Wolemba C Liegh McInnis, World BEYOND War, May 5, 2023
Zoperekedwa pa Meyi 4, 2023, Vietnam kupita ku Ukraine: Maphunziro a US Peace Movement Kukumbukira Kent State ndi Jackson State! Webinar yoyendetsedwa ndi Green Party Peace Action Committee; Peoples Network for Planet, Justice & Peace; ndi Green Party yaku Ohio
Jackson State University, monga ma HBCU ambiri, ndiye chithunzithunzi cha nkhondo yakuda yolimbana ndi utsamunda. Ngakhale ma HBCU ambiri adakhazikitsidwa panthawi yomanganso kapena atangomaliza kumene, adakhazikika muulamuliro wa atsamunda waku America wolekanitsa komanso kupezera ndalama anthu akuda ndi mabungwe akuda kuti asakhale ochulukirapo kuposa minda yomwe opondereza azungu amawongolera maphunziro. luntha lanzeru komanso kupita patsogolo kwachuma kwa anthu aku Africa America. Chitsanzo chimodzi cha izi ndi chakuti, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ma HBCU atatu a Mississippi - Jackson State, Alcorn, ndi Mississippi Valley - adayenera kulandira chilolezo kuchokera ku College College Board kuti aitanire oyankhula kusukulu. Nthawi zambiri, Jackson State analibe ufulu wosankha maphunziro ake. Komabe, chifukwa cha atsogoleri akuluakulu ndi maprofesa, monga Purezidenti wakale Dr. John A. Peoples, wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba mabuku Dr. Margaret Walker Alexander, ndi ena, Jackson State adatha kulepheretsa tsankho la maphunziro la Mississippi ndikukhala m'modzi mwa ma HBCU khumi ndi amodzi okha omwe adakwanitsa. Research Two status. M'malo mwake, Jackson State ndi wachiwiri wakale Research Two HBCU. Kuphatikiza apo, Jackson State inali gawo la zomwe ena amatcha Civil Rights Triangle monga JSU, Nyumba ya COFO, ndi ofesi ya Medgar Evers monga mutu wa Mississippi NAACP onse anali mumsewu womwewo, wozungulira wina ndi mzake, kupanga makona atatu. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pasukulu ya JSU, pali Nyumba ya COFO, yomwe idakhala likulu la Ufulu wa Chilimwe ndipo idakopa ophunzira ambiri a JSU ngati odzipereka. Ndipo, zowona, ophunzira ambiri a JSU anali mbali ya nthambi ya achinyamata ya NAACP chifukwa Evers adathandizira kwambiri kuwakonzekeretsa mu Movement. Koma, monga momwe mungaganizire, izi sizinakhale bwino ndi a White College Board ambiri kapena nyumba yamalamulo ya boma loyera, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke komanso kuzunzidwa kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi zomwe zidafika pachimake kuwomberana kwa 1970 komwe. a Mississippi National Guard adazungulira malowo ndipo a Mississippi Highway Patrol ndi a Jackson Police department adaguba kupita kusukuluko, kuwombera maulendo opitilira mazana anayi mchipinda chogona chachikazi, kuvulaza khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndikupha awiri: Phillip Lafayette Gibbs ndi James Earl Green.
Polumikiza chochitikachi ndi zokambirana zausiku uno, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti gulu la ophunzira a Jackson State linaphatikizapo asilikali angapo a ku Vietnam, monga abambo anga, a Claude McInnis, omwe adabwerera kunyumba ndikulembetsa ku koleji, otsimikiza kuti dzikolo likhazikitse zikhulupiriro zake za demokalase. anali kumenya nkhondo molakwika m’maiko akunja. Mofananamo, ine ndi atate wanga tinakakamizika kusankha pakati pa zoipa zocheperako za atsamunda. Iye sanalembedwe ku Vietnam. Bambo anga anakakamizika kulowa usilikali chifukwa mkulu wa apolisi mzungu anabwera kunyumba kwa agogo anga n’kuwauza kuti: “Ngati mwana wanu wamwamuna ameneyu wakhala nthawi yaitali, adzipeza kuti akuudziwa bwino mtengo.” Chifukwa cha zimenezi, agogo anga analowetsa bambo anga kulowa usilikali chifukwa ankaona kuti dziko la Vietnam likanakhala lotetezeka kuposa dera la Mississippi chifukwa, makamaka ku Vietnam, adzakhala ndi chida chodzitetezera. Zaka makumi awiri ndi ziŵiri pambuyo pake, ndinadzipeza kuti ndiyenera kuloŵa m’gulu la asilikali a Mississippi National Guard—gulu lankhondo lomwelo limene linachita nawo kupha anthu ku JSU—chifukwa chakuti ndinalibe njira ina yotsilizira maphunziro anga a ku koleji. Ichi ndi njira yopitilira ya anthu akuda kuti asankhe pakati pa zoyipa ziwiri kuti apulumuke. Komabe, atate anandiphunzitsa kuti, panthaŵi ina, moyo sungakhale wongosankha pakati pa zoipa ziŵiri zazing’ono ndi kuti munthu ayenera kukhala wololera kudzimana chilichonse kuti apange dziko limene anthu ali ndi zosankha zenizeni zimene zingatsogolere ku unzika wokwanira. zimawathandiza kukwaniritsa kuthekera kwa umunthu wawo. Izi ndi zomwe adachita poyambitsa nawo gulu la Vet Club, lomwe linali bungwe la Vietnam Vets omwe adagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe ena am'deralo ndi mabungwe a Black Nationalist kuti athandizire kumasulidwa kwa anthu aku Africa ku nkhanza za azungu. Izi zikuphatikiza kulondera mumsewu womwe udadutsa pa campus ya JSU kuwonetsetsa kuti oyendetsa magalimoto achizungu atsatira malire a liwiro chifukwa ophunzira nthawi zambiri amazunzidwa ndi ophunzira awiri akumenyedwa ndi oyendetsa azungu ndipo palibe mlandu uliwonse. Koma, ndikufuna ndimveke bwino. Usiku wa May 15, 1970, kuwombera, palibe chomwe chinachitika pa sukulupo chomwe chikanatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa malamulo. Panalibe msonkhano kapena zochita zandale za ophunzirawo. Chipolowe chokhacho chinali cha apolisi akumaloko kuukira ophunzira akuda osalakwa. Kuwombera kumeneko kunali kuukira kosasinthika ku Jackson State monga chizindikiro cha anthu akuda omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro kuti akhale odzilamulira. Ndipo kukhalapo kwa apolisi osafunikira pa sukulu ya Jackson State sikusiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa magulu ankhondo osafunikira ku Vietnam komanso kwina kulikonse magulu athu atumizidwa kuti akhazikitse kapena kusunga ulamuliro wa atsamunda waku America.
