Zodzikongoletsa pa Student Peace Awards a Fairfax County, Va., Marichi 10, 2019
Ndi David Swanson, Mtsogoleri, World BEYOND War
Zikomo pondiyitanira kuno. Ndine wolemekezeka. Ndipo ndikukumbutsidwa zokumbukira zabwino zambiri za Herndon High School, kalasi ya 87. Ngati panali chilimbikitso nthawi imeneyo kuti tichite ntchito zomwe maulemu athu lero adachita, ndidaziphonya. Ndikuganiza kuti zinthu zina zasinthidwa kuyambira kusekondale kuyambira tsiku langa. Komabe ndidakwanitsa kuphunzira zambiri ku Herndon, komanso kupita nawo kudziko lina ndi m'modzi mwa aphunzitsi anga, ndikukhala chaka chimodzi kunja monga wophunzira wosinthana nditamaliza maphunziro asanayambe koleji. Kuwona dziko kudzera pachikhalidwe ndi chilankhulo chatsopano kunandithandiza kukayikira zinthu zomwe ndinalibe. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tikusowa mafunso ambiri, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timazidziwa komanso zotakasuka. Ophunzira omwe amalemekezedwa lero akhala okonzeka kudzikakamiza kupitilira zomwe zinali zabwino. Nonse simusowa kuti ndikuuzeni zabwino zake. Phindu, monga mukudziwa, ndiloposa mphotho.
Powerenga chidule cha zomwe ophunzirawa achita, ndikuwona ntchito zambiri zotsutsana ndi tsankho, kuzindikira umunthu mwa iwo omwe ndi osiyana, ndikuthandiza ena kuchita zomwezo. Ndimawona nkhanza zambiri zotsutsana ndi ziwawa ndikulimbikitsa mayankho osagwirizana ndi zachiwawa komanso kukoma mtima. Ndikuganiza za masitepe onsewa ngati gawo limodzi lolimbikitsa chikhalidwe chamtendere. Mwa mtendere ndikutanthauza, osati kokha, koma choyambirira komanso chachikulu, kupezeka kwa nkhondo. Tsankho ndi chida chodabwitsa pakutsatsa nkhondo. Kumvetsetsa kwaumunthu ndiko cholepheretsa chodabwitsa. Koma tikuyenera kupewa kulola kuti nkhawa zathu zizigwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana, kupewa kuvomereza kuti njira yokhayo yothetsera milandu yomwe akuti ikunenedwa ndikuchita milandu yayikulu yankhondo. Tiyeneranso kudziwa momwe tingalimbikitsire maboma kuti azikhala mwamtendere pamlingo waukulu momwe timayesera pocheperako, kuti tisalandire othawa kwawo pomwe boma lathu limapangitsa anthu ambiri kuthawa kwawo, kotero kuti Kutumiza thandizo kumadera pomwe boma lathu limatumiza zida ndi mfuti.
Posachedwa ndidakambirana pagulu zingapo ndi pulofesa waku West Army Academy yaku US. Funso linali loti kaya nkhondo ingakhale yolungamitsidwa. Adati inde. Ndinatsutsa ayi. Monga anthu ambiri omwe amatsutsana naye, adakhala nthawi yayitali osalankhula zankhondo koma zakupeza kuti mwakumana nawo mumdima, lingaliro loti aliyense ayenera kuvomereza kuti atha kukhala achiwawa akayang'anizana mumsewu wamdima, ndi chifukwa chake nkhondo ili yoyenera. Ndinamuyankha ndikumufunsa kuti asasinthe nkhaniyi, ndikunena kuti zomwe munthu m'modzi amachita mumdima, kaya ndi wachiwawa kapena ayi, sizofanana kwenikweni ndi kampani yopanga zida zazikulu ndikukonzekera magulu ankhondo ndikukhazikitsa bata ndikusankha dala kuponya zophulika m'nyumba za anthu akutali m'malo mokambirana kapena kuthandizana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makhothi kapena kuweruza kapena kuthandizira kapena kulanda zida.
