomwe nkhaniyi idamveka, Unduna wa Zachilungamo ku UK udagwirapo ntchito ndi COVID-19 pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapa teleconferencing za 1980s zomwe zidalengeza nthawi iliyonse yomwe wina walowa kapena kutuluka pamsonkhanowu, osagwiritsa ntchito mawu, kutanthauza kuti aliyense amakhala ndi phokoso lakumbuyo nyumba zambiri ndi maofesi. Maluso a gawoli amangosintha pang'ono, ndikuwonetsa makanema ovuta kwa atolankhani ovomerezeka kunja kwa United Kingdom. Mitsinje yawo ya twitter imadandaula pafupipafupi za anthu omwe samatha kumva kapena kuwona, kusungidwa muzipinda zodikirira, kapena kungowona muzipinda zodyeramo za akatswiri othandizira. Pankhaniyi chilungamo chotseguka chimatsegulidwa kokha mpaka ulusi wa twitter wa anthu monga @MaryKostakidis ndi @AndrewJFowler, kulemba usiku wa Antipodean, kapena zolemba zambiri komanso zolimbikitsa za Craig Murray, alipo.  Ruptly mitsinje kuchokera kunja kwa bwalo lamilandu ndikupereka zosintha kuchokera ku Osachotsa Assange kampeni, yemwenso kupanga mavidiyo kuti adziwe momwe milandu ikuyendera.

Pafupifupi mabungwe makumi anayi, kuphatikiza Amnesty International, anali atalandira chiphaso kuti awonerere zochitika zawo kutali. Komabe, izi zidachotsedwa popanda chenjezo kapena kufotokozera, kusiya okha ma Reporters Without Border (RSF) kuti aziwona m'malo mwa mabungwe aboma. RSF Woyang'anira Makampeni Rebecca Vincent adatero,

Sitinakumanepo ndi zotchinga zambiri poyesera kuwunika milandu ina mdziko lina lililonse monga momwe timachitira ku UK pankhani ya a Julian Assange. Izi ndizodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ngati anthu atenga chidwi chotere.

A Kristinn Hrafnsson, Mkonzi-Wamkulu wa WikiLeaks, adayamba kupatsidwa mpando m'chipinda chomwe chimanyoza atolankhani ena, osawona zenera. Mwina chifukwa chotsutsa kwambiri pawailesi yakanema, adaloledwa kulowa m'bwalo lamilandu masiku otsatira, koma a John Pilger, abambo a Julian a John Shipton ndi a Craig Murray tsiku lililonse amakwera masitepe okwera asanu kupita kumalo owonera, popeza Old Bailey ikukweza sikugwira ntchito .

Ngakhale panali chikondwererochi chotsatsira komanso kutaya nthawi, ndipo ngakhale oyimba milandu akufuna mayankho a Inde kapena Ayi pamafunso atali komanso ovuta potengera masamba mazana angapo omwe amaperekedwa kuti achitire umboni usiku womwewo asanawonekere, mboni zinayi zoyambirira zomwe Julian adateteza adachita ntchito yabwino yotsindika zandale pamilandu, komanso utolankhani wa ntchito ya Assange ndi WikiLeaks. Zolemba zaukadaulo zomwe aliyense adapereka zidakonzedwa pomangidwa kale.

Mboni yoyamba inali loya waku Britain-America komanso woyambitsa Reprieve Clive Stafford Smith, yemwe adadzudzula ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso milandu yambiri pazinthu zosaloledwa monga kubedwa, kutulutsa, kunyanyala ndi kuzunza momwe zofalitsa za WikiLeaks zidathandizira chilungamo kwa makasitomala ake. Kudziwa kwake machitidwe azamalamulo aku Britain ndi US kumatanthauza kuti Stafford Smith atha kunena molimba mtima kuti ngakhale kulibe chitetezo chazonse chololedwa ku UK Zinsinsi Zovomerezeka, chitetezo chimenecho chiloledwa m'makhothi aku US. Pomwe amafunsidwa mafunso, wotsutsa QC James Lewis adalongosola za US, zomwe Assange akuimbidwa mlandu wofalitsa mayina, pomwe Stafford Smith adati adya chipewa chake ngati ndizokhazo zomwe zidayambitsidwa ku United States. . Pakufufuzanso, mlanduwo udawunikidwanso kuti utsimikizire kuti sukutanthauza mayina okha koma komanso 'kufotokoza mwadala zikalata zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chadziko' komanso kuti kuwerengera kwina sikumangokhala pakufalitsa mayina.

