Buku latsopano Uku ndiko Kutsutsana: Kodi Uwupandu Wopanda Chiwawa Ukupanga Zaka 20? Century Mark Engler ndi Paul Engler ndi kafukufuku woopsa kwambiri wotsatanetsatane, kutulutsa mphamvu ndi zofooka zambiri za kuyesayesa kwa anthu ofuna kuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu ku United States ndi kuzungulira dziko kuyambira nthawi isanakwane zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Iyenera kuphunzitsidwa m'masukulu onse.
Bukuli limapangitsa kuti kusokonekera kwa mayendedwe amiseche kuli ndi vuto pakusintha kwachitukuko kuposa momwe malamulo wamba "amathera" omwe amatsatira. Olembawo amafufuza za vuto la mabungwe olimbikitsa zolinga kukhala okhazikika kwambiri ndikunyalanyaza zida zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zilipo. Posankha mkangano wazamalingaliro pakati pamakampeni omanga mabungwe omwe akuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso zosayembekezereka, zionetsero zosaneneka, a Englers amapeza phindu m'zonsezi ndikulimbikitsa njira yophatikiza yopangidwa ndi Otpor, gulu lomwe lidagonjetsa Milosevic.
Nditagwira ntchito ku ACORN, ndinawona mamembala athu akupambana, koma ndinawonanso mafunde akuyenda motsutsana nawo. Malamulo amzindawu adasinthidwa kuboma. Malamulo aboma adatsekedwa ndi misala yankhondo, katangale wachuma, komanso njira zolumikizirana zosweka. Kusiya ACORN, monga momwe ndinachitira, kuti ndigwire ntchito yapampando wa apulezidenti a Dennis Kucinich zitha kuwoneka ngati zosasamala, zosankha mwanzeru - ndipo mwina zinali choncho. Koma kubweretsa kutchuka kwa amodzi mwa ochepa kwambiri ku Congress kunena zomwe zimafunikira pazinthu zambiri zili ndi phindu lomwe mwina silingakhale loyerekeza molondola, komabe ena yatha kuti muyese.
Ichi Ndi Chiwawa ikuyang'ana zoyeserera zingapo zomwe mwina zimawoneka ngati zakugonjetsedwa ndipo sizinachitike. Ndalemba kale zitsanzo zina zoyeserera zomwe anthu amaganiza kuti zalephera kwa zaka zambiri. Zitsanzo za a Englers zimaphatikizapo kufotokozeredwa mwachangu kwachipambano, kwa iwo ofunitsitsa komanso okhoza kuziona. Kuyenda kwamchere kwa Gandhi sikunapangitse pang'ono kudzipereka kwathunthu ku Britain. Kampeni ya a Martin Luther King ku Birmingham yalephera kukwaniritsa zomwe akufuna mzindawu. Koma ulendowu wamchere udakhudza dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kampeni ya Birmingham idakhudza dziko lonse kuposa zomwe zidachitika posachedwa. Onsewa adalimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu, anasintha malingaliro ambiri, ndipo adapambana kusintha konkriti kuposa zomwe amafuna. Gulu la Occupy silinakhale m'malo omwe amakhala, koma lidasintha zokambirana pagulu, lidayambitsa ziwonetsero zambiri, ndikupambana kusintha konkriti. Zochita zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zomwe malamulo kapena kulumikizana m'modzi alibe. Ndidapanganso zomwezi posachedwa mu kukangana potsutsana ndi lingaliro lakuti mtendere umagonjetsedwa kumene amalandizidwe amalephera.
Olembawo akunena zakusokonekera, kudzipereka, komanso kuchuluka ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakulimbikitsa chidwi, pomwe amavomereza kuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zitha kunenedweratu. Dongosolo lakusokonekera komwe kumakhudzanso kudzimvera chisoni ndi ochita zosachita zachiwawa, ngati zingasinthidwe malinga ndi momwe zinthu zikufunira, ili ndi mwayi. Occupy ikadakhala Athens, m'malo mwa Birmingham kapena Selma, apolisi aku New York akadziwa kudziletsa. Kapenanso inali luso la okonza Ntchito zomwe zidakwiyitsa apolisi. Mulimonsemo, chinali nkhanza za apolisi, komanso kufunitsitsa kwa atolankhani kuzifotokoza, zomwe zidabweretsa Occupy. Olembawo akuti Occupy ikupambana nthawi zambiri komanso kuti idachepa pomwe malo ake pagulu adachotsedwa. M'malo mwake, ngakhale okhalamo atapitilizabe kukhala m'malo aboma m'matawuni ambiri, kulengeza kwawo zakufa m'manyuzipepala kunavomerezedwa ndi omwe anali mgululi, ndipo anasiya ntchito zawo momvera. Kufulumira kunali kutapita.
