Kuchokera ku Pacific Pivot kupita ku Green Revolution

Nkhaniyi ndi gawo la mndandanda wa FPIF wa mlungu uliwonse wokhudza "Pacific Pivot" ya boma la Obama, yomwe imayang'ana zotsatira za gulu lankhondo la US ku Asia-Pacific - pa ndale zachigawo komanso kwa omwe amatchedwa "gulu lankhondo". Mutha kuwerenga mawu oyamba a Joseph Gerson pamutuwu Pano.

Mapiri otsika a m'chigawo cha Dalateqi ku Inner Mongolia anayala pang'onopang'ono kuseri kwa nyumba yokongola yopakidwa utoto. Mbuzi ndi ng'ombe zimadya mwamtendere m'minda yozungulira. Koma yendani chakumadzulo mamita 100 okha kuchokera pafamuyo ndipo mudzakumana ndi zenizeni zaubusa: mafunde osatha amchenga, kulibe chizindikiro chilichonse chamoyo, chomwe chimatambalala mpaka momwe maso angawone.

Ichi ndi chipululu cha Kubuchi, chilombo chobadwa ndi kusintha kwanyengo chomwe chikuyenda movutikira chakum'mawa kulowera ku Beijing, pamtunda wa makilomita 800. Posasunthika, idzawononga likulu la China posachedwa. Chilombochi mwina sichikuwonekabe ku Washington, koma mphepo zamphamvu zimanyamula mchenga wake kupita ku Beijing ndi Seoul, ndipo zina zimapita kugombe lakum'mawa kwa United States.

Chipululu ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pa moyo wa anthu. Zipululu zikufalikira ndi liwiro lowonjezereka pa kontinenti iliyonse. Dziko la United States linataya miyoyo yambiri ndi zopezera zofunika pamoyo pa nthawi ya Dust Bowl ku American Great Plains m'ma 1920, monga momwe zinachitikira dera la Sahel ku West Africa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970. Koma kusintha kwa nyengo kukupangitsa kuti chipululutso chikhale chatsopano, ndikuwopseza kupanga mamiliyoni, potsirizira pake mabiliyoni, a anthu othawa kwawo zachilengedwe ku Asia, Africa, Australia, ndi America. Gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi mwa anthu asanu ndi limodzi mwa anthu onse a ku Mali ndi Burkina Faso akhala kale othawa kwawo chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa zipululu. Zotsatira za mchenga zokwawa zonsezi zimawonongera dziko $42 biliyoni pachaka, malinga ndi bungwe la UN Environmental Program.

Kufalikira kwa zipululu, pamodzi ndi kuumitsa kwa nyanja, kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana a polar, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi zinyama padziko lapansi, kumapangitsa dziko lathu kukhala losazindikirika. Zithunzi zamalo ouma zomwe NASA Curiosity Rover yatumiza kuchokera ku Mars zitha kukhala chithunzithunzi cha tsogolo lathu lomvetsa chisoni.

Koma simungadziwe kuti chipululu ndi chizindikiro cha apocalypse ngati mungayang'ane mawebusayiti a Washington think tanks. Kufufuza pa webusaiti ya Brookings Institution kwa mawu oti "missile" kunapanga zolemba za 1,380, koma "chipululu" chinapereka pang'ono 24. Kufufuza kofananako pa webusaiti ya Heritage Foundation inatulutsa mawu 2,966 a mawu akuti “missile” ndipo atatu okha a mawu akuti “chipululu.” Ngakhale kuti ziwopsezo monga chipululu zikupha kale anthu—ndipo zidzapha ena ambiri m’zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi—salandira chisamaliro chochuluka, kapena zinthu zina, monga ziwopsezo zamwambo zachitetezo monga uchigawenga kapena kuukira kwa mizinga, zomwe zimapha ochepa kwambiri.