Umboni wachiwiri anali mtolankhani wophunzira komanso wofufuza A Mark Feldstein, Wapampando wa Broadcast Journalism ku Maryland University, omwe umboni wawo udayenera kuthetsedwa chifukwa chamasewera ndipo adalimbikitsanso tsiku lotsatira. Feldstein adayankhapo pamndandanda wambiri wofalitsa wa WikiLeaks wowonetsa mavuto ndi mayiko omwe afalitsa, ponena kuti kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso ndizomwe zimayendera 'atolankhani, ndikuwonjezera kuti kupempha chidziwitso' sikungogwirizana ndi machitidwe atolankhani, mwazi wamoyo wake, makamaka kwa atolankhani ofufuza kapena oteteza dziko. Anapitiliza kuti: 'Ntchito yanga yonse inali kufunafuna zikalata zachinsinsi kapena zolemba'. Umboni wa Feldstein udaphatikizaponso maumboni a Nixon (kuphatikiza mawu omwe anaphatikizira kutukwana; palibe chomwe chimakudzutsani nthawi ya 3 koloko ngati kumva mawu oti 'cocksucker' akunenedwa kukhothi laku Britain lomwe ladzidzimutsa). Feldstein adanenanso kuti oyang'anira a Obama adazindikira kuti ndizosatheka kulipiritsa Assange kapena WikiLeaks popanda kuwalipiritsa New York Times ndi ena omwe adafalitsa nkhani za WikiLeaks, Lewis atatsutsa kuti oyang'anira a Obama sanathetse bwalo lalikulu lamilandu ndipo adangolandira chidziwitso, pomwe Assange adakonza chiwembu ndi Chelsea Manning kuti adziwe zambiri. Craig Murray anena kuti Lewis adalankhula pakati pa kasanu kapena kakhumi mawu ochulukirapo kuposa mboni iyi.

Umboni wachitatu anali Pulofesa Paul Rogers wa Yunivesite ya Bradford, wolemba mabuku ambiri onena za Nkhondo Yowopsa ndipo ali ndi udindo wophunzitsa asitikali ankhondo pamalamulo ndi machitidwe a mikangano ku Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku UK kwazaka khumi ndi zisanu. Rogers adapereka umboni pazandale za ntchito ya Assange ndi WikiLeaks komanso kufunikira kwa mavumbulutso akumvetsetsa nkhondo zaku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Anatinso Assange sanali wotsutsana ndi US motero koma anali wotsutsana ndi mfundo zina zaku US zomwe iye ndi ena ambiri amafuna kusintha. Pofotokoza za kudana kwa oyang'anira a Trump pakuwonekera poyera komanso utolankhani, adawazindikiritsa kuti mlanduwo ndi wandale. Atafunsidwa mafunso, Rogers anakana kuchepetsedwa kukhala mayankho a Inde kapena Ayi, chifukwa 'mafunso awa sanalole mayankho abwinobwino'.

A Trevor Timm, omwe anayambitsa nawo bungwe la Freedom of the Press Foundation, amalankhula. Gulu lake linathandiza mabungwe atolankhani monga New York Times, ndi Guardian ndi ABC kuti atenge mapulogalamu omwe adapangidwa ndi Aaron Swartz otchedwa SecureDrop, kutengera bokosi losadziwika lomwe lidachitidwa upainiya ndi WikiLeaks kuti kutulutsa kuperekedwe kwa atolankhani mosadziwika. A Timms ati zomwe akuimbidwa mlandu a Assange zinali zosagwirizana ndi Constitution First (ufulu wolankhula), komanso Lamulo la Espionage inalembedwa ponseponse mpaka kuopseza ogula ndi owerenga nyuzipepala zomwe zinali ndi zambiri. Pofunsa mafunso, a Lewis adanenanso kuti si umboni wonse womwe waperekedwa ku khothi ku UK ndikuti ndikusungidwa ndi khothi lalikulu ku US. A Timm adanenanso mobwerezabwereza kuti makhothi ambirimbiri ku United States adalimbikitsa Lamulo Loyamba.