Koma ngati mwawerenga buku labwino kwambiri lomwe likupatsidwa kwa ophunzira odziwika lero, Zipatso Zabwino Pamtengo Wowawa, ndiye mukudziwa kuti sizowona kuti munthu m'mayendedwe amdima alibe njira ina yabwino kuposa nkhanza. Kwa anthu ena nthawi zina mumisewu yakuda ndi m'malo ena ofanana, ziwawa zitha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri, zomwe sizingatiuze chilichonse chokhudza nkhondo. Koma m'buku lino tidawerenga nkhani zambiri - ndipo pali, mosakayikira mamiliyoni, ochulukirapo monga iwo - a anthu omwe adasankha njira ina.
Sizikumveka ngati zopanda vuto koma zopusa ku chikhalidwe chotchuka chomwe tikukhalachi kuti tifotokozere poyambira kukambirana ndi munthu yemwe akufuna kuti azigwiririra, kupanga zibwenzi ndi zigawenga, kufunsa wotsutsa za zovuta zake kapena kumuyitanira ku chakudya chamadzulo. Kodi izi zingachitike bwanji, zolembedwa kuti zakhala zikuchitika mobwerezabwereza machitidwe kuti zitha kuchitidwa kuti zigwire ntchito m'malingaliro? (Ngati aliyense pano akukonzekera kupita ku koleji, muyembekezere kukumana ndi funso nthawi zambiri.)
Nayi lingaliro losiyana. Nthawi zambiri, osati nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri anthu amafuna ulemu ndi ubwenzi womwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kufuna kwawo kupweteketsa mtima. Mnzanga wina dzina lake David Hartsough anali m'gulu la anthu ochita zachiwawa ku Arlington poyesa kuphatikiza malo ogulitsira chakudya chamasana, ndipo bambo wina wokwiya anamupangira mpeni ndikumuwopseza kuti amupha. David adamuyang'ana m'maso ndikunena mawu kuti: "Iwe chita zomwe uyenera kuchita, m'bale wanga, ndikukukondanso." Dzanja logwira mpeni uja linayamba kunjenjemera, kenako mpeni uja unagwera pansi.
Komanso, kothandizira pa nkhomaliro kanaphatikizidwa.
Anthu ndi mitundu yachilendo kwambiri. Sitifunikira mpeni pakhosi kuti tisamve bwino. Ndinganene zinthu m'mawu ngati awa omwe saopseza aliyense mwanjira iliyonse, komabe amapangitsa anthu ena kukhala osasangalala. Ndikulakalaka akadapanda, koma ndikuganiza kuti ayenera kunenedwa ngakhale atatero.
Zaka zopitilira chaka chapitacho panali kuwombera anthu ambiri pasukulu yasekondale ku Florida. Anthu ambiri, ndikuganiza moyenera, afunsa anthu omwe ali pamsewu kuno ku NRA kuti aganizire gawo lomwe ziphuphu zawo zaboma zitha kutenga nawo mliri wosatha wa ziwawa mfuti ku United States. Zikomo kwa Congressman Connolly chifukwa chovotera masheya akumbuyo, mwa njira. Koma pafupifupi palibe amene amatchula kuti ndalama zathu zamsonkho zomwe tidapereka kuti timuphunzitse mnyamatayo ku Florida kuti amuphe, adamuphunzitsa komwe adadya ku sekondale komwe adachita, ndikuti anali kuvala t-shirt kutsatsa pulogalamu yamaphunziro ija atapha anzake a m'kalasi. Chifukwa chiyani sizingatikwiyitse? Chifukwa chiyani sitingamve tonse udindo? Chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupewa nkhaniyi?
Chimodzi mwazotheka ndikuti taphunzitsidwa kuti gulu lankhondo laku US likaphunzitsa anthu kuwombera mfuti ndicholinga chabwino, osati kupha, koma anthu ena owombera, ndikuti t-shirt yochokera pulogalamu ya JROTC ndiyabwino , kukonda dziko, ndi baji yabwino yolemekezeka yomwe sitiyenera kuchititsa manyazi kuitchula mogwirizana ndi kupha anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto. Kupatula apo, Fairfax County ili ndi JROTC nawonso ndipo sanapeze zotsatira zofanana ndi Parkland, Florida - komabe. Kukayikira ngati mapulogalamu oterowo ali anzeru kungakhale kupanda kukonda dziko, mwinanso kuwukira kumene. Zimakhala bwino kungokhala chete.
