'Honk for Humane Jobs': NC Activists Challenge Subsidies for Weapons Maker

ndi Taylor Barnes, Statecraft Yabwino, July 23, 2021

Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa limodzi ndi Facing South.

Loweruka m'mawa lotentha mu Meyi, gulu la owonetserako adasonkhana pabwalo la anthu ku Asheville, North Carolina, chifukwa cha opanga malamulo omwe samachita ziwonetsero nthawi zambiri akamanyengerera kuti adzagawire gawo lalikulu lankhondo laku United States kuti likhale amakhala mdera lawo. Olemba zachilengedwe, omenyera nkhondo, omenyera ufulu wawo pachuma amatchedwa Reject Raytheon AVL, yemwe amatchulidwa ku Raytheon Technologies ku Massachusetts, dziko lapansi chachiwiri chachikulu wopanga zida. Gawo la kampaniyo, Pratt & Whitney, likumanga makina opanga injini mumzinda wawo, ndipo otsutsawo akutsutsa mamiliyoni a madola azinthu zomwe maboma awo ndi maboma apereka kwa Raytheon, ponena kuti ndalamazo ziyenera kuthandizira ntchito zobiriwira.

Otsutsawo, kuphatikiza anthu pafupifupi 50 ndi agalu atatu, adayenda ma mailosi asanu ndi anayi kupita kumalo obzala mtsogolo - chiwonetsero chodabwitsa chokana mdera kwa azaka makumi malonda zomwe zimakhazikitsa zida zankhondo zaku US mderalo mdziko lonse: kuti machitidwe ndi kuwonongera ndalama zaboma ziyenera kunyalanyazidwa posinthana ndi ntchito.

"Ndatopa ndi kuyesa kutitseka ndikutiuza kuti tiyenera kukhala othokoza chifukwa cha ntchito iliyonse yomwe angatipatse mokoma mtima," a Jenny Andry, mphunzitsi wakomweko, adati pamsonkhano wapanjira. "Anthu omwe akukwera pabedi limodzi ndi mbalame zankhondo zankhondo mobwerezabwereza amavomereza kuti ntchito zovulaza ngati izi zachitika."

Kanani mkwiyo wa Raytheon AVL wachikulire m'masabata aposachedwa, monga anachitira Asitikali A Israeli anagwiritsa ntchito ndege za F-35 - komwe chomera cha Asheville chithandizira - pantchito yowononga bomba yophulitsa Gaza Strip yomwe idachoka Anthu a 256 amwalira, kuphatikiza azimayi ndi ana oposa 100, pomwe 12 anthukuphatikizapo ana awiri, anaphedwa ku Israel pa nthawi ya nkhondoyi. Pakadali pano, akuluakulu aku Buncombe County, komwe Asheville amakhala, adavomerezanso ndalama zina zothandizira chomera cha Raytheon, nthawi ino kuti amange malo ophunzitsira ogwira ntchito pafupi ndi malowo, omwe ndi gawo la zopereka kuchokera kwa oyang'anira komanso mwininyumba payokha yomwe ikuyandikira $ 100 miliyoni pamtengo, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South.

Pomwe olimbikitsira ndalamazi akuti abweretsa ntchito 800 ndi malipiro apakatikati, kuwunika kwa Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South kudapeza mavuto ndi lonjezoli, kuphatikiza kutayika kwa ntchito mazana patatha zaka khumi, kuyimira kopanda mphotho komwe kungachitike onjezerani ndalama zomwe ogwira ntchito angayembekezere kupeza, komanso chinsinsi chomwe chabisala ngati zopereka zofananira kwina kulikonse zidaperekedwa pempho lantchito. Ndipo mgwirizanowu ukhoza kukhala wocheperako pakupanga ntchito kuposa kuwasuntha: Mgwirizano ku Connecticut, komwe Pratt & Whitney amakhala ndipo mamembala awo amachita ntchito zofananira ndi zomwe zakonzedwa ku Asheville, anachenjezedwa kuti chomera chatsopano chikhoza kuyambitsa kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa iwo. Achipulotesitanti ati iyi si kampani yomwe imayenera kulandira chithandizo kuchokera kwa maboma akomweko.

Akuluakulu oyang'anira zachuma ku County komanso pachuma adasainanso mapangano osafotokozeredwa pokambirana za ndalama zothandizira, ndipo chinsinsi chomwe chimatsatira chimakondera mabungwe ndipo zimapangitsa zovuta kukhala zowunika. Zolemba zomwe Detonsible Statecraft ndi Facing South zikuwonetsa zikuwonetsa kuti dera loyandikana ndi lomwe limapereka ndalama zofananira dzuwa zomwe zimalipira malipiro ofanana, zomwe zidasainidwa nthawi yonse yomwe mgwirizano wa Raytheon udutsa, zidawononga ndalama zochepa kuti zikope ntchito iliyonse ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zikuphatikiza chitetezo champhamvu pantchito.

