ndi Joseph Essertier, February 23, 2018
kuchokera CounterPunch.
"Kupangitsa kuti North Korea ikhale pachiwopsezo chodziwika bwino kwathandiza Prime Minister waku Japan a Shinzo Abe ndi gulu lake la akuluakulu aboma osagwirizana ndi mayiko kuti agwirizanitse dziko lomwe likuyang'anira boma lawo. Kusamvana komwe kukukulirakulira kwaposachedwa pakati pa Washington ndi Pyongyang kumangothandiza kulimbikitsa nkhani yoti mfundo za Prime Minister Shinzo Abe ndi zabwino ku Japan, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azingoyang'ana mdani wakunja. Ndikuvomereza kuti ndinaba mawu ambiri m'masentensi awiri apitawa kuchokera ku CNN. Zomwe ndimayenera kuchita ndikusinthanitsa gulu limodzi la zisudzo ndi gulu lina.
Pansipa ndikufotokozera zifukwa zisanu zomwe Abe ndi gulu lake la anthu okonda ultranationalists amadana ndi Truce ya Olimpiki ndipo akuyembekezera kubwereranso ku "zovuta zazikulu" (mwachitsanzo, kuteteza mtendere pakati pa North ndi South Korea kudzera mu zilango zopha anthu, kuwopseza kupha anthu aku Korea kachiwiri. Peninsula, etc.)
1/ Ulemu wa Banja
Ena mwa akatswiri apamwamba kwambiri ku Japan, kuphatikiza Prime Minister waku Japan, Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister, ndi nduna yoyang'anira Masewera a Olimpiki a Tokyo 2020 ndi Paralympic, ali ndi makolo omwe adapindula kwambiri ndi ufumu wa Japan, ndipo akufunanso kubwezeretsa "ulemu" a makolowo, anthu amene anazunza, kupha, ndi kudyera masuku pamutu anthu a ku Korea, pakati pa ena. Shinzo Abe, nduna yayikulu pano, ndi mdzukulu wa Kishi Nobusuke, wachigawenga wankhondo wa A-A-class yemwe adathawa chilango cha imfa. Kishi anali protegé wa Hideki Tojo. Ubale pakati pa awiriwa unabwerera ku 1931 komanso kugwiritsira ntchito chuma ndi anthu a ku Manchuria, kuphatikizapo kukakamiza anthu a ku Korea ndi ku China, chifukwa cha iwo eni komanso chifukwa cha ufumu wa Japan. Dongosolo la akapolo limene Kishi anakhazikitsa kumeneko linatsegula chitseko cha kuzembetsa akazi ankhondo kuchokera ku Japan, Korea, China, ndi maiko ena.
Taro Aso, yemwe tsopano akutumikira monga wachiwiri kwa nduna yaikulu ndi nduna ya zachuma, nayenso wachibale Kishi Nobusuke, ali ndi maubwenzi a Imperial Family kupyolera mu ukwati wa mlongo wake ndi msuweni wa Emperor, ndipo ndi wolowa nyumba wa chuma cha migodi chomwe chinamangidwa. kumlingo waukulu mwa kudyera masuku pamutu antchito okakamiza a ku Korea panthaŵi ya Nkhondo. Mlamu wake wa Aso ndi Suzuki Shun'ichi, yemwenso ndi wotsutsa kwambiri komanso wotsutsa mbiri yakale yemwe ndi Mtumiki Woyang'anira Masewera a Olimpiki a 2020 ku Tokyo. Anthu ambiri aku Korea, kumpoto ndi kumwera, amadziwa kwambiri kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa anthu amasiku ano omwe ali ndi ultranationalists ndi a ultranationalists adzulo, mwachitsanzo, omwe anazunza makolo awo. Wolemba mbiri waku Korea Bruce Cumings akufotokoza momveka bwino kuti pamene Pyongyang amadwala "chikominisi chobadwa" Tokyo ali ndi "demokalase yobadwa nayo."