Tsopano ndiloleni ndinene china chake chovuta kwambiri. Oponya misa ku United States mosaphunzitsidwa bwino aphunzitsidwa ndi asitikali aku US. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, omenyera nkhondo nthawi zambiri amakhala oponya mivi ambiri kuposa amuna amsinkhu wofanana. Zowona pankhaniyi sizikutsutsana, kuvomerezeka kokha kuzitchula. Palibe vuto kunena kuti oponya miseche pafupifupi amuna onse. Palibe vuto kufotokoza kuti ndi angati omwe akudwala matenda amisala. Koma siangati omwe adaphunzitsidwa ndi imodzi mwamapulogalamu akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe adawonapo.
Popanda kunena, kapena ndikulakalaka zikadakhala zosafunikira kunena, wina satchula matenda amisala kuti alimbikitse nkhanza kwa omwe ali ndi matenda amisala, kapena omenyera nkhondo kuti akhululukire aliyense amene ali wankhanza kwa omenyera nkhondo. Ndikunena za kuzunzika kwa omenyera ufulu wakale ndi mavuto omwe ena nthawi zina amapweteketsa ena kuti ayambe kukambirana zakuti kodi tiyenera kusiya kupanga omenyera nkhondo ambiri mtsogolo.
Ku Fairfax County, kulikonse komwe kuli mdziko muno, kukayikira zankhondo ndikufunsira chuma chomwe chilipo kale cha omanga asitikali ankhondo. Kafukufuku apeza kuti ngati mutasamutsa ndalama kuchokera kuzankhondo kupita ku maphunziro kapena zomangamanga kapena magetsi kapena kubweza msonkho kwa anthu ogwira ntchito mukadakhala ndi ntchito zochulukirapo komanso ntchito zolipira bwino pamenepo, mutha kusinthitsa ndalama zokwanira kuthandiza aliyense amene angafune kuthandizidwa kuti asinthe kuchoka kunkhondo kupita kunkhondo. Koma pachikhalidwe chathu chapano, anthu amaganiza zantchito yakupha anthu ambiri ngati pulogalamu ya ntchito, ndikuigulitsa ngati yabwinobwino.
Pamene Guantanamo base ku Cuba lidadziwika kuti lazunza anthu mpaka kufa, wina adafunsa Starbucks chifukwa chake adasankha kukhala ndi malo ogulitsa khofi ku Guantanamo. Yankho lidali loti kusankha kusakhala ndi amodzi kukadakhala mawu andale, pomwe kukhala ndi imodzi kunali kwabwinobwino.
Pampikisano womaliza wa Congressman Gerry Connolly, makomiti azandale a makampani osachepera asanu ndi anayi adalanda $ 10,000 iliyonse.
Ku Charlottesville, tangopempha khonsolo yathu kuti izitsatira mfundo zakusagwiritsanso ntchito zida zankhondo kapena mafuta. Kuyang'ana mwachangu pamawebusayiti angapo kumandiwonetsa kuti Fairfax County, imapanganso ndalama zopuma pantchito, mwachitsanzo, m'mabizinesi owopsa monga ExxonMobil komanso State of Virginia ndalama zomwe zimagulitsa zida zankhondo. Ndimaganiza za ena mwa aphunzitsi abwino omwe ndinali nawo ku Herndon ndikudzifunsa ngati angayamikire munthu wina wopuma pantchito potengera kukula kwa bizinesi yankhondo komanso kuwonongeka kwa nyengo yapadziko lapansi. Ndimadzifunsanso ngati wina wawafunsa. Kapena ndikutsimikiza kuti palibe amene adachita.
Koma kodi pali aliyense amene amatifunsapo mafunso ofunika kwambiri omwe timafunikira kungoyankha?