Pangano la Asheville Raytheon likuwunikira kukhazikika kwa malo azankhondo m'makampani aku US kudzera pakupanga magulu otchedwa chitetezo omwe amadalira kugwiritsa ntchito nkhondo pazachuma chawo. United States imagwiritsa ntchito theka la ndalama zake zankhondo zankhondo, ndikuwononga madera ena omwe angaike patsogolo, monga zaumoyo, maphunziro, ndi zokambirana. Bajeti yake ndi kuposa asitikali 10 otsatira ophatikizana. F-35, ndege yankhondo yomenyera zaka makumi awiri yomwe yakhala ndi mavuto, yakhala chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwamagulu ankhondo. Mtengo wake woyerekeza uli anaphimbidwa mpaka $ 1.7 trilioni, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale pulogalamu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri m'mbiri ya US, ngakhale idapeza ena Zolakwika za 871 zolembedwa kuyambira Januware 2021. Rep. Adam Smith, wapampando wa House Armed Services Committee, posachedwa adatcha F-35 "chimbalangondo" cha ndalama za okhometsa misonkho ndipo adati boma "lichepetsa zomwe tawononga."

Kubzala ndalama zochulukirapo kudera lotentha la North Carolina ndi njira ina yosavuta yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zaboma kuti apange ntchito zankhondo. North Carolina amakhala wachiwiri mdziko lino kuti apange mibadwo ya dzuwa, ndipo pali malo ambiri oti akule: Malinga ndi Federal Energy Information Administration, mphamvu ya dzuwa idangopereka pafupifupi 6% yokha m'boma la 2019, ndipo North Carolina imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowirikiza kanayi kuposa momwe imapangira. EIA idanenanso kuti gombe la Atlantic lingakhale labwino kuminda yam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Chaka chatha, boma lomwelo la Buncombe lomwe lidavomereza thandizo la Raytheon adavomereza ntchito kukhazikitsa mphamvu yadzuwa pamasamba pafupifupi nyumba za anthu 45, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya dzuwa yomwe idapangidwapo ndi boma ku North Carolina. Poopa kuti fakitale yatsopanoyo ibwezeretsa kusintha kobiriwira kumudzi kwawo pomangirira chuma cha nkhondo, omenyera ufulu wa Asheville akuchenjeza za "kufutukuka ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa magulu ankhondo," malinga ndi oyendetsa msonkhano Said Abdallah.

"Sitikufuna poizoni m'boma lathu," adatero.

Mpikisano wofika pansi

Pamagwirizano womwe umakhudza zovuta zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugulitsa zida zankhondo, kupanga ntchito, komanso bajeti za maboma am'deralo, anthu a Asheville anali ndi ola limodzi lokha Novembala watha kuti athe kupereka.

Mgwirizanowu udagwiridwa kuyambira kasupe wa 2019, pomwe nthumwi za ku North Carolina zimapita ku Paris Air Show kukakumana ndi akuluakulu a Pratt & Whitney, malinga ndi tsatanetsatane lipoti mu Mphezi ya Hendersonville. Ku Asheville, panthawiyi, kampani ya Biltmore Farms LLC, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi mwininyumba komanso mdzukulu wa Vanderbilt a John "Jack" Cecil, adauza akuluakulu azachuma kuti kampaniyo ikufuna kusintha malo ambiri okhala ndi nkhalango m'munsi mwa mapiri a Blue Ridge kukhala malo osungira mafakitale.

Zokambiranazi zikamapita patsogolo, oyang'anira madera komanso otukuka azachuma amayenera kusaina mapangano osafotokozera, zomwe a Commissioner Al Whitesides anganene kuti ndizofunikira chifukwa kufalitsa kumatha kupangitsa kuti eni malo akweze mitengo yawo mabizinesi omwe akuyembekezeredwa. Koma Biltmore Farms idapereka mahekitala 100 kwa Raytheon pa $ 1, mtengo wamalo ukuyembekezeka kukwera modabwitsa chifukwa chakukonzanso zomangamanga pagulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma NDA kukambirana za zolimbikitsa zachuma kuti akope makampani akuluakulu monga Raytheon, kampani ya Fortune 100, ndi "chizolowezi chachikulu, ndipo ndichinyengo chokha," atero a Pat Garofalo, wolemba "The Billionaire Boondoggle: Momwe Atsogoleri Athu Amaloleza Mabungwe ndi Bigwigs Amaba Ndalama Zathu ndi Ntchito ”komanso woyang'anira boma ndi mfundo zakomweko ku anti-monopoly American Economic Liberties Project.

Opanga malamulo m'maboma awiri, New York City ndi Illinois, apanga lamuloli kuti kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma NDA pa chitukuko cha zachuma chifukwa amathandizira mpikisano mpaka kumapeto pomwe madera amalimbirana wina ndi mnzake kuti athetse mwayi wamabizinesi. "Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zizichitika mwachangu komanso mwachinsinsi chifukwa anthu akamayankhula zambiri, amakhala atagonjetsedwa," adatero Garofalo.

