Iraq ndi Maphunziro 15 omwe Sitinaphunzirepo

Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, March 17, 2023

Gulu lamtendere lidachita zinthu zambiri m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za zaka chikwi, zina zomwe tayiwala. Komanso inalephera m’njira zambiri. Ndikufuna kuwunikira maphunziro omwe ndikuganiza kuti talephera kwambiri kuphunzira ndikuwonetsa momwe tingapindulire nawo lero.

1. Tinapanga migwirizano ikuluikulu yosasangalatsa. Tinasonkhanitsa othetsa nkhondo ndi anthu omwe amangokonda nkhondo iliyonse m'mbiri ya anthu koma imodzi. Sitinachitepo chochitika chimodzi pomwe panalibe wina wotsutsa chiphunzitso cha 9-11 chomwe chimafuna misala kuti tingomvetsetsa. Sitinagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zathu zambiri podzisiyanitsa tokha ndi anthu ena olimbikitsa mtendere kapena kufuna kuletsa anthu; timachita khama lathu poyesa kuthetsa nkhondo.

2. Zonse zinayamba kugwa mu 2007, a Democrats atasankhidwa kuti athetse nkhondoyo ndikuikulitsa m'malo mwake. Anthu anali ndi chisankho panthawiyo kuyimirira pa mfundo ndi kufuna mtendere, kapena kugwada pamaso pa chipani cha ndale ndipo mtendere uwonongeke. Mamiliyoni anasankha molakwika, ndipo sanamvetsetse. Zipani za ndale, makamaka zikaphatikizidwa ndi chiphuphu chovomerezeka mwalamulo komanso njira yolumikizirana yocheperako, ndizowopsa kumayendedwe. Nkhondoyi inathetsedwa ndi gulu lokakamiza George W. Bush kuti asayine pangano kuti athetse, osati posankha Obama, yemwe adangothetsa pamene mgwirizanowo unamupangitsa kutero. Mfundo yake si nkhani yachitsiru yoti munthu anyalanyaze zisankho kapena kunamizira kuti kulibe zipani. Mfundo ndi kuika zisankho pachiwiri. Simusowa ngakhale kuziyika milioni, kachiwiri kokha. Koma ikani ndondomeko patsogolo. Khalani amtendere poyamba, ndipo perekani antchito a boma kuti akutumikireni, osati mwanjira ina.

3. “Nkhondo yozikidwa pa mabodza” ndi njira yanthawi yayitali yonenera kuti “nkhondo.” Palibe nkhondo yosakhazikika pa mabodza. Chomwe chinasiyanitsa Iraq 2003 chinali kusakwanira kwa bodza. “Tidzapeza zida zankhondo zochuluka” ndi bodza lenileni, lopusa kunena za malo amene posachedwapa mudzalephera kupeza chinthu choterocho. Ndipo, inde, iwo ankadziwa kuti izo zinali choncho. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, "Russia idzaukira Ukraine mawa" ndi bodza lanzeru kunena ngati Russia yatsala pang'ono kuukira Ukraine sabata yamawa, chifukwa palibe amene angasamale kuti tsikulo lalakwitsa, ndipo mwachiwerengero palibe amene akudziwa. mudzakhala ndi zothandizira kumvetsetsa kuti zomwe mwanena ndi "Tsopano popeza taphwanya malonjezo, taphwanya mapangano, tapanga nkhondo m'derali, tikuwopseza Russia, kunama za Russia, kuthandizira kulanda boma, kutsutsa chisankho chamtendere, kuchirikiza zigawenga. pa Donbas, ndikuwonjezera ziwonetserozi m'masiku aposachedwa, ndikunyoza malingaliro omveka amtendere ochokera ku Russia, titha kudalira Russia ikuukira, monga momwe takonzera kuti zichitike kuphatikiza malipoti osindikizidwa a RAND, ndipo zikachitika, tipita. kudzaza dera lonselo ndi zida zambiri kuposa momwe timadziwira kuti Saddam Hussein anali nazo, ndipo tidzaletsa zokambirana zamtendere kuti nkhondoyi ipitirire pamene mazana zikwizikwi amwalira, zomwe sitikuganiza kuti mungagwirizane nazo. ngakhale zitakhala pachiwopsezo cha apocalypse ya nyukiliya, chifukwa takupangirani zaka zisanu zabodza zabodza zokhudza Putin kukhala mwini Trump. "