2/ Kukana Kusankhana Mafuko, Kukonzanso Kwambiri
Ambiri mwa nduna mu nduna ya Abe ndi mamembala a "Nippon Kaigi" (Japan Council). Izi zikuphatikiza Abe, Aso, Suzuki, Kazembe wa Tokyo (ndi nduna yakale ya chitetezo) Yuriko Koike, Minister of Health, Labor, and Welfare ndi Minister of State for the Abduction Issue Katsunobu Kato, Minister of Defense Itsunori Onodera, ndi Mlembi Wamkulu wa nduna Yoshihide Suga. Ili ndi bungwe lopeza ndalama zambiri la ultranationalist mothandizidwa ndi gulu la anthu omwe cholinga chawo ndi kusokoneza "malingaliro a Tokyo Tribunal pa mbiri yakale" ndikuchotsa Article 9 mu Constitution yapadera ya Japan yomwe imalimbikitsa mtendere wapadziko lonse pokana "nkhondo ngati ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wa dziko. ndi kuwopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ngati njira yothetsera mikangano yapadziko lonse.” Nippon Kaigi akuti kulandidwa kwa Korea mu 1910 kunali kovomerezeka.
Taro Aso ndi mtundu womwewo wa tsankho lotseguka, lopanda manyazi ngati a Trump, akuyambitsa kuwukira kwa anthu ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Iye ananena kuti Hitler anali ndi “zolinga zolondola” ndi kuti “tsiku lina malamulo a Weimar anasintha n’kukhala malamulo a Nazi popanda aliyense amene anazindikira, n’chifukwa chiyani sitiphunzirapo kanthu pa njira imeneyo?”
Chaka chatha, Koike Yuriko anaukira anthu a ku Korea ku Japan kudzera mumtundu wina wachiwawa wophiphiritsa. Iye anasiya mwambo wanthaŵi yaitali wotumiza chiyamikiro ku mwambo wapachaka pokumbukira kuphedwa kwa anthu a ku Korea komwe kunachitika pambuyo pa Chivomezi Chachikulu cha Kantō cha 1923. Chivomezicho chitatha, mphekesera zabodza zinafalikira mumzinda wonse wa Tokyo kuti Anthu a ku Korea anali akupha poyizoni m’zitsime, ndipo anthu osamala tsankho anapha anthu ambirimbiri a ku Korea. Pambuyo pake, zikondwerero zinali zitachitika kwa zaka zambiri zolira anthu osalakwa omwe anaphedwa, koma poyesa kuthetsa mwambo umenewu wozindikira kuzunzika kwa anthu a ku Korea - mtundu wa kupepesa ndi njira yoti anthu aphunzire kuchokera ku zolakwa zakale - iye. , nawonso, amapeza mphamvu kuchokera kwa atsankho. Atsankho nawonso amapeza mphamvu kuchokera ku "chiwopsezo" chabodza chochokera ku North Korea.
3/ Kupititsa patsogolo Kulimbikitsanso Nkhondo ku Japan
Japan idakali ndi malamulo oyendetsera mtendere ndipo izi zimalepheretsa kupanga zida zankhondo zomwe zitha kuwopseza mayiko ena. Pakalipano, bajeti ya chitetezo ku Japan ndi "yokha" yokulirapo pang'ono kuposa ya South Korea, ndipo ndi "yokha" nambala 8 padziko lonse lapansi potengera ndalama za "chitetezo". Abe akuyembekeza kuti asitikali aku Japan akhale amphamvu kwambiri komanso kuti dzikolo likhale lankhondo, ndikulibwezera kumasiku aulemerero, m'maganizo mwake, azaka za m'ma 1930.
Onse a ku South Korea ndi Japan amachita masewera ankhondo nthawi zonse (otchedwa "masewero ophatikizana ankhondo") ndi US. Abe, monga Trump, akufuna kuyambiranso masewera ankhondowa posachedwa Olimpiki ikatha. Masewera ankhondo a "Cope North", kuphatikiza magulu ankhondo aku Japan, US, ndi Australia akuchitikira ku Guam, kuyambira 14 February mpaka 2 Marichi. Masewera ankhondo a "Iron Fist" aku US ndi Japan ku Southern California, adangomaliza pa 7 February. Ndipo ena mwamasewera akuluakulu ankhondo padziko lapansi ndi a US-South Korea "Key Resolve Foal Eagle" masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chaka chatha masewerawa adakhudza asilikali a 300,000 aku South Korea ndi 15,000 US, SEAL Team six yomwe inapha Osama Bin Laden, B-1B ndi B-52 mabomba a nyukiliya, chonyamulira ndege, ndi sitima yapamadzi ya nyukiliya. Adaimitsidwa kuti achitepo za Olympic Truce koma mwina ayambiranso mu Epulo, pokhapokha Purezidenti Moon waku South Korea aletsa kapena kuyimitsanso.