Chochita chomwe chimakula, monga Occupy adachita, chimalowa mu mphamvu ya anthu ambiri omwe, monga Englers alembera, amakwiya kumene ndi zomwe amaphunzira pazopanda chilungamo. Komanso, ndikuganiza, imathandizira anthu ambiri okwiya kwanthawi yayitali ndikudikirira mwayi woti achitepo kanthu. Nditathandizira bungwe la "Camp Democracy" ku Washington, DC, mchaka cha 2006, tinali gulu lazipolowe zokonzekera DC mwamtendere ndi chilungamo, koma timaganiza ngati mabungwe omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri. Tinkalingalira zamisonkhano yomwe anthu ambiri anali atakwereredwa ndi mabungwe ogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, tidakonza mndandanda wabwino wa masipika, tidakonza ziphaso ndi mahema, ndipo tidabweretsa gulu laling'ono la omwe akugwirizana kale. Tidachita zosokoneza zingapo, koma sizinali zomwe tidaganizira. Ziyenera kuti zinali. Tiyenera kuti tisokoneze bizinesi mwachizolowezi mwanjira yokonzedwa bwino kuti tithandizire ena kumvera chisoni m'malo mokwiya kapena kuwopa.
Pamene ambiri a ife tidakonza zokhala ku Freedom Plaza ku Washington, DC, mu 2011 tidali ndi mapulani okulirapo, kudzipereka, komanso kuchuluka, koma m'masiku ochepa tisanakhazikitse msasa, apolisi aku New York adayika Occupy mu nkhani pamadzi osefukira zaka 1,000. Msasa wokhala anthu ambiri udawonekera pafupi nafe ku DC, ndipo tikamayenda m'misewu, anthu adatipeza, chifukwa cha zomwe adawona kuchokera ku New York pawailesi yakanema. Ine sindinayambe ndawonapo izo kale. Zochita zambiri zomwe tidachita zinali zosokoneza, koma mwina titha kukhala ndi chidwi chambiri pantchitoyo. Tinakondwerera apolisi kubwerera m'mbuyo poyesetsa kutichotsa. Koma tinkafunika njira yowonjezera.
Ifenso, ndikuganiza, tidakana kuvomereza kuti komwe kumvera chisoni anthu onse ndi kwa ozunzidwa ku Wall Street. Dongosolo lathu loyambirira lidakhudzanso zomwe tidawona ngati zofunikira kwambiri pankhondo, makamaka pazoyipa zomwe King adazitcha ngati wankhondo, tsankho, komanso kukonda kwambiri chuma. Choyipa kwambiri chomwe ndidachita mwina chinali kuyesa kwathu kutsutsa chiwonetsero chankhondo yankhondo ku Air and Space Museum. Zinali zopusa chifukwa ndinatumiza anthu molunjika kutsitsi la tsabola ndipo ndiyenera kuti ndinayang'ana patsogolo kuti ndipewe izi. Koma analinso osayankhula chifukwa ngakhale anthu omwe anali opita patsogolo kwambiri, munthawiyo, samatha kumva lingaliro lakumenya nkhondo, makamaka kutsutsana ndikulemekeza nkhondo museums. Sanamve ngakhale lingaliro lotsutsa "zidole" ku Congress. Wina amayenera kutenga ambuye achidole kuti amvetsetsedwe konse, ndipo ambuyewo anali mabanki. "Mwasintha kuchoka kumabanki kupita ku Smithsonian !?" M'malo mwake, sitinayang'ane konse kumabanki, koma mafotokozedwe ake sangagwire ntchito. Zomwe zimafunika ndikulandila nthawiyo.
Zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nthawiyo iwoneke, kwakukulu, ngati mwayi. Koma pokhapokha ngati atayesetsa mwanzeru kuti apange mphindi zotere, sizimachitika zokha. Sindikutsimikiza kuti titha kulengeza patsiku 1 la chilichonse "Uku ndikuwukira!" koma tikhoza kumangokhalira kudzifunsa kuti "Kodi uku ndi kuwukira?" ndipo tikhalebe olunjika ku cholingacho.
Mutu wa bukuli ndi "Momwe Kupandukira Kosagwirizana Ndi Kukhazikika M'zaka Zam'ma XNUMX." Koma kupanduka kosachita zachiwawa motsutsana ndi chiyani? Pafupifupi palibe amene akuganiza zoukira boma ku United States. Makamaka bukuli likufunsira kupanduka kosachita zachiwawa m'malo motsatira zachiwawa zomwe zidalipo, kuzisintha mosagwirizana ndi malamulo ake. Koma milandu imawunikiranso zakulanda mwankhanza olamulira mwankhanza m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Mfundo zopambana zimawoneka ngati zofanana mosasamala mtundu wa boma lomwe gulu likutsutsana nalo.