4. Sitinanenepo mawu amodzi okhudza kuipa kwa mbali ya Iraq pa nkhondo ya Iraq. Ngakhale mungadziwe, kapena mukukayikira - pre-Erica Chenoweth - kuti kusachita zachiwawa ndikothandiza kwambiri kuposa chiwawa, simuloledwa kunena mawu amodzi motsutsana ndi ziwawa zaku Iraq kapena mukuimbidwa mlandu woimba mlandu omwe akuzunzidwa kapena kuwapempha kuti agone pansi. kuphedwa kapena kupusa kwina. Kungonena kuti ma Iraqi atha kukhala bwino pogwiritsa ntchito ziwonetsero zopanda chiwawa, ngakhale mukugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku kuti boma la US lithetse nkhondoyo, ndikukhala mfumu yodzikuza youza omwe akuzunzidwa kuti achite ndikuwaletsa mwanjira ina mwamatsenga. kuti "kupambana." Ndiye pali chete. Mbali ina ya nkhondoyi ndi yoipa ndipo ina ndi yabwino. Simungasangalale ndi mbali inayo popanda kukhala wachinyengo wosalidwa. Koma muyenera kukhulupirira, ndendende monga Pentagon imakhulupirira koma mbali zitasinthidwa, kuti mbali imodzi ndi yoyera komanso yoyera ndipo ina yoyipa yopangidwa ndi thupi. Izi sizikutanthauza kukonzekera bwino kwa malingaliro kunkhondo ku Ukraine komwe, osati mbali inayo (mbali yaku Russia) yomwe ikuchita zowopsa, koma zowopsazo ndiye mutu waukulu wankhani zamakampani. Kutsutsana ndi mbali zonse ziwiri za nkhondo ku Ukraine ndi kufuna mtendere kumatsutsidwa ndi mbali iliyonse ngati njira yothandizira mbali inayo, chifukwa lingaliro la chipani choposa chimodzi kukhala cholakwika lachotsedwa mu ubongo wamagulu kupyolera mu nthano zambirimbiri ndi zina. za cable news. Gulu lamtendere silinachite chilichonse kuthana ndi izi pankhondo yaku Iraq.

5. Sitinapangitse kuti anthu amvetsetse kuti mabodza sanali ofanana ndi nkhondo zonse, komanso, monga nkhondo zonse, zopanda pake komanso zopanda mutu. Bodza lililonse lokhudza Iraq likadakhala loona ndipo sipakanakhala mlandu woukira Iraq. US idavomereza poyera kuti ili ndi chida chilichonse chomwe chimanamizira kuti Iraq ili nacho, osapanga mlandu uliwonse woukira United States. Kukhala ndi zida sichodzikhululukira cha nkhondo. Izo sizikupanga kusiyana kaya ziri zoona kapena zabodza. Zomwezo zitha kunenedwanso pankhani zachuma zaku China kapena wina aliyense. Sabata ino ndidawonera kanema wa Prime Minister wakale waku Australia akunyoza gulu la atolankhani chifukwa cholephera kusiyanitsa malingaliro amalonda aku China ndi malingaliro ongopeka komanso odabwitsa a chiwopsezo cha China choukira Australia. Koma kodi pali membala wa US Congress yemwe angapange kusiyana kumeneku? Kapena wotsatira chipani chilichonse cha ndale ku US yemwe azitha nthawi yayitali? Nkhondo ku Ukraine idatchulidwa ndi boma la US / atolankhani kuti "Nkhondo Yopanda Choyambitsa" - mwachiwonekere chifukwa idakwiya kwambiri. Koma ili ndi funso lolakwika. Simungathe kumenya nkhondo ngati idakwiyitsidwa. Ndipo simungamenye nkhondo ngati mbali inayo idali yosakwiya. Ndikutanthauza, osati mwalamulo, osati mwamakhalidwe, osati ngati njira yopulumutsira moyo padziko lapansi. Funso siliri ngati Russia idakwiyitsidwa, osati chifukwa chakuti yankho lodziwikiratu ndi inde, komanso chifukwa funso ndilakuti ngati mtendere ungathe kukambitsirana ndikukhazikitsidwa mwachilungamo komanso mokhazikika, komanso ngati boma la US lakhala likulepheretsa chitukukochi kwinaku akudziyesa yekha. Anthu aku Ukraine akufuna kuti nkhondoyo ipitirire, osati osunga masheya a Lockheed-Martin.

