Mlimi Jim Young akulankhula ndi nkhokwe ya missile pamtunda wake pafupi ndi Harrisburg ku Banner County. Achinyamata ndi eni malo ena akhumudwitsidwa ndi ganizo la Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo loletsa makina opangira mphepo mkati mwa mailosi awiri oyenda panyanja kuchokera pa ma silo oponya mivi iyi - lingaliro lomwe layima kaye ndipo litha kutha ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yamagetsi yamphepo m'mbiri ya Nebraska. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Fletcher Halfaker cha Flatwater Free Press.
Wolemba Natalia Alamdari, Flatwater Free Press, September 22, 2022
PAFUPI NDI HARRISBURG-M'chigawo chowuma cha Banner County, mitambo yadothi imayandama kumwamba ngati mathirakitala olira mpaka dothi lopsa ndi dzuwa.
M’minda ina, nthaka ikadali youma kwambiri moti sangayambe kubzala tirigu m’nyengo yozizira.
“Aka kanali koyamba m’moyo wanga kuti ndisapeze tirigu m’nthaka,” anatero Jim Young, ataima m’munda umene wakhala m’banja lake kwa zaka 80. “Timapeza mvula yochepa kwambiri. Ndipo timakhala ndi mphepo yambiri. "
Mphepo ina yabwino kwambiri mdzikolo, kwenikweni.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake zaka 16 zapitazo, makampani opanga mphamvu zamphepo adayamba kucheza ndi eni malo kumtunda ndi kutsika County Road 14 kumpoto kwa Kimball - utoto wofiirira kwambiri kudzera mu Nebraska Panhandle pamapu othamanga ndi mphepo. Chizindikiro cha mphepo yothamanga kwambiri, yodalirika.
Ndi maekala pafupifupi 150,000 omwe abwerekedwa ndi makampani opanga magetsi, chigawochi cha anthu 625 okha adayimilira okonzeka kukhala kwawo kwa ma turbines okwana 300.
Ikadakhala ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yamphepo m'boma, kubweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa eni malo, omanga, masukulu achigawo ndi am'deralo.
Koma ndiye, chotchinga chosayembekezereka: US Air Force.
Mapu a missile silos pansi pa ulonda wa FE Warren Air Force Base ku Cheyenne. Madontho obiriwira ndi malo otsegulira, ndipo madontho ofiirira ndi malo ochenjeza za mizinga. Pali ma silos 82 ndi zida zisanu ndi zinayi zochenjeza za mizinga kumadzulo kwa Nebraska, atero a Air Force. FE Warren Air Force Base.
Pansi pa fumbi la Banner County pali zida zambiri za zida zanyukiliya. Zokhala m'mankhokwe ankhondo omwe adakumba mamita opitilira 100 pansi, zotsalira za Cold War zikudikirira kumidzi yaku America, gawo la zida zanyukiliya mdzikolo.
Kwa zaka zambiri, zomanga zazitali ngati ma turbines amphepo zimafunikira kukhala pafupifupi kotala mailosi kuchokera ku ma silo a mizinga.
Koma kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, asilikali asintha ndondomeko yawo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri za missile zomwe zili ku Banner County. Ma silo ambiri amapangidwa motsatira gridi ndipo amatalikirana pafupifupi mamailosi asanu ndi limodzi. Zoyikidwa pano m'zaka za m'ma 1960, ma silos a Air Force, omwe amakhala ndi zida za nyukiliya, tsopano akulepheretsa ntchito yaikulu ya mphamvu ya mphepo. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Fletcher Halfaker cha Flatwater Free Press
Tsopano, iwo anati, ma turbines tsopano sangakhale mkati mwa mailosi awiri apanyanja kuchokera ku ma silo. Kusinthaku kunalamula kuti maekala amakampani opanga magetsi abwereke kuchokera kwa anthu amderalo - ndikuwononga mphepo yomwe ingakhalepo kuchokera kwa alimi ambiri omwe adadikirira zaka 16 kuti ma turbines akwaniritsidwe.
Ntchito yoyimitsidwa ya Banner County ndi yapadera, koma ndi njira inanso yomwe Nebraska imavutikira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zongowonjezwdwanso.
Nebraska yomwe ili ndi mphepo yamkuntho imakhala yachisanu ndi chitatu mdziko muno mumphamvu yamphepo, malinga ndi boma la federal. Kutulutsa mphamvu kwa mphepo m'boma kwapita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Koma Nebraska ikupitilizabe kutsalira kumbuyo kwa oyandikana nawo a Colorado, Kansas ndi Iowa, onse omwe akhala atsogoleri amitundu mumphepo.
