Ndi David Swanson, World BEYOND War, September 12, 2022
Mmodzi mwa mabulogu omwe ndimawakonda ndi ndi Caitlin Johnstone. Chifukwa chiyani sindinalembepo za momwe zilili zazikulu? Sindikudziwa. Ndine wotanganidwa kwambiri kuti ndilembe zinthu zambiri. Ndamuyitana pawailesi yanga ndipo sindinayankhe. Ndikudziwa kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe ndimakonda kuchita ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zake: kukonza zolakwika za ena. Ndimakondanso kukonza zolakwa zanga, ndithudi, koma sizosangalatsa, ndipo zimangowoneka zothandiza kulemba pamene kulakwitsa kwanga kugawidwa ndi mamiliyoni. Ndikuganiza kuti Mayi Johnstone tsopano apanga, mwa njira yakeyake, kulakwitsa komwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri adagawana mu positi yotchedwa. “M’tsokali Tonse Ndife Osalakwa,” ndipo ndikuganiza kuti mwina ndi yowopsa kwambiri.
Ndikukumbukira wina akumutcha Jean-Paul Sartre waluntha wamkulu womaliza yemwe amakambirana momasuka mutu uliwonse, kaya amadziwa chilichonse kapena ayi. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zachipongwe, koma zitha kuwerengedwa ngati kutamandidwa ngati kumveka kutanthauza kuti, pozindikira zomwe samadziwa, Sartre nthawi zonse amatha kupereka malingaliro anzeru momveka bwino. Izi ndi zomwe ndimasangalala nazo za olemba mabulogu ngati Johnstone. Anthu ena mumawawerenga chifukwa ali ndi luso linalake kapena mbiri kapena udindo. Ena mumawawerenga chifukwa amangowona zomwe zikuchitika ndikutulutsa zinthu zofunika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphonya kapena, nthawi zambiri, zowunika - kuphatikiza kudzifufuza. Ndikuwopa, komabe, kuti Sartre akanataya mtima ndi zaposachedwa za Johnstone.
Ndimatenga mfundo yayikulu pazomwe Sartre adalemba kuti ndisiye kupereka zifukwa zopunduka ndikuvomera udindo. Simungathe kuzemba zosankha kapena kunena kuti wina adazipanga. Mulungu ndi wakufa ndi kuvunda limodzi ndi Mzimu ndi Mphamvu Zachinsinsi ndi Karma ndi kukoka kwa nyenyezi. Ngati inu ngati munthu payekha muchita chinachake, ziri pa inu. Ngati gulu la anthu monga gulu lichita chinachake, ndi pa iwo kapena ife. Simungasankhe kuwuluka kapena kuwona makoma; zosankha zanu ndizochepa zomwe zingatheke. Ndipo mikangano yowona mtima imatha kuchitika pazomwe zingatheke, zomwe sindikanagwirizana ndi Sartre nthawi zonse. Kukambitsirana moona mtima kumatha kukhalapo pazomwe zili zanzeru ndi zabwino, zomwe ndikadatsutsana nazo kwambiri Sartre. Koma mkati mwa zomwe zingatheke, ine - ndi tanthawuzo lililonse laumunthu la "ife" - ndi 100% ndi udindo pa zosankha zathu, zabwino kapena zoipa, za ngongole ndi zolakwa.