Ngati dziko la South Korea ndi dziko lodziyimira pawokha, Purezidenti Moon ali ndi ufulu wochita mgwirizano "wozizira kuti azizizira", pomwe boma lake lingaletseretu zochitika zokhumudwitsazo kuti athetse kuyimitsa zida zanyukiliya.
Njira imodzi yomwe dziko la Japan likanakwezera "chitukuko" chake mu ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikupeza zida za nyukiliya. Ngati North Korea ili nawo, bwanji osati Japan? Henry Kissinger posachedwapa anati, "Dziko limodzi laling'ono ku North Korea silikuopseza kwambiri ..." koma tsopano, ndi North Korea kuthawa kukhala ndi nukes, South Korea ndi Japan nawonso azifuna. Ndipo kuti ndivuto, ngakhale kwa katswiri wodziwika bwino wa imperialist Kissinger.
Trump mwiniwake amakulitsa zilakolako za Japan ndi South Korea chifukwa cha zida zonyansazi. Pokambirana ndi Chris Wallace wa Fox News, anati, "Mwina [Japan] akanakhala bwino ngati atateteza. okha kuchokera ku North Korea." (Nkhani zopendekera za wolemba). Chris Wallace akufunsa, "Ndi nukes?" Trump: "Kuphatikiza ndi nukes, inde, kuphatikiza ndi nukes." Jake Tapper wa CNN pambuyo pake adatsimikizira zokambiranazi. Ndipo pa Marichi 26, 2016 New York Times Adanenanso kuti woyimira panthawiyo a Trump anali, m'mawu awo, "lotseguka kulola Japan ndi South Korea kupanga zida zawo zanyukiliya m'malo modalira ambulera ya nyukiliya yaku America kuti atetezedwe ku North Korea ndi China."
Palibe mphamvu zopanda zida za nyukiliya padziko lapansi zomwe zili pafupi ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya kuposa Japan. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zingatenge Tokyo miyezi ingapo kuti apange nukes. Mu chipwirikiti chomwe chinatsatira, ndizotheka kuti South Korea ndi Taiwan angatengere zomwezo, pomwe Taiwan ilandila thandizo labata kuchokera ku Japan. Nayenso bwanamkubwa Koike ananena mu 2003 kuti n’koyenera kuti dziko lawo likhale ndi zida za nyukiliya.
4/ Kupambana masankho
Mtendere ku Korea ungakhale woyipa kwambiri kwa okonda ku Japan ngati Abe ndi Aso, popeza "chiwopsezo" chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala olamulira chidzachotsedwa. Aso mwiniwake adavomereza kuti LDP idapambana zisankho mu Novembala watha chifukwa chakuwopseza kochokera ku North Korea, asanakakamizidwe kubweza lilime lake. Oyang'anira a Abe anali atakhumudwa ndi zomwe Abe adakhazikitsa pasukulu yapayekha yophunzitsa ana mwachisawawa, koma chidwi chidachoka pakatangale wapakhomo ndi "chiwopsezo" kuchokera ku Regime yoyipa, ndipo ovota adasankha chitetezo ndi kuzolowera chipani cha Liberal Democratic Party. Malo a sukuluyi anali atagulitsidwa kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi awiri a mtengo weniweni, kotero kuti ziphuphuzo zinali zoonekeratu, koma zinali chifukwa cha "chiwopsezo" chachilendo chomwe adatha kulamulira, mosiyana ndi Purezidenti waku South Korea Park Geun- hye, amene adatsutsidwa.