Koma pali, kumene, kulimbikitsa ziwawa ku United States - kulimbikitsa kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti palibe amene angakuwone. Ndakhala ndikuphunzitsa njira yothetsera nkhondo, komanso mkangano wosasunthika kwambiri ku US ndalama mu chiwawa ndi "Bwanji ngati titi tidziteteze ku nkhondo yopha anthu?"
Kotero zikanakhala zabwino kuti olemba a Ichi Ndi Chiwawa adayankha funso lakuukira kwachiwawa. Ngati titachotsa pachikhalidwe chathu kuopa "kuwonongedwa," titha kuchotsa m'gulu lathu zankhondo zankhaninkhani, ndi chitsogozo chachikulu chokhazikitsa lingaliro lachiwawa. A Englers awona kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zachiwawa pamagulu osachita zachiwawa. Kusochera koteroko kumatha mu chikhalidwe chomwe chimasiya kukhulupirira zachiwawa chitha kuchita bwino.
Zimandivuta kuti ophunzira afotokozere mwatsatanetsatane za kuwukira kwawo "kupha anthu ambiri," kapena kutchula zitsanzo za kuwukiridwa kumeneku. Mwa zina izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti ndimangoyesetsa kupewa momwe nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ikanapewedwera, dziko losiyana kwambiri ndi lamasiku ano, komanso momwe machitidwe osagwirira ntchito zachiwawa anali motsutsana ndi a Nazi poyesedwa. Chifukwa, "kuwukira kupululutsa fuko" ndi mawu wamba odziwika oti "Hitler." Ndidafunsa wophunzira m'modzi kuti atchule zida zankhanza zomwe sizinachitike kapena kuchitapo kanthu ndi asitikali aku US kapena Hitler. Ndinaganiza kuti kuwukira koopsa kumene asitikali ankhondo aku US sangagwiritse ntchito moyenera kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US.
Ndidayesa kupanga ndandanda yanga. Erica Chenoweth akunena za kuwukira kwa Indonesia ku East Timor, komwe zida zankhondo zidalephera kwazaka zambiri koma kukana mosagwirizana kunapambana. Kuukira kwa Syria ku Lebanoni kunathetsedwa chifukwa cha nkhanza mu 2005. Kuwukira kwa Israeli mdziko la Palestina, ngakhale kuli koyambitsidwa ndi zida zaku US, kwatsutsidwa kwambiri mpaka pano mopanda chiwawa kuposa ziwawa. Kubwerera mmbuyo, titha kuyang'ana kuwukira kwa Soviet ku Czechoslovakia 1968 kapena kuukira kwa Germany ku Ruhr mu 1923. Koma ambiri, ndidawuzidwa, sizowukira zankhanza zenizeni. Chabwino, ndi chiyani?
Wophunzira wanga adandipatsa mndandanda uwu: "Great Sioux War ya mu 1868, Holocaust, kuwukira koopsa kwa Israeli kwamayiko aku Palestina." Ndinatsutsa kuti wina anali ndi zida zankhondo zaku US mzaka zaposachedwa, m'modzi anali Hitler, ndipo m'modzi anali zaka zambiri zapitazo. Kenako adatulutsa zomwe akuti ndi Bosnia. Bwanji osati mlandu wamba ku Rwanda, sindikudziwa. Koma sikunalinso kuwukira chimodzimodzi. Zonsezi zinali zowopsya kwathunthu, imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowiringula pankhondo, imodzi imaloledwa kupitilirabe kuti boma lisinthe.
Ili ndiye buku lomwe ndikuganiza kuti tikufunikirabe, buku lomwe limafunsa chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino dziko lanu likadzaukiridwa. Kodi anthu aku Okinawa angachotse bwanji maziko aku US? Chifukwa chiyani anthu aku Philippines sangawatseke atawachotsa? Zingatenge chiyani kuti anthu aku United States achotse m'malingaliro awo mantha a "kuwukira kuphana" komwe kumataya chuma chawo pokonzekera nkhondo zomwe zimabweretsa nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo, ndikuyika pachiwopsezo cha zida za nyukiliya?
Kodi timayesetsa kuuza Aa Iraq kuti sayenera kumenyana nawo pamene mabomba athu akugwa? Eya, ayi, chifukwa tikuyenera kuti tigwirizane ndi 24-7 poyesa kuimitsa mabomba. Koma akuganiza kuti n'zosatheka kuchenjeza ku Iraq kuti zitha kuchitapo kanthu kusiyana ndi kumenyana, mozizwitsa, zimapereka chitetezo chapakati pa zomanga mabomba ambiri omwe angapangire mabomba ku Iraq. Izo ziyenera kuti zithe.
Pazomwe tikufunikira Ichi Ndi Chiwawa zomwe zimapangitsa ufumu wa US.