Ndimatengera mfundo yaposachedwa kwambiri yabulogu ya Johnstone kukhala yoti anthu alibenso udindo “wothamangira ku chiwonongeko kudzera pa Armagedo ya nyukiliya kapena tsoka lachilengedwe” kuposa munthu yemwe amamwa heroin pofunafuna heroin. Kuyankha kwanga sikunena kuti wokonda heroin ali ndi udindo chifukwa adakopeka kapena chifukwa Sartre adatsimikizira ndi mawu ataliatali. Kuledzeretsa - kumlingo uliwonse zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zili mu mankhwala kapena mwa munthu - ndi zenizeni; ndipo ngakhale zikanakhala kuti sizinali choncho, zikhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi zenizeni chifukwa cha mkangano uwu womwe ndi fanizo chabe. Chodetsa nkhaŵa changa chiri ndi lingaliro lakuti anthu alibe ulamuliro pa khalidwe lake choncho alibe udindo pa izo, kapena monga Johnstone akunenera:
"Makhalidwe aumunthu nawonso amayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zopanda chidziwitso pagulu, koma m'malo mokhumudwa ndi ubwana wathu, tikukamba za mbiri yathu yonse yachisinthiko, komanso mbiri yachitukuko. . . . Ndizo zonse zoipa zomwe anthu amachita ndizo: zolakwika zomwe zidachitika chifukwa chosadziwa. . . . Chifukwa chake tonse ndife osalakwa, pamapeto pake. Izi ndizopanda pake patent. Anthu mwadala amasankha zolakwika nthawi zonse. Anthu amachita chifukwa cha umbombo kapena dyera. Ali ndi chisoni ndi manyazi. Choipa chilichonse sichichitika mosadziwa. Sindingathe kuona Johnstone akuchita china chilichonse kupatulapo kuseka chifukwa chakuti George W. Bush, Colin Powell, ndi gulu la zigawenga “saname modziŵa.” Osati kokha chifukwa chakuti tili nawo m’kaundula akunena kuti amadziŵa chowonadi, komanso chifukwa chakuti lingaliro lomwelo la kunama silikanakhalapo popanda chodabwitsa chonena zabodza mwadala.
Johnstone akufotokoza nkhani ya kukwera kwa "chitukuko" ngati kuti anthu onse anali tsopano ndipo akhala achikhalidwe chimodzi. Izi ndi zongopeka zotonthoza. Ndibwino kuyang'ana magulu amakono kapena a mbiri yakale omwe amakhala kapena amakhala mokhazikika kapena opanda nkhondo ndipo tiyerekeze kuti, kupatsidwa nthawi, adzachita chimodzimodzi ngati antchito a Pentagon. Ziri mu majini awo kapena chisinthiko chawo kapena chikomokere chawo chonse kapena chinachake. N’zoona kuti n’zotheka, koma n’zokayikitsa kwambiri ndipo sizigwirizana ndi umboni uliwonse. Chifukwa chowerengera Kuyamba kwa Chilichonse Wolemba David Graeber ndi David Wengrow sikuti anali ndi malingaliro abwino, koma kuti adapereka nkhani yayikulu - yomwe idapangidwa kale ndi Margaret Meade - kuti chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe komanso chosankha. Palibe ndandanda yodziwikiratu ya kupita patsogolo kuchokera ku zakale kupita ku zovuta, ufumu wa monarchy kupita ku demokalase, osamukasamuka kupita oyima mpaka osungira zida za nyukiliya. Mabungwe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, akuyenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kumbali zonse, kuchokera ku ang'onoang'ono kupita ku ang'onoang'ono, kuchokera ku ulamuliro waulamuliro kupita ku demokalase ndi demokalase kupita ku ulamuliro, kuchoka kumtendere kupita kunkhondo kupita kumtendere. Zakhala zazikulu ndi zovuta komanso zamtendere. Iwo akhala ang'ono, oyendayenda komanso okonda nkhondo. Palibe katchulidwe kakang'ono kapena chifukwa, chifukwa zisankho zachikhalidwe ndizosankha zomwe Mulungu kapena Marx kapena "anthu".
Mu chikhalidwe cha US, 4% iliyonse ya anthu imachita zolakwika si chifukwa cha 4% koma "chibadwa chaumunthu." Chifukwa chiyani US sangathe kuwononga nkhondo ngati dziko lachiwiri lomwe lili ndi zida zankhondo? Chikhalidwe chaumunthu! Chifukwa chiyani US sangakhale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa aliyense monga momwe mayiko ambiri alili? Chikhalidwe chaumunthu! Kuwonjeza zolakwika za chikhalidwe chimodzi, ngakhale chimodzi chokhala ndi Hollywood ndi 1,000 maziko akunja ndi IMF ndi Saint Volodymyr mu zolakwa za umunthu choncho palibe cholakwika cha aliyense chomwe sichiyenera kukhala ndi olemba mabulogu odana ndi mfumu.