Ku Asheville, chinsinsicho chimatanthauza kuti anthu amangodziwa zamgululi kuchokera ku cholengeza munkhani kumapeto kwa Okutobala chaka chatha, kuwasiya akutanganidwa kuti aphunzire zambiri asanamve pagulu pa Novembala 17. Msonkhano Zinali zovuta, pomwe maofesi akutali adakhala chete kuseri kwa chipinda chakuwala pomwe anthu okhala m'nyumba zawo amatenga nawo gawo pafupifupi, akuwonera chiwonetsero chazomwe zikuchitika pamgwirizano wamakampani ndi oyang'anira maboma pomwe akudikirira nthawi yawo.

Tcheyamani atatsegulira msonkhanowu pagulu, adapatsa mutu woyamba chipwirikiti chomwe chidabwera, ndikuwona kuti pali "anthu ambiri" omwe akufuna kukhala ndi mawu.

"Izi mwina zitenga kanthawi," adaonjeza.

Ndipo okhalamo adaonetsetsa kuti zatero, ngakhale anali ndi mipata yolankhulira mphindi zitatu zokha.

Ambiri adakwiya ndi nkhondo yomwe idatsogozedwa ndi Saudi Arabia ku Yemen, komwe ofufuza adachita apezeka Zida zopangidwa ndi US za Raytheon m'malo ophulitsa bomba komwe anthu wamba ndi ana adaphedwa. Veronica Coit, wolemba tsitsi wakomweko, adafunsa otsogolerawo momwe angamvere ngati, pankhondo ina mtsogolo, "pakati pa ana ophedwa ndi anthu wamba akumwalira m'misewu, wojambula zithunzi wina apezanso dzina lina, koma nthawi ino akuti 'adapangidwa ku Asheville, North Carolina? '”Oyankhula ambiri adakhumudwitsidwanso ndi zomwe adawona kuti zikudumphadumpha ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi mapangano aboma omwe akufunanso ndalama zaboma kuchokera kuboma.

"Monga wokhometsa msonkho waku America, ndagawana kale gawo limodzi la malipiro anga ndi a Raytheon," atero aphunzitsi a Andry. "Ndikutsutsa mwamphamvu kugawana nawo nyumba yanga."

Wophunzira m'modzi adafunsa ngati oyang'anira bungweli angakambiranenso za mgwirizano womwe fakitoleyo idangopanga zankhondo zankhondo wamba, zomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la bizinesi ya Pratt & Whitney yomwe mbewuyo iperekapo. Koma bungweli lidafuna kuvota pamgwirizanowu womwe udaperekedwa msonkhano usanathe, chifukwa chake kukonzanso sikunali kulingalira.

Ena adadandaulira kwambiri chikumbumtima cha omwe adasankhidwa. A David Pudlo, omwe ndi akatswiri pakampani yoyimitsa dzuwa, analankhula ndi a Commissioner Jasmine Beach-Ferrara, m'busa komanso woimira ufulu wa LGBTQ wopikisana ndi Congress ngati Democrat motsutsana ndi Rep. Madison Cawthorn. “Kodi Yesu akanatani?” Pudlo anafunsa. "Zikuwonekeratu kuti sakathandizana ndi ogulitsa zida."

Onse pamodzi, anthu 21 adalankhula pamsonkhanowu, ndipo onse koma m'modzi adatsutsa mgwirizanowu. Ma Commissioner - ma Democrat asanu ndi m'modzi ndi Republican m'modzi - adavomereza chimodzi.

Kuyang'ana otsutsa?

Chomera cha Pratt & Whitney chimawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu pachuma cha Asheville. Phukusi la ndalama za $ 27 miliyoni lomwe lidasainidwa pakati pa Raytheon ndi Buncombe County, lokonzedwa ngati ndalama zoperekedwa ku kampaniyo ngati itapanga "zoyesayesa zabwino" pokwaniritsa ntchito ndikubweretsa ndalama, ndiye mgwirizano waukulu kwambiri m'bomalo womwe wasayina mzaka khumi, malinga ndi mndandanda watsatanetsatane wamipangano yolimbikitsira boma la boma lidapereka Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South. Pangano la Pratt & Whitney likuyimira 42% ya ndalama zonse zopangidwa ndi County kuti alimbikitse ntchito panthawiyi.

Kanani Raytheon AVL idapangidwa ndi anthu omwe adakumana ngati mawu opanda mawu pakumvera koyamba pagulu kukambirana za mgwirizano. Ngakhale msonkhanowu udalimbitsa kulowa kwa a Raytheon ku Asheville mothandizidwa ndi okhometsa misonkho, gululi lidafuna kufalitsa zakusavomerezeka kwawo ndikulankhulanso lingaliro lalikulu lomwe mamembala ake osiyanasiyana adagwirizana pozungulira: kuti kupanga ntchito ndicholinga chabwino kwa opanga mfundo koma pali njira zabwino zopindulira.