Ndikukumbukira makalasi azakale kusukulu - izi mwina zidasintha, koma izi ndi zomwe ndikukumbukira - kuyang'ana kwambiri mbiri yaku US. United States, ndinaphunzira, inali yapadera kwambiri m'njira zambiri. Zinanditengera nthawi kuti ndizindikire kuti m'njira zambiri izi, United States sinali yapadera kwenikweni. Ndisanaphunzire izi - ndipo mwina ndikofunikira kuti izi zibwere poyamba - ndidaphunzira kudzizindikiritsa ndekha ndi umunthu. Nthawi zambiri ndimadziona ngati membala wamagulu ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza okhala ku Charlottesville ndi Herndon High School Class ya 1987, pakati pa ena ambiri, koma koposa zonse ndimadziona ngati membala wa umunthu - kaya umunthu umakonda kapena osati! Chifukwa chake, ndimakunyadirani pomwe boma la US kapena nzika ina yaku US ichita zabwino komanso ngati boma kapena munthu wina aliyense achita chilichonse chabwino. Ndipo ndikuchita manyazi ndikulephera kulikonse mofanana. Zotsatira zakudziwika kuti ndi nzika yapadziko lonse nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino, mwa njira.
Kuganiza motere kungapangitse kuti kusakhale kosavuta, osati kungoyang'ana momwe United States sinali yapadera kwambiri, monga kusowa kwa njira yothandizira zaumoyo kuti athe kukwaniritsa zomwe mayiko ena agwirapo ntchito ngakhale akatswiri athu atakana kuthekera kwake kogwira ntchito pamalingaliro, komanso kosavuta kupenda njira momwe United States ilidi yothandiza kwambiri.
Masabata angapo kuchokera pano, pomwe timu ya basketball ya University of Virginia ipambana mpikisano wa NCAA, owonera adzamva alengezi akuyamika asitikali awo powonera kuchokera kumayiko 175. Simumva chilichonse chamtunduwu kulikonse padziko lapansi. United States ili ndi magulu ankhondo akuluakulu 800 mpaka 1,000 m'maiko ena 80 omwe si United States. Maiko ena onse padziko lapansi ophatikizidwa ali ndi mabowo angapo kunja kwa malire awo. United States imatha pafupifupi chaka chilichonse pomenya nkhondo ndikukonzekera nkhondo monga momwe dziko lonse lapansi limagwirizanirana, ndipo padziko lonse lapansi ndiogwirizana ndi US, ndipo ndalama zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangidwa ndi US, zomwe sizili sapezeka kawirikawiri mbali zonse ziwiri za nkhondo. Ndalama zankhondo yaku US, m'madipatimenti ambiri aboma, ndi 60% ya ndalama zomwe Congress imasankha chaka chilichonse. Kutumiza zida zankhondo zaku US ndikofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Boma la US limakhazikitsa maulamuliro ankhanza ambiri padziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi tanthauzo lake. Anthu akakwiya kuti a Donald Trump amalankhula ndi wolamulira mwankhanza ku North Korea, ndimakhala ndi nkhawa, chifukwa ubale womwe ulipo ndikulimbitsa ndi kuphunzitsa magulu ankhanza. Ndi anthu ochepa ku United States omwe angatchule mayiko onse omwe dziko lawo laphulitsa bomba mchaka chomwecho, ndipo izi zakhala zowona kwazaka zambiri. Potsutsana pamsonkhano wapurezidenti nthawi yayitali, moderator adafunsa wopikisana naye ngati angafune kupha mazana ndi masauzande a ana osalakwa ngati gawo limodzi la ntchito zake za purezidenti. Sindikuganiza kuti mungapeze funso lofananalo pamtsutsano wachisankho mdziko lina lililonse. Ndikuganiza kuti zikuwonetsa kukhazikika kwa chinthu chomwe sichiyenera kuvomerezedwa ngakhale nthawi zina sichidziwika.
