Kulowa kwa Hiroshima

Ndi David Swanson
Malingaliro ali Chikumbutso cha Hiroshima-Nagasaki pa Peace Garden ku Lake Harriet, Minneapolis, Minn, Aug. 6, 2017

Zikomo pondiyitanira kuti ndidzayankhule pano. Ndine woyamikira komanso wolemekezedwa, koma sichinthu chophweka. Ndalankhula pa wailesi yakanema komanso pagulu lalikulu komanso kuwombera kofunikira, koma pano mukundifunsa kuti ndilankhule ndi mizukwa mazana ambiri ndi mizimu mabiliyoni mukudikirira. Kuti tiganizire za nkhaniyi moyenera tiyenera kukumbukira onse, komanso omwe adayesetsa kuletsa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, omwe adapulumuka, omwe adalemba, omwe adadzikakamiza kuti azikumbukira mobwerezabwereza kuti aphunzitse ena.

Mwina chovuta kwambiri ndi kuganizira za omwe adathamanga kukapangitsa kuti imfa ndi kuvulala zichitike kapena amene amapita mosakayikira, ndi omwe akuchita chimodzimodzi lero. Anthu abwino. Anthu abwino. Anthu ali ofanana mofanana ndi inu. Anthu omwe sazunza ana awo kapena ziweto zawo. Anthu mwina amakonda mkulu wa US Pacific Fleet yemwe anafunsidwa sabata yatha ngati atayambitsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya ku China ngati Purezidenti Trump amulamula. Yankho lake linali lofunika kwambiri komanso lolunjika, inde, amamvera malamulo.

Ngati anthu samvera malamulo, dziko limasokonekera. Chifukwa chake munthu ayenera kumvera malamulo ngakhale atang'amba dziko lapansi - ngakhale malamulo osaloledwa, malamulo omwe akuphwanya UN Charter, malamulo omwe amanyalanyaza Kellogg-Briand Pact, malamulo omwe amawononga kosatha kukhalapo konse kapena kukumbukira kukumbukira kulikonse kokongola kwaubwana ndi mwana aliyense .

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Jeremy Corbyn, mtsogoleri wa Labor Party ku UK, ndi pulezidenti wotsatira ngati zikuchitikabe, adanena kuti sadzagwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Iye ankatsutsidwa kwambiri chifukwa anali wopanda nzeru.

Titha ndipo tiyenera kuchotsa zida zanyukiliya padziko lapansi zisanachitike mwadala kapena mwangozi. Zina mwa izo ndizambiri zomwe zidaponyedwa ku Japan. Ochepa mwa iwo atha kupanga nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya yomwe imatisowetsa njala. Kuchulukana kwawo ndi kukhazikika kwawo kumatsimikizira kuti mwayi wathu utha ngati sitiwathetsa. Ma nukes adayambitsidwa mwangozi ku Arkansas ndipo mwangozi adaponyedwa ku North Carolina. (John Oliver adati osadandaula, ndichifukwa chake tili ndi ACHIWIRI Carolinas). Mndandanda wazophonya pafupi ndi kusamvana ndikodabwitsa.

Njira monga pangano latsopano lomwe mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi amaletsa kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya liyenera kugwiridwa ndi zonse zomwe tili nazo, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kampeni yolanda ndalama zonse, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ku nyukiliya ndi uranium yomwe yatha.

Koma kubweretsa mayiko a nyukiliya, makamaka omwe ife tikuyimilirapo, kuti tidzakhale nawo pa dziko pa izi zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo zingakhale zosalemetsa pokhapokha ngati titachita zotsutsana ndi zida zankhanza zomwe zakhala zikupangidwa komanso motsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa nkhondo yokha. Mikhail Gorbachev akunena kuti pokhapokha ngati mayiko a United States ayambiranso kulamulira ndi kuzunza asilikali ndi mayiko omwe si a nyukiliya, mayiko ena sadzasiya zida za nyukiliya zomwe amakhulupirira kuti zimawateteza ku nkhondo. Pali chifukwa chomwe ambiri akuwona kuti chilango chaposachedwa cha Russia, North Korea, ndi Iran ndizoyambanso nkhondo yoyamba pa Iran, osati pazigawo zina ziwiri.

Ndilo lingaliro la nkhondo, komanso zida ndi mabungwe a nkhondo, zomwe zimatsutsa Jeremy Corbyn pamene akuwombera munthu yemwe amavomereza kuti amamvera lamulo loletsedwa. Mmodzi akudabwa ngati asilikali abwino ndi oyendetsa sitimayo amawona Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov kukhala wosasintha kapena wolimba mtima. Anali msilikali wa Soviet Navy amene anakana kukhazikitsa zida za nyukiliya pa mavuto a misasa ya Cuba, motero akhoza kupulumutsa dziko lonse lapansi. Zokondweretsa pamene tingapeze mabodza onse ndi kupambanitsa ndi ziwanda zomwe zimaperekedwa ku Russia ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi osankhidwa ndi maofesi awo, ndikuganiza kuti kukhazikitsa ziboliboli za Vasili Arkhipov m'mapaki a US zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri. Mwina pafupi ndi mafano a Frank Kellogg.

Sizongoganizira chabe za nkhondo zomwe tiyenera kugonjetsa, koma kukondera, kukonda dziko lako, kusankhana mitundu, kukonda amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kukonda chuma, komanso kukhulupirira kuti tili ndi mwayi wowononga dziko lapansi, kaya pogwiritsa ntchito radiation kapena mafuta. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndimakayikira zazinthu ngati Marichi For Science. Sindinamvepo za kuguba kwanzeru kapena msonkhano wokonzekera kudzichepetsa kapena chiwonetsero cha kukoma mtima. Tidakhala ndi msonkhano wopanda kanthu, motsutsana ndi misonkhano, yokonzedwa ndi nthabwala ku Washington, DC, tisanakhale ndi chiwonetsero chimodzi pazifukwa zina zofunika izi.

