Kodi NATO Ndi Yofunikirabe?

Wolemba Sharon Tennison, David Speedie ndi Krishen Mehta

April 18, 2020

kuchokera Chidwi cha Dziko

Bvuto la coronavirus lomwe likuwononga dziko lapansi limabweretsa vuto la thanzi laboma kwakanthawi-Pangokhala ndi chiyembekezo chosatsutsika cha mavuto azachuma omwe angawononge mayiko.

Atsogoleri adziko lonse akuyenera kuwunikiranso ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poopseza chitetezo chadziko ndi zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zingathetsedwe. Kudzipereka kopitiliza ku NATO, komwe zolinga zake zapadziko lonse lapansi zimayendetsedwa ndikupatsidwa ndalama ndi United States, ziyenera kukayikiridwa.

Mu 1949, Secretary-General wa NATO, adafotokoza ntchito ya NATO monga "kuthamangitsa Russia, Achimereka, ndi Ajeremani pansi." Zaka XNUMX patsogolo, malo achitetezo asinthiratu. Soviet Union ndi Warsaw Pact kulibenso. Khoma la Berlin lagwa, ndipo Germany ilibe zikhumbo za dziko lapansi kwa oyandikana nawo. Komabe, America idakali ku Europe ndi mgwirizano wa NATO wamayiko makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi anayi.

Mu 1993, m'modzi mwa olemba, David Speedie, adafunsana ndi Mikhail Gorbachev ndikumufunsa za malonjezo omwe akuti adalandira pa NATO yosakulitsa kum'mawa. Mayankho ake anali osaneneka: “Mr. Speedie, tidasokonekera. ” Iye anali wowonekeratu pachiwonetsero chake kuti chidaliro chomwe Soviet Union chidayika Kumadzulo, ndi kugwirizananso kwa Germany ndi kuwonongedwa kwa Warsaw Pact, sizikubwezeretsedwanso.

Izi zimadzutsa funso lofunika: ngati NATO lero imathandizira chitetezo padziko lonse kapena makamaka ikuchepetsa.

Tikukhulupirira kuti pali zifukwa khumi zazikulu zomwe NATO sikufunikiranso:

chimodzi: NATO idapangidwa mu 1949 pazifukwa zazikulu zitatu zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Izi sizikugwiranso ntchito. Malo otetezedwa ku Europe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zaka XNUMX zapitazo. Purezidenti waku Russia a Vladimir Putin adakonza njira zatsopano zotetezera dziko lonse lapansi "kuchokera ku Dublin kupita ku Vladivostok," omwe adakana ndi a West. Ngati ingavomerezedwe, ikadaphatikizira Russia pamangidwe omanga ogwirizana omwe akadakhala otetezeka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

awiri: Amatsutsidwa ndi ena kuti kuopseza kwa Russia yamakono ndikomwe America ikuyenera kukhalabe ku Europe. Koma taganizirani izi: Chuma cha EU chinali $ 18.8 trillion pamaso pa Brexit, ndipo ndi $ 16.6 Trillion pambuyo pa Brexit. Poyerekeza, chuma cha Russia changokhala $ 1.6 trillion lero. Ndi chuma cha EU chopitilira kakhumi chuma cha Russia, kodi tikukhulupirira kuti Europe singakwanitse kudziteteza ku Russia? Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti UK ikukhalabe mu mgwirizano wa chitetezo cha Euro ndipo ipitiliza kuthandizira chitetezo chimenecho.

atatu: Nkhondo Yozizira I inali pachiwopsezo chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi - limodzi ndi adani awiri apamwamba omwe ali ndi zida zanyukiliya XNUMX kuphatikiza zida za nyukiliya. Zomwe zikuchitika pano zili ndi ngozi yayikulu kwambiri, yakuya kwakukhazikika kochokera kwa omwe si aboma, monga magulu azigawenga, atatenga zida zowononga anthu ambiri. Russia ndi akuluakulu a NATO ali ndi mwayi wokhoza kuthana ndi ziwopsezozi ngati angachite nawo konsati.