Sitinafunikire kulola chikhalidwe chongowonjezera, chowononga, chowononga chilamulire dziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale chikhalidwe chochepa pang'ono mwanjira imeneyo sichikanapanga mkhalidwe wamakono wa ngozi ya nyukiliya ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Titha kusinthira ku chikhalidwe chanzeru, chokhazikika mawa. Ndithudi sizikanakhala zophweka. Ife amene tikufuna kuchita zimenezo tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu ponena za anthu oipa amene ali ndi ulamuliro ndi amene amamvetsera mabodza awo. Tikufuna olemba mabulogu ambiri ngati a Johnstone odzudzula ndikuwulula mabodza awo. Koma titha kuchita - palibe chotsimikizira kuti sitingathe - ndipo tiyenera kuyesetsa. Ndipo ndikudziwa kuti Johnstone amavomereza kuti tiyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Koma kuuza anthu kuti vuto si chikhalidwe, kuuza anthu zinthu zopanda pake zopanda maziko kuti ndi mmene zamoyo zonse zilili, sikuthandiza.
Potsutsana ndi kuthetsa nkhondo, munthu amathamangira ku lingaliro nthawi zonse kuti nkhondo ndi momwe anthu amachitira, ngakhale kuti mbiri yakale ndi mbiri yakale ya anthu ilibe chilichonse chofanana ndi nkhondo, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amachita chilichonse chimene angathe. kupeŵa nkhondo, ngakhale kuti madera ambiri apita zaka mazana ambiri opanda nkhondo.
Monga ena a ife timavutikira kulingalira dziko lopanda nkhondo kapena kupha, anthu ena adapeza zovuta kulingalira dziko lapansi ndi zinthu zimenezo. Mwamuna wina ku Malaysia, adafunsa chifukwa chake sakanatha kuwombera mfuti kwa akapolo, adayankha "Chifukwa chikanawapha." Iye sanathe kumvetsa kuti aliyense angasankhe kupha. N'zosavuta kumuganizira kuti akusowa malingaliro, koma ndi zophweka bwanji kuti tiganizire chikhalidwe chomwe palibe amene angasankhe kupha ndi nkhondo sizidziwika? Kaya ndi zophweka kapena zovuta kulingalira, kapena kulenga, izi ndizofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe osati za DNA.
Malinga ndi nthano, nkhondo ndi “yachibadwa.” Komabe kuwongolera kwakukulu kumafunika kukonzekeretsa anthu ambiri kumenya nawo nkhondo, ndipo kuvutika maganizo kwakukulu kuli kofala pakati pa omwe atenga nawo mbali. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, palibe munthu m'modzi yemwe amadziwika kuti adamva chisoni kwambiri ndi khalidwe labwino kapena kusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo pa nkhondo - kapena kukhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, kapena kukhala popanda nukes.
M'chiwonetsero cha Seville pa Zachiwawa (PDF), asayansi otsogola padziko lonse amatsutsa mfundo yakuti nkhanza zolinganiza anthu [mwachitsanzo nkhondo] zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zamoyo. Mawuwo adavomerezedwa ndi UNESCO. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakuwononga chilengedwe.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndikulakwitsa kuti kuuza anthu kuti aziimba mlandu mitundu yawo yonse, ndi mbiri yake ndi mbiri yakale, zimawalepheretsa kuchitapo kanthu. Tikukhulupirira kuti uwu ndi mkangano wopusa wamaphunziro. Koma ndikuwopa kwambiri kuti sichoncho, komanso kuti anthu ambiri - ngakhale Johnstone mwiniwake - omwe samapeza zifukwa zabwino mwa Mulungu kapena "waumulungu" amapeza chifukwa chothandizira chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo loipa potenga zolakwika za chikhalidwe chachikulu cha Azungu ndikuwaimba mlandu pazifuno zazikulu zomwe palibe aliyense amene angathe kuzilamulira.
Sindisamala ngati anthu amadziona kuti ndi osalakwa kapena olakwa. Ndilibe chidwi chofuna kupangitsa ena kapena ine ndekha kuchita manyazi. Ndikuganiza kuti zingakhale zopatsa mphamvu kudziwa kuti chisankho ndi chathu komanso kuti tili ndi mphamvu zambiri pazochitika kuposa omwe ali ndi mphamvu amafuna kuti tikhulupirire. Koma nthawi zambiri ndimafuna zochita ndi choonadi ndikuganiza kuti zitha kugwirira ntchito limodzi, ngakhale zitaphatikizana zitha kutimasula.