Ntchito za Banner County zikanakulitsa mphamvu ya mphepo ku Nebraska ndi 25%. Tsopano sizikudziwika kuti ndi ma turbine angati omwe atheka chifukwa chakusintha kwaulamuliro wa Air Force.
“Izi zikadakhala vuto lalikulu kwa alimi ambiri. Ndipo zikadakhala ndalama zokulirapo kwa eni ake onse ku Banner County, ”adatero Young. “Ndi wakupha basi. Sindikudziwa momwe ndinganenerenso."
KUKHALA NDI NUKES
John Jones ankayendetsa thirakitala yake pamene ndege za helikoputala zinadutsa pamwamba pake. Telakitala yake inali itaponya fumbi lokwanira kuti lizitse zida zodziwira zoyenda za missile yapafupi.
Jeeps anathamanga kwambiri ndipo amuna okhala ndi zida adalumpha kuti awone zomwe zingayambitse.
"Ndinangopitiriza ulimi," adatero Jones.
Anthu aku Banner County akhala akukhala ndi zida zankhondo kuyambira 1960s. Kuti agwirizane ndiukadaulo wa zida zanyukiliya ku Soviet, US idayamba kubzala mazana a zida zoponya m'madera akumidzi kwambiri mdzikolo, ndikuziyika kuti ziwombere ku North Pole ndikupita ku Soviet Union kwakanthawi.
Tom May akupenda kakulidwe ka tirigu amene wabzalidwa posachedwapa. May, yemwe wakhala akulima ku Banner County kwa zaka zoposa 40, akuti tirigu wake sanakhudzidwepo ndi chilala monga momwe zilili chaka chino. May, yemwe adachita mgwirizano ndi makampani opanga mphamvu zamphepo kuti alole kuti ma turbine amphepo ayikidwe pamalo ake, akuti kusintha kwa malamulo a Air Force tsopano sikulola kuti makina amphepo azitha kumtunda kwake. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Fletcher Halfaker cha Flatwater Free Press
Masiku ano, pali ma silo ochotsedwa omwe amwazikana ku Nebraska. Koma ma silo 82 mu Panhandle akadali achangu ndikuwongoleredwa 24/7 ndi antchito a Air Force.
Mizinga mazana anayi a intercontinental ballistic - ma ICBM - akumbidwa pansi kumpoto kwa Colorado, kumadzulo kwa Nebraska, Wyoming, North Dakota ndi Montana. Mizinga yolemera mapaundi 80,000 imatha kuuluka makilomita 6,000 m’nthaŵi yosakwana theka la ola ndi kuwononga kuŵirikiza nthaŵi 20 kuposa mabomba amene anaponyedwa pa Hiroshima pa Nkhondo Yadziko II.
Mlimi wina dzina lake Tom May anati: “Ngati titaphulitsidwa ndi mabomba, amati aka n’koyamba kuphulitsa mabomba chifukwa cha nkhokwe zimene tili nazo kuno.
Ekala iliyonse ya malo a May imakhala pamtunda wa makilomita awiri kuchokera ku silo ya missile. Pansi pa ulamuliro watsopano wa Air Force, sangathe kuyika makina opangira mphepo pamtunda wake.
Opanga makina opangira makina amphepo adayamba kufika ku Banner County pafupifupi zaka 16 zapitazo - amuna ovala mapolo ndi mathalauza omwe adachita msonkhano wapoyera kwa eni malo achidwi pasukulu ku Harrisburg.
Banner inali ndi zomwe opanga amazitcha "mphepo yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi." Eni malo ambiri anali ofunitsitsa - kusaina maekala awo kudabwera ndi lonjezo la $15,000 pa turbine pachaka. Ma turbines nawonso amakankhira ndalama m'maboma ndi masukulu, adatero akuluakulu aboma ndi oyang'anira makampani.
"Ku Banner County, zikadachepetsa misonkho yanyumba kuti ikhale yopanda phindu," adatero Young.
Pamapeto pake, makampani awiri - Invenergy ndi Orion Renewable Energy Group - adamaliza mapulani oyika makina opangira mphepo ku Banner County.
Maphunziro okhudza chilengedwe anamalizidwa. Zilolezo, zobwereketsa ndi makontrakitala zidasainidwa.
Orion inali ndi ma turbines 75 mpaka 100 omwe adakonzedwa, ndipo akuyembekeza kukhala ndi polojekiti yomwe ikugwira ntchito pofika chaka chino.
Invenergy ikanapanga ma turbines opitilira 200. Kampaniyo inali itayenerera kulandira ndalama zamisonkho ku boma kuti iyambe ntchitoyi ndipo idatsanuliranso zomangira za konkriti zomwe ma turbine akakhalapo, kuwaphimba ndi dothi kuti alimi agwiritse ntchito malowo mpaka ntchito yomanga itayambika.