Four: Nthawi yokhayo membala wa NATO adagwiritsa ntchito Article 5 (chiganizo cha "kuukira kwa aliyense ndikuwukira onse") chinali United States zigawenga zitaukira pa Seputembara 11, 2001. Mdani weniweni sanali dziko lina koma chiwopsezo chofala uchigawenga. Russia yakhala ikupititsa patsogolo chifukwa ichi chothandizirana - inde Russia idapereka chidziwitso chazinthu zofunikira komanso kuthandizira kuthekera kwa post-9/11 Afghanistan. Coronavirus yawonetsanso nkhawa ina yayikulu: ya zigawenga zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zamoyo. Izi sizinganyalanyazidwe ndi nyengo yomwe tikukhalamo.

zisanu: Russia ikakhala ndi mdani pamalire ake, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi 2020 NATO masewera olimbitsa thupi, Russia ikakamizidwa kwambiri kuloza ku demokalase ndi kufooka kwa demokalase. Nzika zikaona kuti zikuwopsezedwa, zimafuna utsogoleri womwe uli wamphamvu ndikuwapatsa chitetezo.

Six: Nkhondo za NATO ku Serbia pansi pa Purezidenti Clinton komanso ku Libya motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama, komanso zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri zankhondo ku Afghanistan —wotalikirapo kwambiri m'mbiri yathu - adayendetsedwa kwambiri ku US. Palibe "Russia chifukwa" pano, komabe mikanganoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsutsana ndi raison d'etre makamaka kuti ayang'ane ndi Russia.

Zisanu ndi ziwiri: Pamodzi ndi kusintha kwanyengo, choopsa chachikulu chomwe chilipo ndi chiwonongeko cha zida za nyukiliya-lupanga la Damocles lidakali pa ife tonse. Popeza NATO imakhala ndi maboma makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi, ambiri okhala m'malire a Russia, ena mwa malo opanga zojambulajambula ku St. Petersburg, tili pachiwopsezo cha nkhondo ya zida za nyukiliya yomwe ingathe kuwononga anthu. Chiwopsezo cha ngozi kapena "alamu abodza" zidalembedwa kangapo panthawi ya Nkhondo Yazaza ndipo ndizowopsa kwambiri tsopano, chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa Mach 5 zamakono.

zisanu ndi zitatu: Malingana ngati United States ikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 70% ya bajeti yayo yosankha zankhondo, pakhala kufunikira kwa adani, kaya akhale owona kapena akuganiza. Anthu aku America ali ndi ufulu wofunsa chifukwa chake "kuwononga ndalama" zochulukirazi ndizofunikira ndipo kupindulitsa ndani? Zowononga za NATO zimabwera chifukwa chakuwononga zinthu zina zadziko lonse. Tikuzindikira izi mkati mwa coronavirus pomwe machitidwe azachipatala kumadzulo akuthandizidwa mopanda dongosolo komanso osagwirizana. Kuthetsa kuwononga mtengo komanso kuwonongera kosafunikira kwa NATO kudzapatsa mwayi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri kwa dziko la America.

zisanu ndi zinayi: Tagwiritsa ntchito NATO kuchita mosagwirizana, popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo azamalamulo kapena mayiko ena. Mikangano yaku America ndi Russia ndichowona ndale, osati ankhondo. Imalira kulira kwaubwino. Chowonadi ndichakuti America imafunikira zokambirana zambiri pamgwirizano wapadziko lonse, osati chida chankhondo chopanda tanthauzo cha NATO.

khumiPomaliza, masewera andewu achilendo mdera la Russia komanso kuphatikiza mikangano yolimbana ndi zida zankhondo, akuwopseza kwambiri omwe angawononge aliyense, makamaka ngati chidwi cha mayiko chikuyang'ana pa "mdani" wovuta kwambiri. Coronavirus walowa nawo mndandanda wazowopseza padziko lonse zomwe zimafuna mgwirizano m'malo mokangana kwambiri mwachangu kuposa kale.

Padzakhala zovuta zina zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe maiko adzakumana palimodzi pakupita nthawi. Komabe, NATO ali makumi asanu ndi awiri si chida chothanirana nawo. Yakwana nthawi yoti tichoke pamalonda ndi njira zachitetezo zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuwopseza masiku ano ndi mawa.

Sharon Tennison ndi Purezidenti wa Center for Citizen Initiatives. David Speedie ndiye woyambitsa komanso wotsogolera wakale wa pulogalamuyi pa zochitika zapadziko lonse ku US ku Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. Krishen Mehta ndi mnzake wa Senior Global Justice ku Yale University.

Chithunzi: Reuters.