Kafukufuku wochokera kwa katswiri wazachuma Heidi Peltier ku Boston University's Costs of War Project amawathandiza: Malinga ndi kuwerengera kwake, pafupifupi ndalama zilizonse zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito - pazachipatala, mphamvu zobiriwira, kapena maphunziro - zimapanga ntchito zambiri kuposa zida zankhondo, mwa zina chifukwa zida ndizofunika kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti ndalama zochepa zimangopita kumalipiro.

M'miyezi kuyambira pomwe Buncombe idavomereza mgwirizanowu, Otsutsa a Raytheon AVL asanduka chakudya chofunikira m'misewu ya Asheville, akuchita ziwonetsero pamalowo ndi zikwangwani ngati "Honk pantchito zaumunthu" ndikupempha akuluakulu aboma nthawi iliyonse yomwe angathe, monga pa Meyi kukumana ovomerezeka $ 5 miliyoni yowonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga malo ophunzitsira antchito a Pratt & Whitney.

Gululi likukhulupirira kuti ntchito zake zidayang'aniridwa. Pachionetsero cha Marichi ku Asheville's Chamber of Commerce, mwachitsanzo, Mamembala a Reject Raytheon AVL adawona bambo ali mgalimoto yakuda akuwajambula. Iwo anajambula chithunzi cha mbale yake ya layisensi ndikuyang'ana kwa Cody Muse, wofufuza payekha wololedwa. Atafika pafoni, Muse adayankha zomwe zanenedwa ponena kuti "sindimayankhula chilichonse ndi mtolankhani aliyense" asadadule. Sanayankhe pempho lowonjezerapo kuti afotokoze zonena zawo zotumizidwa kudzera pa LinkedIn.

Kenako mu Epulo, a Ken Jones, pulofesa wopuma pantchito komanso mnzake wa Veterans for Peace yemwe adatenga nawo mbali pazionetserozo, anali kuyenda pamalo obzala mtsogolo pomwe adawona mlonda yemwe akuwoneka kuti amamujambula. A Jones anati mlondayo adamuyitana pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lake lonse, Kenneth, ndipo dzina lapakatikati sagwiritsa ntchito pagulu. Zomwe zidachitikazo zidamupangitsa kukayikira kuti mlondayo adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wodziwa nkhope kuti amudziwe mu database.

Palibe Biltmore Farms LLC, kampani yomwe idapereka malo kwa a Raytheon, kapena omwe amalankhula ndi a Pratt & Whitney sanayankhe zopempha zingapo kuti afotokozere ngati agwira ntchito Muse kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonera otsutsawo.

Izi zidasokonekera komanso zidalimbikitsanso omenyera ufuluwo, omwe akuwona kampeni yawo ngati yomwe ingachitike kwa zaka zambiri. Amalumikizana ndi magulu ena am'munsi mozungulira kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa South - dera lomwe zimapereka olemba ntchito ambiri gulu lankhondo lomwe lili pafupi ndi anthu ake ndipo ndi kwawo kwa malo akuluakulu ankhondo aku US ku Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Ku Huntsville, Alabama, likulu la omanga zachitetezo otchedwa "Pentagon of the South," omenyera nkhondo amalimbana sabata iliyonse "Pakona Yamtendere”Kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri. Ku Texas, boma lomwe gawo lachitatu muzochita zankhondo, a gulu ya azimayi ophunzira ku Austin posachedwapa adalemba lipoti lofotokoza opanga zida ku University of Texas dongosolo la zopempha ndikupempha boma la ophunzira kuti lipereke chigamulo chotsutsana. Kampeniyo idalimbikitsa potsutsa-pempho ndi ophunzira ena opitilira 150 a UT, makamaka aukadaulo, omwe ati chigamulochi chingaike pachiwopsezo mwayi wawo wogwira ntchito ndi makontrakitala ankhondo.

Pa chionetsero cha Raytheon chomwe chidachitikira ku Asheville mu Meyi, owonetsa ziwonetsero adakumana ndi ma beep oyendetsa galimoto ndipo okwera ndege amatenga timapepala tawo mwachidwi, ngakhale ochepa adaponya zala zawo zapakati ndipo woyendetsa wina adakuwa, "Opusa inu!" Bob Brown, wosamalira ndipo wolemba ku Vietnam yemwe adanyamula mbendera yayikulu ya Veterans for Peace, adalimbikitsidwa ndi zomwe adawona kuti zikuchulukirachulukira zankhondo zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zomwe wakhala akuchita kwa zaka makumi asanu. "Gulu ili ndichinthu chatsopano," adatero. "Ndakhala ndikuchita izi kuyambira zaka za Vietnam, ndipo sitinawonepo thandizo lalikulu la anthu."