6. Sitinatsatire. Panalibe zotsatirapo. Okonza zakupha anthu miliyoni miliyoni adasewera gofu ndikukonzedwanso ndi achifwamba omwewo omwe adakankhira mabodza awo. "Kuyang'ana kutsogolo" kunalowa m'malo mwa lamulo kapena "dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo." Kupezerapo phindu poyera, kupha, ndi kuzunza kunakhala zosankha zamalamulo, osati umbanda. Kuyimbidwa mlandu kunachotsedwa mu Constitution pamilandu iliyonse yokhudzana ndi magawo awiri. Panalibe chowonadi ndi njira yoyanjanitsa. Tsopano US ikugwira ntchito yoletsa kulengeza za milandu yaku Russia ku Khothi Lalikulu Lapadziko Lonse, chifukwa kuletsa malamulo amtundu uliwonse ndikofunikira kwambiri pa Lamulo Loyang'anira Malamulo, ndipo sizimamveka bwino. Atsogoleri apatsidwa mphamvu zonse zankhondo, ndipo pafupifupi aliyense alephera kuzindikira kuti mphamvu zazikulu zoperekedwa ku ofesiyo ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe chilombocho chimakhala muofesi. Kugwirizana kwa bipartisan kumatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito Chisankho cha Nkhondo Yankhondo. Pomwe Johnson ndi Nixon amayenera kutuluka mtawuni ndipo kutsutsa nkhondo kudatenga nthawi yayitali kuti anene kuti ndi matenda, Vietnam Syndrome, pakadali pano Iraq Syndrome idatenga nthawi yayitali kuti Kerry ndi Clinton atuluke mu White House, koma osati Biden. . Ndipo palibe amene waphunzirapo kuti ma syndromes awa ndi abwino, osati matenda - osati makampani ofalitsa nkhani omwe adadzifufuza okha ndipo - atapepesa mwachangu kapena awiri - adapeza zonse zili bwino.

7. Timakambabe za atolankhani kuti anali ogwirizana ndi gulu la a Bush-Cheney. Timayang'ana m'mbuyo monyadira zaka zomwe atolankhani ankanena kuti munthu sanganene kuti pulezidenti wabodza. Tsopano tili ndi zoulutsira nkhani zomwe simunganene kuti wina aliyense wanama ngati ali membala wa gulu limodzi la zigawenga kapena zina, njovu kapena abulu. Yakwana nthawi yoti tizindikire kuchuluka kwa zofalitsa nkhani zomwe zimafuna nkhondo ya Iraq pazifukwa zawo zopindulitsa komanso zamalingaliro, komanso kuti atolankhani atenga gawo lalikulu pakumanga chidani ndi Russia ndi China, Iran ndi North Korea. Ngati wina akuseweretsa zisudzo mu seweroli, ndi akuluakulu aboma. Panthawi ina tidzayenera kuphunzira kuyamikira oimba mluzu ndi atolankhani odziyimira pawokha ndikuzindikira kuti zofalitsa zamakampani monga unyinji ndiye vuto, osati gawo limodzi la meda zamakampani.