Kupitiliza ntchito ya abambo anga ndi ankhondo ena a Mississippi a Civil Rights Movement, ndagwira ntchito m'njira zitatu kuti ndiunikire mbiriyi, kuphunzitsa mbiriyi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbiriyi kulimbikitsa ena kuti akhale okangalika polimbana ndi kuponderezedwa kwamitundu yonse. Monga wolemba zaluso, ndafalitsa ndakatulo ndi nkhani zazifupi za kuukira kwa JSU mu 1970 ndi apolisi akumaloko komanso mbiri yakale komanso kulimbana kwa Jackson State. Monga wolemba nkhani, ndafalitsa nkhani zokhudzana ndi zomwe zidayambitsa komanso zotsatira za kuwukira kwa JSU mu 1970 komanso kulimbana komweku kwa bungweli polimbana ndi mfundo zokomera azungu. Monga mphunzitsi ku JSU, chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidandipangitsa kuti ndilembe zolemba za kalasi yanga ndi zolemba zinali "Kodi chinayambitsa chiwembu cha 1970 ku Jackson boma?" Chifukwa chake, ambiri mwa ophunzira anga adafufuza ndikulemba za mbiriyi. Ndipo, potsirizira pake, monga mphunzitsi, ndinali wokangalika ndikuchitira umboni m’nkhani ya feduro ya Ayers Case momwe ma HBCU atatu aku Mississippi adasumira boma chifukwa chakusalana ndalama. M'ntchito zanga zonse, makamaka monga wolemba kulenga, nthawi ya Vietnam ndi US Peace Movement andiphunzitsa zinthu zinayi. Chimodzi—kukhala chete ndi bwenzi la zoipa. Ndale ziwiri-zadziko, zapadziko lonse, ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi zimagwirizana ngati sizili zofanana, makamaka zokhudzana ndi nkhondo zomwe boma limapereka ndalama kuti liwonjezere ufumu wake m'malo mopereka ndalama zothandizira maphunziro, thanzi, ndi ntchito kuti apereke kufanana kwa nzika zake. Chachitatu-palibe njira yomwe boma lingachitire kapena kuchita zinthu zopanda chilungamo kunyumba kapena kunja ndikuwonedwa ngati bungwe lolungama. Ndipo, zinayi—pokhapo pamene anthu akumbukira kuti iwo ndi boma komanso kuti akuluakulu osankhidwa amawagwirira ntchito m’pamene tidzatha kusankha oyimilira ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zolimbikitsa mtendere osati utsamunda. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito maphunzirowa ngati chitsogozo cholemba ndi kuphunzitsa kuti ndiwonetsetse kuti ntchito yanga ikhoza kupereka chidziwitso ndi chilimbikitso kwa ena kuti athandize kumanga dziko lamtendere komanso lopindulitsa. Ndipo, ndikukuthokozani chifukwa chokhala nane.
McInnis ndi ndakatulo, wolemba nkhani zazifupi, komanso mlangizi wopuma pantchito wa Chingerezi ku Jackson State University, mkonzi wakale / wofalitsa Black Magnolias Literary Journal, komanso wolemba mabuku asanu ndi atatu, kuphatikiza ndakatulo zinayi, gulu limodzi la zopeka zazifupi (Scripts). : Sketches and Tales of Urban Mississippi), ntchito imodzi yotsutsa zolembalemba (The Lyrics of Prince: A Literary Look at a Creative, Musical Poet, Philosopher, and Storyteller), ntchito imodzi yolembedwa, Mbale Hollis: The Sankofa of a Movement Munthu, yemwe amakambirana za moyo wa chithunzi cha Mississippi Civil Rights, komanso Wopambana Woyamba wa Amiri Baraka/Sonia Sanchez Poetry Award mothandizidwa ndi North Carolina State A&T. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito yake idasindikizidwa m'mabuku ndi zolemba zambiri, kuphatikiza Obsidian, Tribes, Konch, Down to the Dark River, anthology ya ndakatulo za Mtsinje wa Mississippi, ndi Black Hollywood Unchained, yomwe ndi nthano yankhani zonena za Hollywood. African American.