Koma zokambirana ndi asitikali kuyambira mu 2019 zidayimitsa ntchitoyi.
Ma turbines amphepo amabweretsa "chiwopsezo chachikulu chachitetezo cha ndege," mneneri wa Air Force adatero mu imelo. Ma turbines amenewo kulibe pamene ma silo amamangidwa. Tsopano popeza ali ndi malo akumidzi, Air Force idati ikuyenera kuunikanso malamulo ake obweza. Nambala yomaliza yomwe idakhazikika inali mailosi awiri apanyanja - 2.3 mailosi pamtunda - kotero kuti ndege za helikoputala zisaphwanyike pa nthawi ya mvula yamkuntho kapena mvula yamkuntho.
Mtundawu unali wofunikira kuti oyendetsa ndege azikhala otetezeka panthawi ya "zochitika zachitetezo tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena ntchito zovuta zakuyankha mwadzidzidzi, komanso kukhala ndi anzathu aku America omwe ali ndi malo ozungulira malo ofunikirawa," adatero wolankhulira.
M'mwezi wa Meyi, akuluakulu ankhondo adachoka ku Wyoming's FE Warren Air Force Base kukauza eni malo. Pa purojekitala ya pamwamba pa malo odyera a Kimball's Sagebrush, adawonetsa zithunzi zokulirapo za zomwe oyendetsa ndege za helikoputala amawona akamawuluka pafupi ndi ma turbines mu chipale chofewa.
Kwa eni minda ambiri, nkhaniyo idabwera ngati chithumwa. Ananenanso kuti amathandizira chitetezo cha dziko komanso kusunga mamembala achitetezo. Koma amadzifunsa kuti: Kodi mtunda wautali kuwirikiza kasanu ndi katatu?
“Sali eni malo amenewo. Koma mwadzidzidzi, ali ndi mphamvu zokantha zonsezo, kutiuza zomwe tingathe ndi zomwe sitingathe kuchita,” adatero Jones. Zomwe tikufuna kuchita ndikukambirana. Makilomita 4.6 [m'mimba mwake] ndi kutali kwambiri, monga momwe ndikudziwira."
Off County Road 19, mpanda wolumikizira unyolo umalekanitsa khomo la silo la missile ndi minda yozungulira. Achinyamata amayimitsa mseu ndikuloza phiri la nsanja ya meteorological yomwe idayikidwa ndi kampani yamagetsi.
Pali maekala a minda pakati pa misisi silo ndi nsanja. The Tower Young akuloza kuti akuwoneka ngati mzere waung'ono m'chizimezime, pamwamba ndi kuwala kofiira.
"Mukafika pa helikopita pamwamba pa chipatala chilichonse mdziko muno, akunena kuti ili pafupi kwambiri," atero a Young, akulozera ku silo ya mzinga ndi nsanja yakutali. "Tsopano ukudziwa chifukwa chake timakwiyira, sichoncho?"
ENERGY YA MPHEPO IKUCHULUKA, KOMA IKUCHEDWABE
Nebraska inamanga makina ake oyamba opangira mphepo mu 1998 - nsanja ziwiri kumadzulo kwa Springview. Akhazikitsidwa ndi Nebraska Public Power District, awiriwa anali mayeso a boma lomwe mnansi wawo wa Iowa wakhala akulimbikitsa mphamvu zamphepo kuyambira koyambirira kwa 1980s.
Mapu a malo opangira mphepo ku Nebraska akuwonetsa kuthamanga kwa mphepo m'boma lonse. Gulu lakuda lofiirira lomwe limadula Banner County pakati likuwonetsa komwe ntchito ziwiri zamphepo zikadapita. Mwachilolezo cha Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy
Pofika chaka cha 2010, Nebraska inali ya 25 mdzikolo popanga mphamvu zopangidwa ndi mphepo - pansi pa paketi pakati pa mphepo yamkuntho ya Great Plains.
Zifukwa zomwe zinapangitsa kuti kusalako zikhale zosiyana ndi Nebraskan. Nebraska ndi dziko lokhalo lomwe limathandizidwa ndi anthu onse, omwe ali ndi udindo wopereka magetsi otsika mtengo kwambiri.
Misonkho ya Federal tax yamafamu amphepo imangogwiritsidwa ntchito ku mabungwe apadera. Pokhala ndi anthu ochepa, magetsi otsika mtengo kale komanso mwayi wochepa wopezera njira zotumizira, Nebraska inalibe msika kuti mphamvu yamphepo ikhale yopindulitsa.