Kufunsa 'zoyeserera zabwino'

Pamtima paphokoso ku Asheville ndi zomwe mgwirizano ukuchitika zowonjezera alengeza ngati ntchito 800 ndi malipiro apakati a $ 68,000. Ntchito zokopa alendo ndizofunikira kwambiri mzindawu, pomwe mapiri a Blue Ridge amapereka malo ambiri okondwerera maukwati, masewera akunja, komanso tchuthi. Koma ntchito zothandizira pantchito yochereza alendo sizimapereka mphotho zopezeka mlengalenga ndi chitetezo. Peltier, katswiri wazachuma ku Boston University, anati kusiyanaku ndi "malipiro apamwamba”Zimatheka chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi boma ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimathandiza omanga usilikali kulipira bwino kuposa olemba anzawo ntchito.

Kupotoza kwapadera kwa Asheville, a dontho la buluu m'chigawo chofiira chomwe chidavotera a Donald Trump, ngakhale mamembala ena a Democratic County Commission akuti akugawana nkhawa zomwe otsutsawo akuchita pokhudzana ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa US kunkhondo zakunja ndi bajeti yake yankhondo.

"Ndidachoka pamtondo tsiku lina ndipo ndinali ndikugwira ntchito yankhondo patadutsa milungu iwiri," Commissioner Whitesides adati pamsonkhano wa Novembala, pokumbukira zaka zake zazing'ono. Omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, wogwira ntchito kubanki, komanso msirikali wakale waku Vietnam ndiye yekhayo membala wakuda ku Commission, ndipo adati kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mafuko ku Asheville ndikufunika kopanga zomwe amati ndi "kusintha kwa mibadwo" kukweza msika wantchito zam'deralo zidamupangitsa kuti athandizire mgwirizano wa Raytheon.

"Monga nonse a inu pano, ndalimbana ndi izi," a Whitesides adati, "koma ndidayesa zomwe zikhala zabwino mdera lathu, zomwe zikhala zabwino kwambiri kwa ana anu."

Koma kuwunikiridwa bwino kwa mgwirizanowu kukuwonetsa kuti ambiri ogwira ntchito pakampaniyo azilandira ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa malipiro wamba. Zimanenanso kuti ntchito zotsatsa 800 - ngati zingafikire nambala imeneyo - zitha kuchepa mwachangu.

Mgwirizano inayinidwa pakati pa Buncombe County ndi Pratt & Whitney amatanthauza kampaniyo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito "zoyesayesa zabwino" kuti ipange ntchito zowonjezerapo 750 panthawi "yolimbikitsana" pakati pa 2021 ndi 2029, ndi bonasi yowonjezera yomwe idaperekedwa ngati apanganso 50 enanso. Pambuyo pa 2029, kuchuluka kwa ntchito "zosungidwa" kenako kutsikira ku 525 kwazaka zinayi.

Poyankha mafunso ochokera ku Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South, a Tim Love, director of intergovernmental Affairs for Buncombe County, anakana kuti kusiyana pakati pa manambala kukutanthauza kuti mgwirizanowu uphatikizira ntchito zomanga kwakanthawi za 275. Wapampando wa County Commission a Brownie Newman ati chiwerengero chotsikacho mu 2030 ndichifukwa chakuti "mukamapita mtsogolo, simukayika konse zakukonzekera bizinesi." Newman adanenanso kuti chilankhulo cha "zoyesayesa zabwino" sichingachotse kampaniyo pacholinga chofuna kupeza ntchito, ndikuti ndalama zolipirira zidzasinthidwa ngati zingachitike pang'ono. Garofalo, mlembi wa bukuli wonena za mapangano otukuka pachuma, adati kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito mu 2030 kukuwoneka ngati "chilolezo chosiya ntchito" Pratt & Whitney sanayankhe pama foni angapo komanso maimelo omwe amafunsidwa kuti apereke ndemanga pazomwe amapanga.

Ponena za malipiro a ogwira ntchito, mgwirizanowu umafuna kuti a Pratt & Whitney azilipira avareji ya $ 68,000 kwa omwe amawagwirira ntchito. Koma avareji imatha kusokonekera chifukwa cha malipiro ochepa pamwamba, kotero kuwunika malipiro apakatikati m'malo mwake - kuwongolera ogwira ntchito kuti athe kulipira ndikuyang'ana yemwe ali pakati - zitha kuwonetsa bwino momwe ntchitoyo imakhudzira ogwira ntchito wamba. . Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito zachitetezo, popeza kafukufuku wolemba Stephen Semler ku Security Policy Reform Institute akuwonetsa izi perekani zosiyana ndichizolowezi pamakontrakitala achitetezo ngati Raytheon, yemwe CEO yake idapanga 282 zochulukirapo kuposa wantchito wapakatikati ku 2019.

