Momwe Australia Imapitira ku Nkhondo

Wolemba Alison Broinowski, Declassified Australia, March 19, 2022

Ndizosavuta kuti maboma aku Australia atumize Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo kunkhondo kuposa momwe zilili kuti tipewe izi. Iwo akhoza kuchita izo kachiwiri, posachedwa.

Ndizofanana nthawi zonse. Maboma athu amazindikira 'chiwopsezo' mothandizidwa ndi a Anglo-allies, omwe amatchula dziko la adani, ndiyeno amachitira ziwanda mtsogoleri wawo wamisala, wopondereza. Makanema odziwika bwino amalowa nawo, makamaka kuthandiza omwe akuponderezedwa ndi boma. Chochitika chimakwiyitsidwa, kuyitanitsa kopangidwa mwadala. Prime Minister akuganiza kuti ndi ntchito yake yodekha, koma amavomereza nkhondo, ndipo timapita. Anthu ochita zionetsero amanyalanyazidwa, komanso malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.

Anthu ambiri a ku Australia tsopano azindikira chitsanzocho, ndipo sachikonda. Kuvota kwa Roy Morgan mu 2020 apezeka 83 peresenti ya anthu aku Australia ankafuna kusintha momwe Australia amapitira kunkhondo. Mu 2021 mtolankhani Mike Smith apezeka 87 peresenti ya anthu omwe adafunsidwa adathandizira a Greens ' bilu yokonzanso.

Palibe nthawi yabwino kuposa pano yoti mugwiritse ntchito kudziletsa kwa demokalase kwa atsogoleri ankhondo, mungaganize. Chabwino, ayi. Andale a Federal omwe adayankha mafunso chaka chino ndi chatha za mlandu kusintha akhala wogawana.

Mwachidziwikire, pafupifupi mamembala onse a Coalition amatsutsa kusintha mphamvu zankhondo, komanso atsogoleri angapo a Labor, pomwe ena akukayikira. The atsogoleri akale komanso apano akutsutsa, Bill Shorten ndi Anthony Albanese, adafunsidwa, koma sanayankhe, ngakhale kuti ALP yavotera kawiri kuti afufuze momwe Australia imapitira kunkhondo mu nthawi yake yoyamba mu boma.

Vuto limeneli si la Australia lokha. Kuyambira m'ma 1980, andale aku America ndi aku Britain akhala akuyesera kusintha maulamuliro ankhondo omwe amalimbikitsa Ufulu Wachifumu wazaka mazana apitawa, kupereka luntha lamtendere ndi nkhondo kwa purezidenti kapena nduna yayikulu.

Canada ndi New Zealand, okhala ndi Malamulo ngati aku Australia, adazemba nkhaniyi popewa nkhondo zaposachedwa (ngakhale zidakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo ya Afghanistan 9/11). Prime Minister waku New Zealand Ardern anakana kukambirana zakusintha mphamvu zankhondo ndi bungwe langa, Anthu aku Australia pakusintha kwa mphamvu za nkhondo. Britain, yopanda Constitution yolembedwa, idatero kuyesera kwa zaka zambiri kukhazikitsa malamulo pamsonkhano womwe ukuyembekeza kuti Prime Minister atenge lingaliro lankhondo ku a Commons, osapambana.

Atsogoleri aku US omwe asankha kumenya nkhondo akuyenera kufunsa Congress kuti ivomereze ndalamazo. Congress nthawi zambiri imatero chaka ndi chaka, kuyika zinthu zochepa. Zina 'zadzidzidzi' zilolezo zankhondo (AUMF) ali ndi zaka zopitilira 20.

Kwazaka makumi awiri kuchokera ku 2001, AUMF yotetezedwa ndi George W. Bush ku Afghanistan yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokozera ntchito zolimbana ndi zigawenga, kuwukira, kumenya nkhondo pansi, kumenyedwa kwa ndege ndi drone, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, kutsekeredwa m'mabwalo, ndi makontrakitala m'mayiko 22. , malinga ndi Mtengo wa War Project. Kuyeserera kobwerezabwereza kwa Democrat ndi Republican congresspeople - posachedwa chaka chino - sikungathe kusonkhanitsa thandizo lokwanira kuti lidutse.

Maboma aku Australia ndi omwe ali ndi udindo woteteza kontinenti yathu, koma ndikudzigonjetsera tokha kuti tilowe nawo nkhondo zothamangira ndikuyambitsa mayiko amphamvu. Ambiri aku Australia omwe adayankha kufukufuku waposachedwa wa 'Costs of War' wopangidwa ndi a Independent ndi Wamtendere Australia Network (IPAN) amavomerezana ndi Prime Minister wakale waku Australia Malcolm Fraser kuti a zoopsa kwambiri ku Australia ndi maziko a US ndi Mgwirizano wa ANZUS yokha.

Zomwe zaperekedwa ku IPAN ndizogwirizana: anthu ambiri aku Australia akufuna kusintha kwa demokalase kwa maulamuliro ankhondo, kuwunikanso kwa ANZUS, kusalowerera ndale kapena zida, komanso obwereza ku diplomacy ndi kudzidalira ku Australia.

