Wolemba Pat Mkulu, October 10, 2020
Zotsatira zoyesedwa zomwe zatulutsidwa sabata ino ndi St. Mary's River Watershed Association ndi Maryland department of Environment (MDE) zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni wa PFAS mu oyster ndi madzi amtsinje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ku Webster Outlying Field ya Patuxent River Naval Air Station (Webster Field) ku St. Inigoes, Maryland. Mzindawu uli pafupi ndi kumwera kwenikweni kwa St. Mary's County, MD.
Zotsatira zikuwonetsa oyster mumtsinjewo ndi Church Point komanso ku St. Inigoes Creek munali magawo opitilira 1,000 pa trilioni (ppt) ya mankhwala oopsa kwambiri. Oyster adayesedwa ndi a Eurofins, mtsogoleri wadziko lonse pakuyesa kwa PFAS. Kuwunikaku kunachitika m'malo mwa St. Mary's River Watershed Association komanso ndalama zothandizidwa ndi Ogwira Ntchito Pagulu Pazinthu Zachilengedwe, TSOGOLO.
nthawiyi, deta yotulutsidwa ndi MDE adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa PFAS pa 13.45 ng / l (nanograms pa lita, kapena magawo trilioni) anapezeka mumtsinje wamadzi pafupifupi 2,300 kumadzulo kwa Webster Field. Malingana ndi zomwe apezazi, MDE inati, "Zotsatira za kuwunika kwa chiwopsezo chaumoyo wa anthu ku PFAS posangalala ndi madzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito oyisitara kunali kotsika kwambiri." Kuwunika kwa madzi omwe adayipitsidwa ndi PFAS pamiyeso yofananira m'maiko ena, komabe, kukuwonetsa kuti moyo wam'madzi munali poizoni wambiri, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.
Oyster yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa ku Church Point ku St. Mary's College ku Maryland inali ndi 1,100 ppt ya 6: 2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid, (FTSA) pomwe ma bivalve ku St. Inigoes Creek adadetsedwa ndi 800 ppt ya Perfluorobutanoic acid, (PFBA) ndi 220 ppt ya Perfluoropentanoic acid, (Zowonjezera).
Akuluakulu a zamankhwala mdziko muno akutichenjeza osadya zoposa 1 ppt wa poizoni patsiku m'madzi akumwa. Mankhwala a PFAS amalumikizidwa ndi khansa yambiri, zovuta za fetus, ndi matenda aubwana, kuphatikiza autism, mphumu, komanso vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi. Anthu sayenera kudya oyisitara awa, makamaka azimayi omwe atha kukhala ndi pakati.
Ku Maryland, udindo woyang'anira ukhondo wagawika pakati pa mabungwe atatu aboma: Maryland department of Environment (MDE), department of Natural Resources (DNR), ndi department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH). Mabungwewa alephera kuteteza thanzi laboma pomwe oyang'anira a Trump EPA yasintha miyezo zokhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS. Mayiko atasumira Dipatimenti ya Zachitetezo kuti iphe poizoni chakudya ndi madzi, a DOD ayankha podzinena kuti "ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira" kutanthauza kuti ali ndi ufulu woyipitsa njira zamadzi chifukwa cha chitetezo chadziko.
Kuyang'anitsitsa Sayansi: Oyisitara Woyipitsidwa
Ngakhale MDE ikuti palibe choyenera kuopa ndipo Akuluakulu a Navy akuti palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS kwafalikira kupyola maziko ake, Dr. Mtsogoleri wa Science Policy wa a Kyla Bennett akuti kuyesa kwa boma kunali kochepa kwambiri kuti anganene kuti pali thanzi lochepa lomwe limakhudzana ndi kudya oyisitara.
"Tiyenera kudziwa zambiri," adatero.
Malinga ndi Bay Journal A Bennett ati panali zolakwika pakuyesedwa kwa boma zomwe zidasokoneza kuthekera kwawo kuwunika bwino zaumoyo. Mwachitsanzo, adati, kuyesa kwa MDE "sikungatenge gawo limodzi lovuta kwambiri ngakhale pamagulu masauzande angapo pa trilioni. Kuphatikiza apo, adati, boma limangoyesa zitsanzo zawo zonse 14 pazamagulu opitilira 8,000 odziwika a PFAS. ”
"Popeza adalephera kuyesa zonse [PFAS] zonse 36 pamasamba awo onse, popeza malire azomwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, mpaka 10,000 mbali imodzi thiriliyoni, kuti anene kuti pali chiopsezo chochepa, ndikuganiza wosasamala, ”adatero.
Ma oyster khumi ochokera mumtsinje wa St. Mary's omwe amapezeka pa mbale yokazinga ya oyisitara pamalo odyera za nsomba m'derali atha kukhala ndi magalamu 500 a oyisitara. Ngati oyisitara aliyense ali ndi 1,000 ppt ya mankhwala a PFAS, ndizofanana ndi gawo limodzi pa biliyoni, lomwe liri lofanana ndi 1 nanogram pa gramu, (ng / g).
Chifukwa chake, 1 ng / gx 500 g (10 oysters) ikufanana 500 ng ya PFAS.
Pakusowa kwamalamulo aboma ndi maboma, titha kuyang'ana ku European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) kuti tiwongolere, ngakhale ambiri azachipatala amati magulu awo a PFAS ndiokwera kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, azungu akutsogola kwa US poteteza thanzi la anthu kuti asawonongeke ndi mankhwalawa.