Tchati chamalipiro chomwe chidaperekedwa pamsonkhano wa Novembala cholembedwa kuti "zongowonetsera chabe" chikusonyeza kuti malipiro apakatikati pafakitoli amakhala $ 55,000. Koma Kevin Kimrey, director of the economic and workforce development at Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi contractor wa chitetezo kuphunzitsira ogwira ntchito, adanena Citizen-Times ya Asheville yomwe amisiri ndi ogwira ntchito aluso amatha kupeza $ 40,000 mpaka $ 50,000 pachaka. Ndizo pansi pa Buncombe County Ndalama zapakatikati yopitilira $ 52,000, pomwe kholo la awiri omwe amalandila $ 43,920 ku North Carolina ndi okhoza thandizo la chakudya.

Malipiro a ntchitoyi atakhala ochepera kuposa momwe analonjezera, sikungakhale kusowa kwa ndalama zaboma. Pomwe mgwirizanowu udalengezedwa koyamba, udabwera ndi ndalama zothandizira $ 27 miliyoni kuchokera kuderali komanso $ 15.5 miliyoni kuchokera kuboma. Koma miyezi ingapo kuyambira pamenepo, zopereka zothandizira anthu ambiri zalowa mgwirizanowu kudzera mu ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kudzera m'makoleji akumidzi ndi zomangamanga zothandizira chomera. Chiwerengero choyamba cha mtundu wa Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South chimayika phindu lonse la zoperekazo ndi zopereka pafupifupi $ 100 miliyoni.

Chiwerengerocho chikusonyeza kuti ntchito iliyonse mwa 525 "yosungidwa" - yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ndiyo cholowa cha ntchitoyi - ikupatsidwa ndalama zokwana $ 190,174.09.

Poyankha kuchuluka kwa ndalamazi, Newman adati zina mwa zomangamanga zitha kuthandiza anthu ammudzi ngati Pratt & Whitney abwera mtawuniyi, monga malo ophunzitsira ogwira ntchito, omwe azikhala ndi boma la boma, komanso kusinthana kwa mseu , yomwe adaitcha "ndalama zoyendetsera bwino zoyendetsera ndalama mosasamala kanthu phindu lake kumalo opangira zinthu ku Pratt." Koma zikalata zovomerezeka za onse ntchito kuzindikira Pratt & Whitney ngati yekhayo wopindula.

Wopindulanso wina atha kukhala Biltmore Farms, yomwe idapereka malo kwa Raytheon komabe ili ndi maekala mazana ambiri omwe atha kugulitsidwa kwa opanga ena kuti pakhale paki yamakampani. Atafunsidwa ngati mafamu a Biltmore angayembekezere kupereka malo kwa makasitomala amtsogolo kapena ngati zingapindule pogulitsa mathirakiti chifukwa cha kukonzanso kwa zomangamanga, Newman adati sangathenso kulingalira za kampani yabizinesi. Koma adaonjezeranso mu imelo kuti "nzeru zake zonse ndikuti akuwona ngati lingaliro labizinesi labwino kuti apereke mahekitala 100+ kuti agwire ntchito ya Pratt ndikukhulupirira kuti mtengo woperekedwayo utha kubwezedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina zomwe zingapite patsogolo m'tsogolo zinthu zikasintha m'derali. "

Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South adafunafuna zikalata kuchokera ku maboma ena awiri akumaloko omwe amapereka mapangano olimbikitsira a Pratt & Whitney mzaka zaposachedwa kuti awone ngati zolinga zawo zantchito zakwaniritsidwa. Ku Georgia, komwe boma analengeza mu 2017 kuti Pratt & Whitney apanga ntchito 500 zatsopano pamalo ake ku Columbus pamgwirizano wapakati pa $ 34 miliyoni pamisonkho yakomweko, a Suzanne Widenhouse, oyeserera wamkulu ku Muscogee County Board of Assessors, adati sangagawe makalata ovomerezeka pa kampaniyo magwiridwe antchito ndi anthu chifukwa amawerengedwa kuti ndi achinsinsi pansi pa malamulo aku Georgia. Komabe, Widenhouse idapereka fomu yopanda kanthu yomwe kampaniyo ikuyenera kupereka kuboma lakumaloko - tsamba limodzi lomwe likufuna kuti kampaniyo isanene zambiri zomwe zimawononga katundu ndi zida komanso kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito.

Ku Orange County, New York, komwe Pratt & Whitney analengeza mu 2014 kuti ipanga ntchito 100 pazaka zisanu ndikusunga 95 omwe alipo kale ku subsidiary mothandizidwa ndi phukusi la zolimbikitsira kuphatikiza kuthetsedwa kwa misonkho yakomweko, a Bill Fioravanti, director of the development of economical, adatchulanso Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South kuti wolankhulira kampani kuti adziwe momwe ntchito ilili pakali pano. Mneneri sanayankhe pempho zingapo zaimelo.