8. Sitinayese ngakhale kuphunzitsa anthu kuti nkhondozo ndi za mbali imodzi. Kuvota kwa US kwazaka zambiri kunapeza ambiri omwe amakhulupirira odwala komanso malingaliro opusa kuti ovulala aku US anali penapake pafupi ndi ovulala aku Iraq komanso kuti US idavutika kwambiri kuposa Iraq, komanso kuti ma Iraqi anali othokoza, kapena kuti ma Iraqi anali osayamika. Mfundo yoti anthu opitilira 90% omwe amafa anali aku Iraq sanathe, kapena kuti anali okalamba komanso achichepere, ngakhalenso kuti nkhondo zimamenyedwa m'matauni a anthu osati pankhondo zazaka za 19th. Ngakhale anthu atayamba kukhulupirira kuti zinthu zoterezi zimachitika, ngati atauzidwa maulendo ambirimbiri kuti zimachitika kokha ngati dziko la Russia lichita, palibe chimene chingapindule chilichonse chimene aphunzira. Bungwe lamtendere la US linapanga chisankho mobwerezabwereza kwa zaka ndi zaka kuti ayang'ane zowonongeka zomwe nkhondo ikuchita kwa asilikali a US, ndi ndalama za ndalama kwa okhometsa misonkho, osati kuthetsa kupha kwa mbali imodzi kukhala khalidwe. funso, ngati kuti anthu samakhuthula m'matumba awo kwa ozunzidwa akutali akadziwa kuti alipo. Izi zinali zotsatira za boomerang chifukwa chakulavulira mabodza ndi nthano zina zakutchire komanso kukokomeza zolakwika zodzudzula asitikali apamwamba omwe adawononga Vietnam. Gulu lanzeru lamtendere, akulu ake amakhulupirira, lingagogomeze chifundo ndi asitikali mpaka osauza aliyense chomwe nkhondoyo inali. Apa ndikuyembekeza kuti ngati gulu lamtendere lidzakulanso limadziwona lokha kuti limatha kuyenda uku likutafuna chingamu.

9. United Nations inachita bwino. Inati ayi kunkhondo. Zinatero chifukwa chakuti anthu padziko lonse anazimvetsa bwino ndipo ankakakamiza maboma. Oululira malizilo adavumbula akazitape a US ndi ziwopsezo ndi ziphuphu. Oimira oimira. Iwo anavota ayi. Demokalase yapadziko lonse, chifukwa cha zolakwika zake zonse, idapambana. Mkulu wankhanza waku US adalephera. Sikuti media / magulu aku US okha adalephera kuyamba kumvera mamiliyoni aife omwe sitiname kapena kulakwitsa chilichonse - kulola okonda kuchita zidole kuti apitirire kulephera, koma sizinakhale zovomerezeka kuphunzira phunziro loyambira. Tikufuna dziko kuti litilamulire. Sitifunika kukhala otsogola padziko lonse lapansi pa mapangano oyambilira ndi machitidwe azamalamulo omwe amayang'anira zachitetezo. Anthu ambiri padziko lapansi aphunzirapo phunziro ili. Anthu aku US akuyenera. Nkhondo imodzi ya demokalase ndikukhazikitsa United Nations m'malo mwake ingachite zodabwitsa.

10. Pali zosankha zomwe zilipo nthawi zonse. Bush akadatha kupatsa Saddam Hussein $ 1 biliyoni kuti afotokoze, lingaliro lonyozeka koma lopambana kwambiri kupatsa Halliburton mazana mabiliyoni ambiri pantchito yowononga miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni makumi ambiri, kuwononga mpaka kalekale madera ambiri, kubweretsa uchigawenga komanso kusakhazikika. , ndi kusonkhezera nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo. Ukraine ikadatsatira Minsk 2, mgwirizano wabwinoko komanso wa demokalase komanso wokhazikika kuposa momwe ungawonerenso. Zosankhazo zimangokulirakulira, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala zabwinoko kuposa kupitiliza nkhondo. Panthawiyi, atavomereza poyera kuti Minsk inali yonyenga, Kumadzulo kudzafunika zochita osati mawu ongokhulupirira, koma zochita zabwino zimapezeka mosavuta. Kokani malo oponya mizinga kuchokera ku Poland kapena Romania, lowani nawo mgwirizano kapena atatu, kukakamiza kapena kuthetsa NATO, kapena kuthandizira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi kwa onse. Zosankha sizili zovuta kuziganizira; inu simukuyenera basi kuziganiza izo.