Wapampando wa komiti ya Sungani Eric Lewis- loya waku US wazaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu wazaka zomwe wayimilira omangidwa ku Guantanamo ndi aku Afghanistan omwe akufuna kuti akonzedwe kuti azunzidwe - adakulitsa malingaliro ake asanu kukhothi poyankha milandu yonse. Adatsimikiza kuti zikalata za WikiLeaks zidakhala zofunikira pamilandu yamakhothi. Ananenanso kuti, Assange akatumizidwa ku United States, akagwidwa koyamba ku Ndende ya Alexandria City pansi pa Special Administrative Measure, ndipo atatsutsidwa amatha zaka makumi awiri kundende ya ADX Florence yotetezeka kwambiri ku Colorado ndipo atakhala moyo wake wonse m'chipindacho kwa maola makumi awiri ndi awiri kapena makumi awiri ndi atatu patsiku, osatha kukumana ndi akaidi ena, akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kamodzi patsiku atamangidwa. Oweruzawo adadandaula kwambiri pakufunsidwa kwa mboni iyi, kudandaula kwa woweruza kuti, ngakhale anali ndi maola anayi, amafuna nthawi yochulukirapo popeza mboniyo idakana kuyankha kuti 'Inde' kapena 'Ayi'. Adakana kuyang'anira mboniyo, yomwe imapereka mayankho oyenera, pomwe wosuma milandu Lewis adayankha kuti 'izi sizingachitike kukhothi lenileni'. Adapepesa chifukwa chakuyankhula bwino atapuma.

Mtolankhani John Goetz adachitira umboni zakugwira ntchito mgwirizanowu ndi anzawo atolankhani komanso WikiLeaks pomwe anali Der Spiegel mu 2010 pa kutulutsidwa kwa Afghan War Diary, Iraq War Logs ndi zingwe zoyankhulirana. Ananenanso kuti Assange ndi WikiLeaks anali ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera chitetezo ndipo adayesetsa kuyesetsa kusinthanso mayinawo. Adatinso akukwiyitsidwa komanso kukhumudwitsidwa ndi chitetezo cha "paranoid" chomwe Assange adalimbikira, chomwe pambuyo pake adazindikira kuti chinali choyenera. Adanenanso kangapo kuti zingwe zoyankhulirana zimangopezeka chifukwa Guardian atolankhani a Luke Harding ndi a David Leigh adasindikiza mawu achinsinsiwo m'buku, ndipo komabe tsamba la webusayiti la Cryptome lidawatulutsa koyamba. Wodzitchinjiriza adayesa kuti a Goetz achitire umboni kuti adapezeka pachakudya chamadzulo pomwe Assange akuti adati, 'Ndiwoya; akuyenera kufa ', zomwe sananene. Woweruza milandu adatsutsa kufunsa uku, ndipo woweruzayo adalimbikitsa izi.

Wowomba mluzu wa Pentagon Papers a Daniel Ellsberg posachedwa adakwanitsa zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi, koma adakwaniritsa luso laukadaulo kuti awonekere ngati mboni kwa maola ambiri. Anali atawerenga kwathunthu masamba 300 omwe apolisi amatsutsa usiku woti awonekere. Anatinso Assange sanganene kuti zomwe awulula zinali zokomera anthu chifukwa chitetezo sichilipo Lamulo la Espionage, lamulo lomweli pomwe Ellsberg adakumana ndi milandu khumi ndi iwiri ndi zaka 115-milandu yomwe idachotsedwa pomwe zidawululidwa kuti boma lidapeza umboni wonena za iye mosaloledwa. Anatinso 'anthu aku America amafunikira mwachangu kuti adziwe zomwe zimachitika mdzina lawo, ndipo palibe njira ina yophunzirira izi kupatula kuwulula kosaloleka'. Adakumbutsa khothi kuti, mosiyana ndi Assange, sanasinthe dzina limodzi la wodziwitsa kapena wothandizira wa CIA kuchokera ku Pentagon Papers, ndikuti Assange adayandikira Unduna wa Zachitetezo ndi Maboma kuti awongolere mayina awo.

Amboni ena adzaitanidwa ndi achitetezo m'masabata akudza zafotokozedwa apa by Kevin Gosztola.