Pali mzere m'buku ndi kanema wolemba Carl Sagan wotchedwa Lumikizanani amene ali ndi munthu wamkuluyu akufuna kufunsa za chitukuko chaukadaulo kwambiri momwe adakwanitsira kupitilira gawo la "unyamata waumisiri" osadziwononga okha. Koma uku siunyamata waukadaulo komwe tili. Ukadaulo upitilizabe kupanga zida zowopsa kwambiri m'kupita kwa nthawi. Tekinoloje siyikhala yokhwima ndikuyamba kupanga zinthu zothandiza zokha, chifukwa ukadaulo sianthu. Uwu ndi unyamata wa MORAL womwe tili nawo. Timalimbikitsa opulupudza omwe amalimbikitsa apolisi kuti aswe mitu ndi anzawo kuti amenye akazi, komanso omwe amayesa kuthetsa mavuto ndi zipupa zazikulu, zabodza zazing'ono, kukana chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso kuwombera pafupipafupi anthu.

Kapenanso timapatsa mphamvu otsogola mofanana ndi purezidenti waku US yemwe adapita ku Hiroshima patadutsa chaka chapitacho ndikunena zabodza kuti "Zojambula zimatiuza kuti nkhondo yankhanza idawoneka ndi munthu woyamba," ndipo adatilimbikitsa kuti tichoke ku nkhondo yamuyaya ndi mawu akuti: "Sitingathe kuthetsa mphamvu za anthu kuchita zoipa, kotero mayiko ndi mgwirizano womwe timapanga ayenera kukhala ndi njira zodzitetezera."

Koma dziko lopambana lachiwawa silikulimbitsa chilichonse kuchokera ku nukes. Iwo samatsutsa zigawenga za zigawenga ndi anthu osakhala nawo boma mwa njira iliyonse. Sipanganso kuwonjezera mphamvu za asilikali a US kuti alepheretse mayiko kuti asagonjetse, atapatsidwa mphamvu za United States kuti awononge chilichonse kulikonse ndi zida za nyukiliya. Iwo sagonjetsanso nkhondo, ndipo United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, ndi China onse ataya nkhondo zotsutsana ndi zida za nyukiliya zomwe zili ndi nukes. Kapena, ngati nkhondo ya nyukiliya yapadziko lonse idachitika, kodi zida zambiri zankhondo zingateteze United States mwa njira iliyonse kuchokera ku apocalypse.

Pulezidenti Barack Obama adati ku Prague ndi ku Hiroshima, ntchitoyi iyenera kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya, koma adati, mwina osati m'moyo wake. Tilibe chochita koma kutsimikizira kuti akulakwitsa za nthawiyi.

Tiyenera kusintha kupitilira zomwe atsogoleri athu amatiuza za zida za nyukiliya, kuphatikiza zomwe masukulu athu amauza ana athu za Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. Milungu ingapo bomba loyamba lisanaponyedwe, Japan idatumiza telegalamu ku Soviet Union ikunena zakufuna kudzipereka kuti nkhondo ithe. United States idaswa ma code aku Japan ndikuwerenga uthengawo. Purezidenti Harry Truman analemba muzolemba zake "telegalamu yochokera kwa Jap Emperor wopempha mtendere." Japan idakana kuti ingodzipereka mosavomerezeka ndikupereka mfumu yake, koma United States idalimbikira malamulowo mpaka bomba litagwa, pomwe lidaloleza Japan kuti isunge mfumu yake.

Mlangizi wa Purezidenti James Byrnes adauza Truman kuti kuponya bomba kumalola United States "kulamula kuti athetse nkhondo." Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal adalemba mu diary yake kuti Byrnes 'anali wofunitsitsa kuthana ndi nkhani yaku Japan asanafike a Russia.' Adalowa tsiku lomwelo Nagasaki adawonongedwa.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey idatsimikiza kuti, "... zisanafike pa 31 Disembala, 1945, ndipo mwina pasanafike 1 Novembala, 1945, Japan ikadadzipereka ngakhale bomba la atomiki silikadaponyedwa, ngakhale Russia ikadapanda kulowa nkhondo, ngakhale atakhala kuti sanakonzekere kulanda kapena kulingalira. ” Wotsutsa yemwe adanenanso izi kwa Secretary of War bomba lisanachitike bomba anali General Dwight Eisenhower. Wapampando wa Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral William D. Leahy adavomereza kuti: "Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chankhanza ichi ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki sikunatithandizire pankhondo yathu yolimbana ndi Japan. Achijapani anali atagonjetsedwa kale ndipo anali okonzeka kudzipereka, ”adatero.

United States iyenera kusiya kudzinyenga ndekha ndikuyamba kutsogolera mpikisano wotsutsana ndi zida. Izi zidzafunika kudzichepetsa, kuwona mtima kwakukulu, komanso kutseguka pakuwunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma monga a Tad Daley alembera, "Inde, kuwunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi kungasokoneze ulamuliro wathu. Koma kuphulika kwa mabomba a atomu kuno kungasokonezenso ulamuliro wathu. Funso lokhalo ndilakuti, ndi ziti mwa zovutitsa ziwirizi zomwe timavutika nazo kwambiri. ”