Mutu 51 wa Zipatso Zabwino ikufotokoza za asitikali aku US ku Iraq omwe adatha kupewa zachiwawa patsiku linalake. Zomwe sizikutchulidwa ndikuti izi zidatsogolera ntchito yoopsa yomwe idasokoneza mtundu ndikutsogolera kukulitsa magulu onga ISIS. Patsamba 212, wamkulu wankhondo waku US akufotokoza zomwe zidachitikazi akunena momwe zimapwetekera kupha munthu wina pafupi. Iye analemba kuti: "Ndinawombera zida zonse zankhondo, ndikuponya mabomba onse a Gulu Lankhondo ndikumenya adaniwo ndi ma helikopita omwe anali mgululi ndisanawone m'modzi mwa asitikali anga achichepere akumenyana ndi adani pafupi." Izi zikumveka ngati kukoma mtima, ngati umunthu. Afuna kupulumutsa asitikali ake achichepere mantha komanso kuvulala kwamakhalidwe apafupi.
Koma nazi nsomba. Kuukira mlengalenga nthawi zambiri kumapha ndi kuvulaza ndikupweteketsa mtima ndikupatsa nzika zambiri zopanda pokhala, zomwe sindikutanthauza kuvomera kuphedwa kwa omwe si nzika wamba omwe amatchedwa mdani - ndipo amachita izi zochulukirapo kuposa kuwukira pansi. United States ikamenya nkhondo zake mlengalenga, anthu amafa kwambiri, kumwalira kumakhala mbali imodzi, ndipo zocheperako zimapanga malipoti a US. Mwina izi sizofunikira kwa aliyense, koma kupezeka kwawo m'nkhani zotere kumafotokozedwa bwino, ndikuganiza, ndi lingaliro lovomerezeka kuti miyoyo ina ilibe kanthu ndipo miyoyo ina ilibe kanthu, kapena ilibe kanthu kwenikweni.
Mlandu womwe timapanga ku bungwe lomwe ndimagwirira ntchito udayitanidwa World BEYOND War ndikuti ngati aliyense ali ndi vuto, nkhondo siyingakhale yolungamitsidwa konse. Atatu mwa magawo atatu am'magulu ankhondo aku US atha kuthetsa njala padziko lapansi. Kagawo kakang'ono kwambiri kangapangitse kuyesayesa kwakanthawi kochepetsa kugwa kwanyengo - komwe gulu lankhondo limathandizira kwambiri. Nkhondo imapha kwambiri, osati ndi chida chilichonse, koma posintha ndalama kutali ndi komwe zikufunika. Nkhondo imapha ndikuvulaza makamaka pamlingo waukulu, imasokoneza ufulu wathu mdzina la ufulu, imayika ngozi ya nyukiliya pazifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa zifukwa zilizonse zomwe anzanga ndi ine tili kusekondale zimawoneka ngati okhwima komanso oyera poyerekeza, zimawononga chikhalidwe chathu ndi xenophobia ndi tsankho, ndikumenya nkhondo apolisi athu ndi zosangalatsa zathu komanso mabuku athu azakale komanso malingaliro athu. Ngati nkhondo ina yamtsogolo ingagulitsidwe moyenera kuti ichitepo kanthu bwino kuposa kuvulaza (yomwe singathe) iyeneranso kuchita zabwino zokwanira kupitirira zoyipa zonse zokhazikitsa maziko ankhondo, kuphatikiza zoyipa zonse nkhondo zomwe zimapanga.
Kuthetsa usitikali kumatha kuchitidwa pang'onopang'ono, koma ngakhale kufikitsa anthu mpaka kukagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumafunikira kuti tidutse mutu woyamba wa mbiri yaku US komanso zosangalatsa, kuyankha funso lomwe mwina tonse titha kubwereza limodzi. Ndi mawu atatu okha: "Chiyani. . . za. . . Hitler? ”
Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, ndinalankhula pasukulu yasekondale ku DC Monga ndimakonda kuchitira, ndinawauza kuti ndichita matsenga. Ndimadziwa imodzi yokha, koma ndikudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri izigwira ntchito popanda kufunikira. Ndidalemba papepala ndikampinda. Ndidafunsa wina kuti atchule nkhondo yomwe ndiyoyenera. Iwo anati "Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse" ndipo ndidatsegula pepalali, lomwe lidawerengedwa kuti "Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse." Matsenga!
Ndikhoza kuchita gawo lachiwiri ndi kudalirika kofanana. Ndikufunsa kuti "Chifukwa chiyani?" Amati "kuphedwa kwa chipani cha Nazi."