Anatha kutsimikizira anthu ambiri kuti zida zankhondo zaku North Korea zomwe zimayang'ana ku Japan zitha kunyamula sarin, chinthu chomwe chawopseza anthu ambiri kuyambira pomwe gulu lachipembedzo lachi Japan Aum Shinrikyo adagwiritsa ntchito kupha anthu khumi ndi awiri osalakwa mumsewu wapansi panthaka ku Tokyo mu 1995. Chimodzi mwa zigawenga zoopsa kwambiri m'mayiko omwe ali otetezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, chenjezo la “J-Alert” la ku Japan tsopano likulangiza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kumpoto kwa Japan kuti apeze pobisalira nthaŵi iliyonse North Korea ikayesa mzinga umene ungafike ku Japan—zokwiyitsa ife amene tikukhala ku Japan koma nkhani zabodza ndi zabodza za anthu okonda kunyanyira. ngati Abe.
5/Mph... Osauza aliyense kuti dziko lina ndi zotheka
Pomaliza, pali chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia, nkhawa ya Washington komanso Tokyo, yomwe imadalira dongosolo la Washington. China yatukuka kwambiri kunja kwa dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi loyendetsedwa ndi US, North Korea yakula pafupifupi kunja kwake, ndipo tsopano Purezidenti Moon akupita patsogolo masomphenya atsopano a chuma chake, chomwe chingapangitse South Korea kudalira US. Masomphenya atsopanowa akutchulidwa ndi mawu akuti "New Southern Policy" ndi "New Northern Policy." Zakale zikanakhala kuti South Korea ikukulitsa ubale wamalonda ndi Indonesia, dziko lomwe liri ndi ubale wabwino ndi North Korea, pamene wotsirizayo adzatsegula malonda ambiri ndi Russia ndi China, komanso North Korea. Mwachitsanzo, pulani imodzi ndi yopangira zida zatsopano zolumikizira dziko la South Korea kupita ku Russia kudzera m'gawo la North Korea, posinthana ndi kuzizira kwa zida zanyukiliya ku North Korea. Palinso zokambirana zomwe zikufuna kuphatikiza chuma cha South Korea ndi mayiko ena oyandikana nawo China, Japan, ndi Mongolia. Pamsonkhano wa Eastern Economic Forum ku Vladivostok, Russia, pa Seputembara 7, 2017, Mwezi udafotokoza Dongosolo la Mwezi-Putin ngati “milatho isanu ndi inayi ya mgwirizano”: gasi, njanji, madoko, magetsi, njira yakumpoto kwa nyanja, kupanga zombo, ntchito, ulimi, ndi usodzi.
Malingaliro azachuma am'mbuyomu kapena amasiku ano achikomyunizimu aku China, North Korea, ndi Russia komanso kuphatikizana kwachuma ku East Asia komwe kumalingaliridwa ndi Mwezi kungachepetse kwambiri kukwaniritsidwa kwa Open Door Policy, mwachitsanzo, zongopeka za gulu la America losabereka, lomwe. umbombo ndi kudzipatula zitha kutengedwa ndi mawu a Occupy Movement akuti "peresenti imodzi." Paul Atwood akufotokoza kuti ngakhale kuti si andale ambiri amene amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti “Open Door Policy” masiku ano, “akadali njira yoyendetsera mfundo za dziko la America. Zokhudza dziko lonse lapansi ndondomekoyi idatchulidwa makamaka za 'msika waukulu waku China' (wokulirapo ku East Asia).
Atwood akufotokoza izi ngati lingaliro lakuti "Ndalama zaku America ndi mabungwe amayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wolowa m'misika yamayiko ndi madera onse ndikupeza chuma chawo komanso mphamvu zotsika mtengo zogwirira ntchito ku America, nthawi zina mwaukazembe, nthawi zambiri ndi ziwawa."