11. Nthano zoyambira, za WWII zomwe zimaphunzitsa anthu kuti nkhondo ikhoza kukhala yabwino ndiyovunda kwambiri. Ndi Afghanistan ndi Iraq zinatenga chaka ndi theka kuti aliyense apeze anthu ambiri aku US pamavoti akuti nkhondo siziyenera kuyambika. Nkhondo ku Ukraine ikuwoneka kuti ili panjira yomweyo. Zachidziwikire, iwo omwe amakhulupirira kuti nkhondo siziyenera kuyambika, sanakhulupirire kuti ziyenera kutha. Nkhondozo zinayenera kupitirizidwa chifukwa cha asilikali, ngakhale ngati asilikali enieniwo ankauza ofufuza kuti akufuna kuti nkhondo zithe. Gulu lankhondoli linali zabodza zogwira mtima kwambiri, ndipo gulu lamtendere silinatsutse bwino. Mpaka lero, kubwerezabwereza sikucheperachepera chifukwa ambiri amakhulupirira kuti sikungakhale koyenera kunena kuti owombera anthu ambiri aku US ndi omenyera nkhondo mosagwirizana. Kunena zabodza omenyera nkhondo onse m'malingaliro opanda kanthu a omwe satha kumvetsetsa kuti 99.9% ya anthu sali owombera anthu ambiri kumawonedwa ngati kowopsa kuposa kupanga omenyera nkhondo ambiri. Chiyembekezo ndi chakuti kutsutsa kwa US ku nkhondo ku Ukraine kungakule popanda zofalitsa zankhondo, popeza asilikali a US sakukhudzidwa ndi anthu ambiri ndipo sakuyenera kukhala nawo konse. Koma atolankhani aku US akukankhira nkhani zankhanza za asitikali aku Ukraine, ndipo ngati palibe asitikali aku US omwe akukhudzidwa, ndipo ngati apocalypse ya nyukiliya ikhalabe mkati mwa kuwira kwamatsenga ku Europe, ndiye chifukwa chiyani kutha nkhondoyi? Ndalama? Kodi zidzakhala zokwanira, pamene aliyense akudziwa kuti ndalama zimangopangidwa ngati banki kapena bungwe likuzifuna, pamene kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zida sikungawonjeze ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pabizinesi iliyonse yomwe sinakhazikitsidwe kuti ibwezeretsenso zigawo zake mu kampeni yachisankho. ?

12. Nkhondo zinatha, makamaka. Koma ndalama sizinatero. Phunziroli silinaphunzitsidwe kapena kuphunzira kuti mukamawononga ndalama zambiri pokonzekera nkhondo, m'pamenenso mudzakhala ndi nkhondo zambiri. Nkhondo ya ku Iraq, yomwe idadzetsa chidani ndi ziwawa padziko lonse lapansi, tsopano imadziwika kuti ndiyo kuteteza United States. Zomwezo zotopa zakale zokhudzana ndi kumenyana nawo kumeneko kapena kuno zimamveka nthawi zonse pansi pa Congress mu 2023. Akuluakulu aku US omwe ali nawo pa nkhondo ya Iraq akufotokozedwa muzofalitsa za US mu 2023 monga akatswiri opambana, chifukwa anali ndi chinachake choti achite. chitani ndi "kuthamanga," ngakhale kuti palibe mafunde omwe adapambanapo. Russia ndi China ndi Iran zikusungidwa ngati zoopsa zowopseza. Kufunika kwa ufumu kumavomerezedwa poyera kusunga asilikali ku Syria. Kufunika kwa mafuta kumakambidwa popanda manyazi, ngakhale mapaipi awombedwa ndi maso. Ndipo kotero, ndalamazo zimayendabe, pa liwiro lalikulu tsopano kuposa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ku Iraq, pa liwiro lalikulu tsopano kuposa nthawi iliyonse kuyambira WWII. Ndipo Halliburtonization ikupitirirabe, kubisa, kupindula, ndi ntchito zomanganso zabodza. Kupanda zotsatira kumakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Palibe membala wa Congress yemwe amalimbikitsa mtendere. Malingana ngati tikupitiriza kutsutsa nkhondo zinazake pazifukwa zinazake, tidzasowa mayendedwe ofunikira kuti tiyike pulagi mu ngalande ya ngalande yomwe imayamwa theka la msonkho wathu.