EFSA yakhazikitsa Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) pa ma nanograms 4.4 pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi. (4.4 ng / kg / wk) ya mankhwala a PFAS mu chakudya.
Chifukwa chake, wina wolemera mapaundi 150 (68 kilos) amatha "bwinobwino" amadya nanograms 300 pa sabata. (ng / wk) [pafupifupi 68 x 4.4] a mankhwala a PFAS.
Tinene kuti wina amadya ma oyster 10 okazinga olemera magalamu 500 (.5 kg) okhala ndi 500 ng / kg ya mankhwala a PFAS.
[.5 kg ya oysters x 1,000 ng PFAS / kg = 500 ngs ya PFAS pachakudyacho.]
Anthu aku Europe akuti sitiyenera kumwa ma nanograms opitilira 300 pasabata amankhwala a PFAS, chifukwa chake mbale imodzi yokazinga ya oyster imapitilira mulingo umenewo. Ngati titsatira malire a 1 ppt tsiku lililonse olimbikitsidwa ndi Harvard School of Public Health kapena Environmental Working Group, titha kumangodya oyisitara umodzi wa St. Mary's River miyezi iwiri iliyonse. Pakadali pano, Maryland akuti kuopsa kwa nkhonozi ndi "kochepa kwambiri"
Vutoli la anthu likupitilizidwa ndi atolankhani omwe amamvera atolankhani omvera aboma ndi asitikali osawunikiridwa. Kodi anthu onse amaganiza zotani? Chofunika koposa, kodi anthu ayenera kukhulupirira ndani? Sukulu ya Harvard Yathanzi Labwino? kuulamuliro wa European Food Safety? kapena Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya Maryland yoyendetsedwa ndi Republican yokhala ndi mbiri yomvetsa chisoni yolimbikitsa zachilengedwe yomwe ikugwira ntchito pansi pa EPA?
Osadya oyster.
EFSA imatero "nsomba ndi nsomba zina" zimawerengera mpaka 86% yazakudya za PFAS mwa akulu. Zambiri zowunikirazi zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mosamala zida zozimitsira moto m'mabwalo ankhondo kuyambira koyambirira kwa ma 1970. Chakudya cholimidwa m'minda yodzala ndi sludge yodzaza ndi PFAS kuchokera kumalo ankhondo ndi mafakitale, madzi akumwa odetsedwa ochokera komweko, ndipo zogulitsa ndi zina mwazomwe zatsala zomwe zathandizira kuti anthu adye PFAS.
kugwiritsa ntchito logo ya Patuxent River Naval Air Station.
Kuyang'anitsitsa Sayansi: Madzi Oipa
Zomwe zidatulutsidwa ndi MDE zowonetsa milingo ya 13.45 ng / l mumtsinje wa St. Mary pafupi ndi Webster Field ndizododometsa kwambiri chifukwa zimawonetsa kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa zamoyo zonse zam'madzi zomwe zili mndende. Pulogalamu ya mulingo wovomerezeka kwambiri wa PFAS ku European Union is .13 ng / l m'madzi am'nyanja. Milingo mumtsinje wa St.
In Nyanja Monoma, Wisconsin, pafupi ndi Truax Field Air National Guard Base, madzi ali ndi kachilombo ka 15 ng / l wa PFAS. Akuluakulu amaletsa kudya kamodzi kokha pamwezi, pike, bass, ndi nsomba kamodzi pamwezi, ngakhale ambiri azachipatala amati kulola kumwa mowa ndikosavomerezeka.
Kudera la South Bay ku San Francisco Bay, madzi am'nyanja anali ndi mankhwala okwana 10.87 ng / l a PFAS. (kutsika kwa St. Mary's) Onani Gulu 2a. Bivalves anapezeka pa 5.25 ng / g, kapena 5,250 ppt. Pacific Staghorn Sculpin inapezeka m'dera lomwelo ndi 241,000 ppt. wa PFAS. Momwemonso, ku Eden Landing ku San Francisco Bay, madzi amapezeka kuti ali ndi 25.99 ng / l, pomwe bivalve imodzi inali ndi 76,300 ppt ya poizoni.
Ku New Jersey, Echo Lake Reservoir inali ndi 24.3 ng / l ndipo Mtsinje wa Cohansey udapezeka kuti uli ndi 17.9 ng / l ya PFAS yathunthu. Largemouth Bass idapezeka mu Echo Lake Reservoir yokhala ndi 5,120 ppt ya PFAS yathunthu pomwe Cohansey River inali ndi White Perch yokhala ndi 3,040 ppt ya PFAS. Pali zambiri zopezeka kumaboma zomwe zakhala zikuteteza kwambiri thanzi la anthu kuposa Maryland. Mfundo apa ndikuti ambiri mwa mankhwalawa a PFAS amapezeka mumadzi am'madzi komanso mwa anthu.
Mu 2002, kafukufuku yemwe adapezeka munyuzipepalayo, Environmental Contamination and Toxicology idanenanso chitsanzo cha oyisitara yomwe inali ndi 1,100 ng / g kapena 1,100,000 ppt ya PFOS, yotchuka kwambiri ndi PFAS "mankhwala osatha." Oyster adasonkhanitsidwa ku Hog Point ku Chesapeake Bay, pafupifupi 3,000 mita kuchokera pa mseu wapamtunda wa Patuxent River Naval Air Station. Lero, lipoti latsopano lochokera ku MDE kuti madzi oyenda pamwamba ndi oyisitara mdera lomwelo la PFAS sanapeze "nkhawa zilizonse."