Kukula kwachuma kodziyimira pawokha kwa mayiko akumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Asia sikungapweteke anthu aku America omwe akugwira ntchito, koma kungalepheretse mabungwe aku US kudyera masuku pamutu ogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zachilengedwe za gawo lalikulu la East Asia, dera ladziko lapansi lomwe lingathe kubweretsa chuma chambiri. Zingapindulitsenso chuma cha Russia, dziko lomwe limapikisana ndi US ndipo likunena zonena zake mochulukira.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a osankhidwa a Washington, sitinapambanebe Nkhondo yaku Korea. North Korea sikuwoneka kuti ikuchoka pa chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha ndikukhala mphamvu yanyukiliya yapamwamba kwambiri. Zimapereka chitsanzo choipa, mwachitsanzo, "chiwopsezo" cha mayiko ena omwe akutsatira mapazi ake, kukulitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi ufulu wodzilamulira. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe "Don" wa Bully State m'derali sangalole. North Korea yayamba kale bwino kunja kwa dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi loyendetsedwa ndi US, mothandizidwa ndi People's Republic of China ndi USSR yakale, pomwe iwo anali "chikominisi" mayiko. (Mawu oti "chikominisi" nthawi zambiri amakhala mawu olembedwa pazigawo zomwe zimafuna chitukuko chodziyimira pawokha). Ndipo North Korea yakhala yodziimira payekha ku US, ndi misika yomwe siili yotseguka kwa makampani aku America, kwa zaka 70 tsopano. Ikupitilirabe kukhala munga ku Washington. Mofanana ndi zigawenga za Don, a Don aku US akufunika "kudalirika," koma kupezeka kwa North Korea kumalepheretsa zimenezo.
Zifukwa zisanu zomwe zili pamwambazi zikuthandizira kufotokoza chifukwa chake padziko lapansi Abe ankafuna kukhala phewa ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Mike Pence, kumuthandiza "mvula" pamwambo wamtendere ku Korea. Hyun Lee, mkonzi wamkulu wa Zoom In Korea, akufotokoza m'nkhani yaposachedwapa kuti zonyansa za Abe pa nthawi yachisanu ya Olimpiki ku Pyeongchang zinaphatikizapo kudziyesa kuti akuda nkhawa ndi kuukira kochokera ku North Korea pofuna kuti malo oimika magalimoto awonedwe; kukakamizanso zomwe akufuna kuti ayambitsenso "zolimbitsa thupi" za US-South Korea mosasamala kanthu za Kupambana kwa Olimpiki kopanda phindu; ndikupemphanso kuti ziboliboli za "chitonthozo cha akazi" zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe omwe siaboma kuti ziphunzitse anthu za kuzembetsa zankhondo zankhondo, zichotsedwe. (http://www.zoominkorea.org/from-pyeongchang-to-lasting-peace/)
Kubwerera ku masewera ankhondo
South Korea ndi dziko la Purezidenti Moon, osati la Trump. Koma monga momwe anthu ena amanenera, Seoul sali pampando wa dalaivala. Seoul "alibe chochita koma kukhala mkhalapakati" pakati pa Washington ndi boma la North Korea ngakhale South Korea "sili pampando wa dalaivala," malinga ndi Koo Kab-woo, pulofesa pa yunivesite ya North Korea Studies. anawonjezera kuti "ili si funso losavuta."
"Tiyenera kuyamba kuganiza kuti South ndi North Korea akhoza kupanga chisankho choyamba kuti abweretse zokambirana za North Korea-US," anatero Kim Yeon-cheol, pulofesa wa yunivesite ya Inje.
Ndipo "chofunika kwambiri," akutero Lee Jae-joung, woyang'anira ofesi ya Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education ndikuti "Kumwera ndi Kumpoto kuli pakati pamtendere pa Peninsula ya Korea." Akuti zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ndi "mwayi wabwino kwambiri ku Peninsula ya Korea."