Zaka khumi za malamulo zidathandizira kusintha kawerengedwe kameneka. Zida zapagulu zidaloledwa kugula mphamvu kuchokera kwa opanga mphepo wamba. Lamulo la boma lidapatutsa misonkho yotengedwa kuchokera kwa opanga mphepo kubwerera ku chigawo ndi chigawo cha sukulu - chifukwa chomwe mafamu amphepo a Banner mwina adachepetsa misonkho kwa okhala m'chigawo.
Tsopano, Nebraska ili ndi ma turbine amphepo okwanira kuti apange ma megawati 3,216, kupita ku khumi ndi zisanu mdziko muno.
Ndi kukula pang'ono, akatswiri anati. Koma ndi malamulo atsopano a feduro olimbikitsa mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, komanso zigawo zitatu zazikuluzikulu za Nebraska zomwe zikuchita kusalowerera ndale, mphamvu yamphepo m'boma ikuyembekezeka kukwera.
Chopinga chachikulu tsopano chikhoza kukhala anthu aku Nebraskans omwe safuna makina opangira mphepo m'maboma awo.
Ma turbines ndi ma eyeso aphokoso, ena amati. Popanda misonkho ya federal, si njira yopangira ndalama zopangira magetsi, adatero Tony Baker, wothandizira malamulo kwa Sen. Tom Brewer.
M'mwezi wa Epulo, Otoe County Commissioners adakhazikitsa chaka chimodzi choletsa ntchito zamphepo. Ku Gage County, akuluakulu adapereka zoletsa zomwe zingalepheretse chitukuko champhepo chamtsogolo. Kuyambira chaka cha 2015, akuluakulu aku Nebraska adakana kapena kuletsa minda yamphepo nthawi 22, malinga ndi mtolankhani wamagetsi. Nawonso database ya Robert Bryce.
“Chinthu choyamba chimene tinamva m’kamwa mwa aliyense chinali chakuti, ‘Sitikufuna makina oyendera mphepo owopsa aja pafupi ndi malo athu,’” anatero Baker, pofotokoza za maulendo oyendera madera a Brewer’s Sandhills. Mphamvu zamphepo zimasokoneza madera. Muli ndi banja limene limapindula nazo, limachifuna, koma aliyense woyandikana nalo salifuna.”
Ma turbines ambiri amatha kupezeka pafupi ndi Banner County ku Kimball County yoyandikana nayo. Dera ili la Nebraska ndi amodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri ku United States kwa mphepo zokhazikika, zothamanga kwambiri, akatswiri amphamvu amati. Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Fletcher Halfaker cha Flatwater Free Press
A John Hansen, purezidenti wa Nebraska Farmers Union, adati kukankhira kumbuyo minda yamkuntho kwachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa. Koma ndi ochepa ochepa, adatero. Makumi asanu ndi atatu mwa anthu akumidzi aku Nebraskans amaganiza kuti zambiri ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti apange mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2015 University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
“Ndilo vuto la NIMBY,” anatero Hansen, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achidule otanthauza, “Osati Kuseri Kwanga.” Ndi, “'Sindikutsutsana ndi mphamvu ya mphepo, sindikufuna m'dera langa.' Cholinga chawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe ntchito yomwe imamangidwa, nthawi. ”
Kwa matauni a Nebraska omwe akukumana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, makina opangira mphepo amatha kutanthauza mwayi wazachuma, adatero Hansen. Ku Petersburg, kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito pambuyo poti famu yamphepo idamangidwa idapangitsa kuti golosale yolephera kumanga malo achiwiri, adatero. Ndizofanana ndi ntchito yaganyu kwa alimi omwe amavomereza ma turbines.
"Zili ngati kukhala ndi chitsime chamafuta m'malo mwanu popanda kuipitsa konse," adatero Dave Aiken, pulofesa wa UNL ag economics. "Mukuganiza kuti sizingachitike."
Ku Banner County, phindu lazachuma likadatulukanso kumadera ozungulira, eni malo atero. Ma turbines omanga akadagula zakudya ndikukhala m'mahotela oyandikana nawo a Kimball ndi Scotts Bluff.
Tsopano, eni malo sakutsimikiza kuti chitsatira chiyani. Orion adati lingaliro la Air Force likuletsa osachepera theka la ma turbines omwe akukonzekera. Ikuyembekezabe kukhala ndi polojekiti yomwe ikuchitika mu 2024. Invenergy anakana kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mapulani amtsogolo.
"Chithandizochi chili pomwepo, chakonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito," adatero Brady Jones, mwana wa John Jones. “Tichokapo bwanji pamenepo? Pa nthawi yomwe tikukhazikitsa malamulo omwe angachulukitse kwambiri ndalama zamphamvu zamphepo mdziko muno? Mphamvu imeneyo iyenera kubwera kwinakwake.”