Nanga ndi chiyani chomwe chimalepheretsa Australia kukonzanso mphamvu zankhondo? Kodi ziyenera kukhala zovuta chonchi?

Ambiri a ife, ndithudi, sitiganizira za momwe timapitira kunkhondo mpaka nthawi itatha. Nkhawa zopikisana - katangale m'boma, kutentha kwanyengo, mtengo wamoyo, ndi zina zambiri - zimayika patsogolo.

Ena ali ndi chidaliro kuti ANZUS imakakamiza US kuteteza Australia, zomwe sizitero. Ena - kuphatikiza andale ambiri - akuda nkhawa ndi momwe tingachitire ndi ngozi yankhondo. Mwachidziŵikire, uku kukakhala kudzitetezera koyenera poukiridwa, kumene malamulo amphamvu zankhondo angapereke, monga momwe amachitira m’maiko ambiri.

Chodetsa nkhawa china ndikuti andale 'avotere mzere wachipani', kapena 'unpresentative swill' mu Senate kapena odziyimira pawokha pamabenchi amatha kukhala ndi njira yawo. Koma onse ndi oimira athu osankhidwa, ndipo ngati chiwongolero cha boma cha nkhondo chiri pafupi kwambiri kuti chipambane, ndiye kuti mlandu wa demokarasi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri.

Palibe amene adayesa kusintha Constitution, yomwe imangopereka mphamvu zankhondo kwa Bwanamkubwa wamkulu. Koma kwa zaka 37, aku Australia akhala akufuna kusintha kwa Defense Act. Ma Democrat aku Australia adayesa mu 1985 ndi 2003, ndipo a Greens adayambitsa izi mu 2008, 2016, ndipo posachedwa 2021. Anthu aku Australia pakusintha kwa mphamvu za nkhondo, gulu losagwirizana ndi zigawenga lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 2012, posachedwapa lathandizira khama ndi zomwe adapereka ku Nyumba Yamalamulo, kupanga chisankho. Apilo Ankhondo Ankhondo, ndi kulimbikitsa chidwi pakati pa anthu 23 omwe angosankhidwa kumene.

Andale amakonda kulemekeza nkhondo zathu. Koma palibe nkhondo imodzi isanafike 1941 kapena kuyambira pamenepo yomwe idamenyedwa poteteza Australia. Palibe nkhondo yathu imodzi kuyambira 1945 - Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria - yatipambana ife kapena ogwirizana nawo. Aliyense watiwononga ngati dziko.

Palibe boma la Australia kuyambira pomwe a Gough Whitlam m'ma 1970 adatsutsa kwambiri Alliance. Prime Minister aliyense kuyambira 1975 waphunzira kupanga mfundo zake zakunja ndi chitetezo kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zikuwonjezeka za US hegemony. Asilikali athu tsopano akugwirizana kwambiri ndi US kotero kuti zidzakhala zovuta kuchotsa Australia ku nkhondo yotsatira, kupatula ndi chisankho cha Nyumba yamalamulo pasadakhale.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa 1990s, Australia yapanga adani ambiri, ndi mabwenzi ochepa. Mbiri yathu monga nzika yabwino yapadziko lonse lapansi yatayidwa, ndipo ndi kudzinenera kwathu mobwerezabwereza 'kuchita zomwe timanena' pamisonkhano yamayiko osiyanasiyana. Pa nthawiyo, tachepetsa ntchito yathu yotumikira m’mayiko ena ndipo tachepetsa mphamvu zathu pa ukazembe. The 'diplomatic deficit' kunyozedwa ndi Lowy Institute ku 2008 ndizoyipa kwambiri tsopano. Kutayika kwa udindo waukazembe kungatenge zaka kuti kubwezeretsedwe, ngakhale maboma atakhala ndi cholinga choyika patsogolo kukhazikitsa mtendere asanakonzekere nkhondo.

Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria: Mbiri yaku Australia imadzinenera yokha. Ndizoipa mokwanira kuwerengera kutayika kwa magazi ndi chuma, kunyalanyaza zomwe Australia adalonjeza potsutsa kuopseza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, pansi pa Charter ya UN ndi Pangano la ANZUS. Tsopano, cholowa cha chidani m'mayiko omwe takhala tikumenyana nawo m'zaka za zana lino ndi chizindikiro chomwe takhala tiri.

Monga momwe nkhondo ya ku Ukraine imatiwonetsera, mikangano imatha kuyambika mosavuta. Monga chiopsezo cha a nkhondo yoyambika ndi China ikakwera, ino ndi nthawi yokonzanso mphamvu zankhondo, ndikuchita zina zambiri.

Pokhapokha posintha mwachangu malamulo athu akunja ndi chitetezo pomwe dziko la Australia lingayembekezere kukonza dziko lapansi.

Dr Alison Broinowski AM ndi kazembe wakale waku Australia, wophunzira komanso wolemba. Mabuku ake ndi zolemba zake zimakhudzana ndi machitidwe a Australia ndi dziko lapansi. Iye ndi Purezidenti wa Anthu aku Australia pakusintha kwa mphamvu za nkhondo.