Asanamve mlandu wawo, Atolankhani Opanda Malire adayesa kupereka pempho la 80,000 ku 10 Downing Street, ndipo adakanidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, zidutswa zingapo zofalitsa nkhani zidasindikizidwa, kuphatikiza ku UK Sunday Times, yomwe imayika mlanduwo patsamba loyamba ndikuphatikizira a chidutswa chazitali zazithunzi zamagazini pa mnzake wa Julian ndi ana ake. Mkonzi wochokera ku Times pasabata adapanga mlandu wotsutsana ndi Assange. Amnesty International idachita kampeni yapa kanema yemwe adaphatikizira nduna yakale Bob Carr ndi senema wakale Scott Ludlam ndikuwonjezera ma siginecha opitilira 400,000 kwa iwo pempho. Katswiri wa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa Amnesty wapereka izi chidutswa cha malingaliro, akuwonetsanso malingaliro omwe aperekedwa ndi Ken Roth, wamkulu wa Human Rights Watch, pamafunso osiyanasiyana.  Alice Walker ndi Noam Chomsky adawonetsa momwe 'Julian Assange sakuyimbidwira mlandu chifukwa cha umunthu wake - koma umu ndi m'mene boma la US lakupangitsani kuti muziyang'ana pa izi'. Mmodzi mwa abwenzi akale a Julian, Dr Niraj Lal, adalemba chidutswa chokhudza za nzeru zoyambira za WikiLeaks ndi moyo wa Julian ngati wophunzira wa fizikiya.

Zolemba zingapo zatulutsidwa; amene akufotokozera nkhani za ufulu wofalitsa nkhani zomwe zili pachiwopsezo amatchedwa War On Journalism: Nkhani ya Julian Assange idakhazikitsa sabata isanakwane mlandu, ndipo pali kanema wabwino kwambiri waku Germany wofalitsa. Fran Kelly adafunsa loya wa Assange waku Australia Jennifer Robinson pa RN Chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo a Robinson adapemphanso boma la Australia kuti lichitepo kanthu m'malo mwa nzika.

Boma la Australia lakhala chete chifukwa cha nzika zambiri pazomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka khumi. Ziwonetsero zachepetsa Nyumba Yamalamulo, anakonzekera mlungu uliwonse kunja kwa Flinders Street Station ndi mvula ya Sydney Town Hall, matalala kapena kuwala kwa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ndikumangidwa kwa kulandila akazembe aku UK kutsogolera kumakhothi pa 7 Seputembala chaka chino. Chaka chilichonse, Tsiku lobadwa la Julian amadziwika ndi makandulo owonjezera kunja kwa Nyumba Yamalamulo ndi kwina kulikonse, ndi a Greens ' chithandizo chokhazikika pomaliza kuphatikizidwa ndi ena pakupanga Bweretsani Gulu la Nyumba Yamalamulo Ya Assange mu Okutobala 2019, gulu tsopano lamphamvu makumi awiri mphambu zinayi. Pempho lakhala zoperekedwa kunyumba yathu yamalamulo ndipo kuyambira Epulo 2020 idasainidwa ndi 390,000, pempho lachinayi lalikulu kwambiri lomwe lidaperekedwa. Mu Meyi 2020, opitilira 100 aku Australia omwe adatumikira komanso andale akale, olemba ndi osindikiza, omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso akatswiri azamalamulo adalembera nduna yaku Australia Marise Payne akupempha boma kuti lithe chete. Ndipo mgwirizano wa Assange udakhalabe wolimba, MEAA idatulutsa a kanema yaifupi pakufunika kwa mlanduwu, kukumbutsa mamembala ake pagulu komanso pagulu m'malo mwa Assange ndi boma ndi UK High Commissioner, ndikupitiliza kupereka khadi yake yosindikiza. Sabata yoyamba yamilandu, a MEAA adachita zokambirana ndi Kristinn Hrafnsson adawonekera kuchokera ku London kwa mamembala aku Australia.

Mawu omwe amathandizira Assange ponseponse pazandale, komanso pakati pa magulu ambiri aboma ndi mabungwe atolankhani, akukulira. Mafunde akusintha, koma kodi asintha nthawi?

Felicity Ruby ndi wophunzira wa PhD ku Sydney University komanso mkonzi wa a Chinsinsi cha Australia Chovumbulutsidwa ndi Kuwulula kwa WikiLeaks, yomwe itulutsidwa pa 1 Disembala 2020.