Ndikhoza kuchita gawo limodzi la magawo atatu. Ndikufunsa kuti "Kodi Evian amatanthauzanji?" Iwo amati "Palibe lingaliro" kapena "madzi otsekemera."
Mwa nthawi zambiri zomwe ndachita izi, kamodzi ndikakumbukira pomwe wina adanenapo mawu ena kupatula "Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse." Ndipo ndi kamodzi kokha pomwe munthu adadziwa zomwe Evian amatanthauza. Apo ayi sizinalepherepo. Mutha kuyesa izi kunyumba ndikukhala amatsenga osaphunzira dzanja lililonse.
Evian ndiye malo opambana, otchuka kwambiri Misonkhano pomwe mayiko adziko lapansi adaganiza kuti asalandire Ayuda ochokera ku Germany. Izi siziri chinsinsi. Uwu ndi mbiri yomwe yakhala ikuwonekeratu kuyambira tsiku lomwe zidachitika, zomwe zidafotokozedwa kwambiri ndi makanema akulu padziko lapansi nthawi imeneyo, zomwe zidakambidwa m'mapepala ndi mabuku osatha kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.
Ndikafunsa chifukwa chomwe mayiko padziko lapansi adakanira othawa kwawo achiyuda, mawonekedwewo akupitilira. Ndiyenera kufotokoza kuti adakana kuwavomereza pazifukwa zosankhana mitundu, zotsutsana ndi Asemite zomwe zidafotokozedwa mopanda manyazi kapena manyazi, kuti palibe zikwangwani za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse zomwe zinawerenga "Amalume Sam Akufuna Kuti Muzipulumutsa Ayuda!" Pakadakhala tsiku lomwe boma la US lidaganiza zopulumutsa Ayuda likanakhala limodzi la maholide akulu kwambiri pakalendala. Koma sizinachitike. Kupewa kuwopsa kwamisasa sikunakhale chifukwa chomenyera nkhondo mpaka nkhondo itatha. Maboma aku US ndi Britain nthawi yonse ya nkhondo adakana zofuna zonse kuti athamangitse omwe akuwopsezedwa pachifukwa choti anali otanganidwa kwambiri kumenya nkhondo - nkhondo yomwe idapha anthu ambiri kuposa omwe adaphedwa m'misasa.
Pali, zowonadi, zodzitchinjiriza zenizeni zankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, ndipo nditha kuyesetsa kuyankha aliyense ngati ndikadakhala ndi milungu ingapo ndipo sindinkafunika kukulunga. Koma sizodabwitsa kuti imodzi mwa ntchito zikuluzikulu zaboma la US nthawi zonse amatetezedwa potengera chitsanzo cha momwe idagwiritsidwira ntchito zaka 75 zapitazo kudziko lomwe lili ndi malamulo osiyana siyana, opanda zida za nyukiliya, okhala ndi atsamunda ankhanza ndi maulamuliro aku Europe, ndikumvetsetsa pang'ono za maluso osachita zachiwawa? Kodi pali china chilichonse chomwe timachita chomwe timachilungamitsa potengera zaka za m'ma 1940? Ngati titatengera masukulu athu apamwamba m'ma 1940, titha kutengedwa ngati obwerera m'mbuyo. Chifukwa chiyani mfundo zathu zakunja siziyenera kukhala ndi miyezo yofananira?
Mu 1973 Congress idapanga njira kuti membala aliyense wa Congress akakamize kuvota pomaliza nkhondo. Disembala watha, Senate idagwiritsa ntchito koyamba kuvota kuti athetse US kutenga nawo mbali pankhondo ya Yemen. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, Nyumbayi idachitanso chimodzimodzi, koma idawonjezera chilankhulo china chomwe Senate idakana kuvota. Chifukwa chake, tsopano nyumba zonse ziyenera kuvotanso. Ngati atero - ndipo tonsefe tiumirire kuti achite - nchiyani chingawaletse kuti asathetse nkhondo ina ndi ina ndi ina? Ndi chinthu choti mugwire ntchito.
Zikomo.
Mtendere.