Ponena za chomera chatsopano cha Asheville, a Love, wogwira ntchito m'boma la Buncombe, adauza a Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South kuti zilembo zotsimikizira kuti ntchito zithandizire zidzaperekedwa pagulu. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, Chikondi adauza msonkhano wa Novembala kuti boma silikuyembekezera kuti "liphulike" mpaka chaka cha 12 pamgwirizano wawo wazaka 14 ndi Pratt & Whitney, zomwe akuti "ndizotengera zachuma" popeza Pratt "akuyenera kugunda Zolinga zawo "komanso chuma" chimayenera kukhalabe pamalopo. " Newman atafunsidwa ngati mfundo yolekanitsidwayo inali yabwino kuderali, adati pambuyo pa chaka cha 12 zikuwoneka kuti "malowo apitiliza kugwirabe ntchito ndikulipira misonkho yayikulu kwambiri."

Matenda adziko lonse, kukana kwanuko

Ndemanga CEO wa Raytheon a Greg Hayes adapanga fomu ya itanani ndi osunga ndalama Okutobala watha akuwonetsa kuti chomera cha North Carolina chitha kusuntha ntchito m'malo ena. Anatinso kampani ikuyembekeza kupulumutsa $ 175 miliyoni pachaka fakitale ya Asheville ikayamba kugwira ntchito, kuti izikhala "yodzichitira zokha," komanso kuti "zina mwa izo ziphatikiza kusunthira ntchito kuchokera kumalo okwera mtengo kupita kumalo otsika mtengo." Katswiri wosuntha wosagwirizana ndi ntchitoyi Akuti kwa Asheville Citizen-Times kuti mitengo yantchito ndi yotsika ndi 15 mpaka 20% ku North Carolina kuposa ku Connecticut; kusungaku kumachitika chifukwa cha malamulo aku North Carolina a "ufulu wogwira ntchito" omwe amapangitsa mgwirizanowu kukhala wovuta. Ku Connecticut, komwe kuli a Pratt & Whitney, chaputala chapafupi cha International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, chomwe chikuyimira antchito pakampaniyo, chatumiza kalata yodabwitsayo kwa mamembala ake atamva za chomera cha Asheville. Mgwirizanowu udanenanso kuti malo aku North Carolina akuyembekezeka kuyamba kupanga 2022 - chaka chomwechi ogwira ntchito mgwirizanowu ku Connecticut adzakambirananso za mgwirizano wawo.

"Yambani kuyika ndalama tsopano kuti mukhale okonzeka," bungweli lidauza mamembala ake. "[H] nkhani sizinawonetse Pratt & Whitney kukhala kampani yomwe yakhala ikuganizira kwambiri ogwira nawo ntchito ku Connecticut m'mene idasunthira ntchito zomwe zimachitika padziko lonse lapansi." Woyimira mgwirizanowu wakana kufotokoza zambiri za kalatayo zisanachitike zokambirana.

Ku Asheville, palibe amene akukangana pamsonkhanowu akutsutsa kuti mzindawu umafunikira ntchito zolipira bwino. Koma Andry, mphunzitsiyo, adati kukana kwa a Raytheon AVL pomenyera chomeracho ndichikhulupiriro choti "si ntchito zonse zomwe zimapangidwa mofanana." Mamembala a gululi tsopano akukambirana za kuthekera kokonza ogwira ntchito pamalo opangira Asheville mtsogolo.

Monga njira ina yothetsera Raytheon, Anne Craig, wolandila 2017 mphotho yopanga mtendere yoperekedwa ndi magulu akumidzi, adati Henderson County yoyandikana nayo idakopa chidwi wopanga zida za dzuwa patatha mwezi umodzi kuchokera ku County Buncombe atavomereza dongosolo la Raytheon. Panganolo, lomwe lidzagwiritse ntchito nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, likugwira ntchito 60 zomwe zidapangidwa zaka zoposa zisanu pamalipiro pafupifupi $ 65,000. Kope la mgwirizanowu wolimbikitsidwa ndi a Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South kuchokera kwa loya wa boma likuwonetsa mgwirizano wotetezedwa pantchito kuposa womwe uli ndi Raytheon. Mgwirizanowu sunaphatikizepo chilankhulo chokhudza "chikhulupiriro chabwino" ndipo umangofuna kuti kampaniyo ikwaniritse zolinga za ntchito kuti ilandire ndalama kuchokera kuboma, zomwe zimabwera ndi $ 114,404.93 zochepa. (Werengani zambiri pansipa za momwe kubzala ndalama m'makampani omwe akutuluka ku North Carolina atha kukhala njira ina yoyeserera kubweretsa ntchito zachitetezo.)

Otsutsawo aperekanso lingaliro loti agwiritse ntchito ndalama zaboma m'malo molemekeza lonjezo lina lomwe mzinda ndi chigawo chapanga posachedwa, zomwe zitha kupanganso ntchito zatsopano. Kutsatira zipolowe za Black Lives Matter chaka chatha, Asheville adakhala umodzi mwamizinda yambiri mdziko lonselo kuti apereke lingaliro lothandizira kubwezera ukapolo, lingaliro lomwe ovomerezeka ndi County Buncombe. Mgwirizano Wachilungamo wa Asheville, womwe udalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa pempholi, wapempha $ 4 miliyoni - kachigawo kakang'ono ka ndalama zomwe anthu azigwiritsa ntchito pamalo a Pratt & Whitney - kuti zithandizire pazomwe zachitika pamalamulowo, monga nyumba zotsika mtengo. Kusamuka koteroko sikungangothetsa ngongole yakale ndikupereka zabwino kwa anthu ammudzi komanso kungakhale wopanga ntchito. Peltier, wachuma, adawerengera a Responsible Statecraft ndi Facing South kuti $ 4 miliyoni yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zotsika mtengo zingapangitse pafupifupi 64 kuwongolera, kusalunjika, komanso kuyambitsa ntchito.