13. Kuganiza kwanthawi yayitali poyesa kuletsa kapena kuthetsa nkhondo inayake kungakhudze njira zathu m'njira zambiri, osati kuzisintha mwachiwonetsero, koma kuzisintha kwambiri, osati momwe timalankhulira zankhondo. Lingaliro laling'ono lanthawi yayitali ndilokwanira, mwachitsanzo, kupanga nkhawa zazikulu zakukankhira kukonda dziko lako ndi chipembedzo monga gawo lolimbikitsa mtendere. Simukuwona olimbikitsa zachilengedwe akukankhira chikondi cha ExxonMobil. Koma mukuwawona akuzemba kutenga zikondwerero zankhondo zaku US ndi nkhondo. Amaphunzira izi kuchokera ku gulu lamtendere. Ngati gulu lamtendere silingafune mgwirizano wapadziko lonse m'malo mwa nkhondo yomwe ikufunika kuti tipewe ngozi ya nyukiliya, kodi gulu lachilengedwe lingayembekezere bwanji kufunafuna mgwirizano wamtendere wofunikira kuti muchepetse ndikuchepetsa kugwa kwa nyengo yathu ndi zachilengedwe?

14. Tinachedwa kwambiri komanso tating'ono. Kuguba kwakukulu kwapadziko lonse m’mbiri sikunali kokwanira. Zinabwera ndi liwiro la mbiri koma sizinali msanga. Ndipo osabwereza mokwanira. Makamaka sizinali zazikulu mokwanira komwe zinali zofunika: ku United States. Ndizosangalatsa kukhala ndi anthu ochuluka chonchi ku Rome ndi London, koma phunziro lomwe linasokonekera ku United States linali lakuti ziwonetsero zapagulu sizigwira ntchito. Ili linali phunziro lolakwika. Tinapambana ndikugonjetsa United Nations. Tinaletsa kukula kwa nkhondo ndikuletsa nkhondo zingapo zowonjezera. Tinapanga mayendedwe omwe adatsogolera ku Arab Spring ndi Occupy. Tinaletsa kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mabomba ku Syria ndikupanga mgwirizano ndi Iran, pamene "Iraq Syndrome" idachedwa. Bwanji tikanakhala kuti tinayamba zaka za m’mbuyomo? Sizili ngati kuti nkhondoyo sinalengezedwe m’tsogolo. George W. Bush anachita kampeni pa izo. Bwanji tikadasonkhana en masse mtendere mu Ukraine zaka 8 zapitazo? Nanga bwanji tikadatsutsa zomwe zikuyembekezeka kunkhondo ndi China tsopano, pomwe zikutengedwa, m'malo moti nkhondo iyambike ndipo limakhala udindo wathu wadziko lonse kudziyesa kuti sizinachitike? Pali chinthu chonga kuchedwa kwambiri. Mutha kundiimba mlandu chifukwa cha uthenga wachisoni ndi tsokali kapena mundithokoze chifukwa chondilimbikitsa kulowa m'misewu mogwirizana ndi abale ndi alongo anu padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufuna kuti moyo upitirire.

15. Bodza lalikulu ndi bodza lopanda mphamvu. Chifukwa chomwe boma limayang'anira ndi kusokoneza komanso kukakamiza anthu kuti azigwira ntchito sikutanthauza kuti kunamizira kwake kuti salabadira zachiwonetsero ndi zenizeni, mosiyana. Maboma amatchera khutu kwambiri. Iwo akudziwa bwino lomwe kuti sangapitirize ngati sitinawalole. Otsatsa nthawi zonse amakankhira kukhala chete kapena kulira kapena kugula kapena kudikirira chisankho pali chifukwa. Chifukwa chake n’chakuti anthu ali ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa zimene munthu aliyense payekha angafune kuti adziwe. Kanani bodza lalikulu kwambiri ndipo enawo adzagwa ngati maulamuliro a nthano a ma imperialists.