Inde, mphindi ino ndi yagolidedi. Ndipo ngati nkhondo ya nyukiliya kapena nkhondo yamtundu uliwonse ikuchitika pa Peninsula ya Korea ku 2019, Pyeongchang Olympics ya 2018 idzawonekera kumbuyo kwa golide wochuluka, mwayi wotayika kwa aku Korea poyamba, komanso kwa Japan ndi America, mwina ngakhale. Anthu a ku Russia, Achitchaina, ndi anthu ena ochokera m’maboma a UN Command, monga anthu a ku Australia, amene akanathanso kukokeredwa kunkhondo. Koma ndi zida khumi ndi zisanu zankhondo zaku US pa nthaka yaku South Korea, zosankha za Mwezi zitha kukhala zochepa. M'malo mwake, ndiye chifukwa chake Washington ili ndi maziko pamenepo. Cholinga chake ndi "kuteteza ogwirizana athu komanso kuchepetsa zosankha zawo - kuwala kwa jugular," -mawu odabwitsa ochokera ku Cumings, koma kusanthula kolondola kwa momwe South Korea ikudziwira. Akuti kulepheretsa kuukira kuchokera kumpoto ndi chifukwa cha maziko ku South Korea, koma asilikali a ku South Korea ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kale. Safuna ife.
Ndiye mwezi ungabwezere dziko lake? August 15th chaka chino chidzakhala zaka 70 kuchokera pamene Korea inamasulidwa ku ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Japan, koma pafupifupi pafupifupi zaka zonsezi South Korea yakhala koloni yachinyengo ya US, monga Japan pambuyo pa nkhondo. Anthu aku Korea ku South akukhalabe pansi pa ulamuliro wakunja. Kumpoto-Kumwera "kuzizira kawiri" (ie, kuzizira kwa nyukiliya kumpoto ndi kuzizira kwa masewera a nkhondo ku South) kudakali pagome. Ngati Mwezi ukanasiya kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, a US sakanachitira mwina koma kugwirizana. Ndithudi Washington ikanalanga Seoul chifukwa cha kuwukira kotereku, koma tonsefe—anthu aku South Korea, Japan, ndi ena—tiyenera kulingalira zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, ndipo ndi kuwuka kwa Beijing, dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi likhoza kusintha. Kuchepa kwaulamuliro ndi chilungamo pakati pa mayiko aku Northeast Asia ndikothekera.
South Korea ndi Japan onse ndi aku US kapena "maiko okasitomala," kotero mayiko atatuwa amayenda motsatira nthawi zambiri. Kugonjera kwa Seoul ku Washington kuli kotero kuti agwirizana kuti apereke ulamuliro wa asilikali awo ku US ngati kuli nkhondo. M’mawu ena, gulu limodzi lankhondo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse likaperekedwa kwa akazembe a dziko lina. Panthawi ya nkhondo yomaliza ku Korea Peninsula, dziko lachilendo limenelo linachita zinthu zoipa, kunena zochepa.
Popempha Washington, Seoul adatumiza asilikali kuti amenyane kumbali ya America panthawi ya nkhondo ya Vietnam ndi Iraq War, kotero ili ndi mbiri yodzipereka. Dziko la US lakhalanso bwenzi lalikulu la South Korea pazamalonda kwa zaka zana ndipo izi zakhala gwero lofunikira, "kuchepetsa" zisankho zawo.
Pomaliza, asitikali aku US, South Korea, ndi Japan amachita ngati chimphona chimodzi, gulu lankhondo logwirizana, likukankhira ziwopsezo zowopsa ku North Korea. Mwa mayiko atatuwa, dziko la South Korea ndilomwe lingagonjetsedwe kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo ndipo likhoza kukhala ndi mayendedwe amphamvu kwambiri ademokalase, kotero mwachilengedwe ndilotseguka kwambiri kukambirana ndi Kumpoto, koma zimalepheretsedwa ndi "kuwala kwa Washington" pa jugular.
Anthu aku America tsopano ayenera kukumbukira ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi nkhondo dziko lathu lisanawukire Iraq, kapena ulemerero wina wakale wa gulu lankhondo laku US, monga kutsutsa mwamphamvu nkhondo ya Vietnam. Tiyeni tichitenso. Tiyeni tisokoneze kumenyana kwa Washington poponya ukonde pamayendedwe ake, ngakhale kufuna kuonjezedwa kwa Truce ya Olimpiki. Miyoyo yathu imadalira zimenezo.
Mfundo.
Bruce Cumings, Nkhondo ya Korea: A History (Modern Library, 2010) ndi North Korea: Dziko Lina (The New Press, 2003).
Ambiri chifukwa cha Stephen Brivati chifukwa cha ndemanga, maganizo, ndi kukonza.