Mwina palibe wogwira ntchito kuboma ku Asheville yemwe adaganizira za mgwirizano wa a Raytheon kuposa Wapampando Wachigawo cha County Commission Newman, wochita zamphamvu zamagetsi omwe amagwirizana ndi malingaliro obwezera. Amanenanso kuti mavuto azanyengo ndi "oyenera kusankha ngati wofunikira pachisankho" ndipo wanena mobwerezabwereza kuti akugawana nkhawa zomwe anthu ali nazo pazankhondo zosatha. Komabe, akuti komwe kuli malo otere "sikungakhudze momwe dziko lathu lithandizira zovuta zakunja" ndi mfundo zomwe apanga ku feduro. "Ndikadaganiza kuti zisankho zomwe aboma lathu lingachite zidzakhudza nkhanizi, ndikadaganizira mosiyana," adatero pamsonkhano wapagulu mu Novembala.

Koma a Dan Grazier, msirikali wakale wakale komanso woyang'anira Pentagon ku Project on Government Oversight, adati "zomangamanga zandale" zochitidwa ndi omanga zachitetezo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulephera kwa zida zowononga zida zambiri komanso F-35 makamaka. Adakumbukira Capitol Hill ya 2017 chochitika chotsatsa kuti adazembera pomwe Lockheed Martin, womanga wamkulu wa F-35, adayitanitsa ogwira nawo ntchito ku congressional kuti akayese kofikira ndege ya F-35 pomwe anali kudya chakudya cham'mawa cham'mawa. Grazier adazindikira kuti kampaniyo yayika zolemba zawo patebulo lomwe limaphatikizapo mapa kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe akuti zimangirizidwa pakupanga ndege yankhondo mchigawo chilichonse chomwe akuyimira.

Opanga malamulo mzaka zaposachedwa alimba mtima kwambiri kutenga ndalama zankhondo. Chaka chatha, mwachitsanzo, mamembala 116 aku US House ndi Senate adavotera dulani ndi 10 peresenti. Koma kulimbana kochepetsa bajeti ya Pentagon kwalephereka chifukwa chodalira chuma. Ngati Commissioner wa Buncombe County Beach-Ferrara, m'busa komanso omenyera ufulu wa LGBTQ, atapambana mpikisano wake wachipembedzo, atenga nawo mbali pamtsutsowu poyimira chigawo chodalira Raytheon chifukwa cha ntchito mazana. Beach-Ferrara sanayankhe pa voicemail ndi maimelo opempha kuyankhulana ndi nkhaniyi.

"Muyenera kuzipereka kwa makampani achitetezo komanso gulu lazankhondo-mafakitale-msonkhano kuti zidziwike zonsezi," atero a Grazier. "Chifukwa chofalitsa mapangano onsewa ku United States kwa F-35, adapanga mazana ndi mazana omenyera ndale ku Capitol Hill omwe achita zambiri poteteza pulogalamuyi, ngakhale itachita bwanji."

Kumapeto kwa ulendo wawo wamakilomita asanu ndi anayi kubwerera mu Meyi, owonetsa a Reject Raytheon AVL adadutsa paphewa laudzu m'mbali mwa msewu wokhala ndi magalimoto ambiri, kuthera dzenje ladothi lofiira pomwe kanyumba kakuda komanga kanadutsa pamwamba pawo. Nthaka yosokonezeka inali chiyambi cha mlatho wamtsogolo wopita kumalo a Pratt & Whitney, wolipiridwa ndi ndalama zopezeka pamsonkhano wodziwika mu 1999 pakati pa boma la North Carolina ndi makampani a fodya. Ndalamazi, zopangidwa kudzera mu bungwe la Golden Leaf Foundation, zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zachuma zakomweko kuchokera kumakampani osuta ndudu. Poyandikira mlatho womwe sunamangidwe pang'ono, a Steve Norris, agogo-agogo aamuna ovala mpango wachikhalidwe waku Middle East keffiyeh, adati akumvera chisoni anthu akumaloko akuyembekeza kuti adzalembedwe ntchito kumeneko. Anavomerezanso kuti anthu aphunzira za ntchitoyi mochedwa kwambiri kuti aletse.

"Sindikuganiza kuti aliyense wa ife akukhulupirira kuti tileketsa chomerachi," adatero, "koma ndikulimbana ndi matendawa."

Nkhaniyi idathandizidwa ndi a Sidney Hillman Foundation.