Kusanduka zipululu ndi chimodzi mwa ziwopsezo zambiri za chilengedwe—kuyambira ku kusoŵa kwa chakudya ndi matenda atsopano mpaka kutha kwa zomera ndi zinyama zimene zimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe—zimene zingawononge zamoyo zathu. Komabe sitinayambenso kupanga matekinoloje, njira, ndi masomphenya a nthawi yayitali ofunikira kuti tithane ndi vuto la chitetezo ichi. Zonyamula ndege zathu, zoponya zowongoleredwa, ndi nkhondo za cyber ndizopanda ntchito polimbana ndi chiwopsezo ichi monga ndodo ndi miyala zimatsutsana ndi akasinja ndi ma helikoputala.

Ngati titi tipulumuke kupyola zaka zana lino, tiyenera kusintha kwenikweni kamvedwe kathu ka chisungiko. Amene akutumikira usilikali ayenera kuvomereza masomphenya atsopano kwa asilikali athu. Kuyambira ndi United States, magulu ankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ayenera kupereka osachepera 50 peresenti ya bajeti zawo popanga ndi kukhazikitsa matekinoloje oletsa kufalikira kwa zipululu, kutsitsimutsa nyanja zamchere, ndikusintha kotheratu machitidwe owononga mafakitale amasiku ano kukhala chuma chatsopano chomwe chiri. chokhazikika m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu.

Malo abwino oti ayambireko ndi ku East Asia, komwe kumayang'ana kwambiri "Pacific pivot" ya Obama. Ngati sitipanga mtundu wina wa pivot kudera limenelo la dziko lapansi, ndipo posachedwapa, mchenga wa m’chipululu ndi madzi okwera zidzatizinga tonsefe.

Zofunikira Zachilengedwe zaku Asia

East Asia ikugwira ntchito ngati injini yoyendetsa chuma padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mfundo zake zachigawo zimakhazikitsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. China, South Korea, Japan, ndi kuchulukirachulukira Kum'mawa kwa Russia akukulitsa utsogoleri wawo wapadziko lonse lapansi pakufufuza, kupanga zikhalidwe, ndikukhazikitsa mayendedwe olamulira ndi kasamalidwe. Ndi nthawi yosangalatsa ku East Asia yomwe imalonjeza mwayi waukulu.

Koma zochitika ziwiri zosokoneza zikuwopseza kuthetsa m'zaka za zana lino la Pacific. Kumbali imodzi, chitukuko chofulumira chachuma komanso kutsindika pazachuma zomwe zikubwera posachedwa-mosiyana ndi kukula kosatha-zathandizira kufalikira kwa zipululu, kuchepa kwa madzi abwino, komanso chikhalidwe cha ogula chomwe chimalimbikitsa katundu wotayidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mwakhungu ndalama za chilengedwe.

Kumbali ina, kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa ndalama zankhondo m’derali kukuwopseza kusokoneza lonjezo la chigawocho. Mu 2012, China inawonjezera ndalama zake zankhondo ndi 11 peresenti, kudutsa chizindikiro cha $ 100 biliyoni kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kuwonjezeka kwa manambala awiri kotereku kwathandizira kukakamiza anansi aku China kuti nawonso awonjezere ndalama zawo zankhondo. Dziko la South Korea lakhala likuwonjezera ndalama zomwe limagwiritsa ntchito pa usilikali, zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa kuti ziwonjezeke ndi 5 peresenti mu 2012. wachisanu ndi chimodzi wowononga kwambiri Padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kumeneku kwalimbikitsa mpikisano wa zida zankhondo womwe ukufalikira kale ku Southeast Asia, South Asia, ndi Central Asia.

Ndalama zonse izi zikugwirizana ndi ndalama zazikuluzikulu zankhondo ku United States, yemwe ndi woyambitsa nkhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Congress pakadali pano ikulingalira za bajeti ya Pentagon ya $ 607 biliyoni, yomwe ndi $ 3 biliyoni kuposa zomwe Purezidenti adapempha. United States yakhazikitsa gulu loyipa lachikoka m'gulu lankhondo. Pentagon imalimbikitsa anzawo ogwirizana nawo kuti awonjezere ndalama zawo kuti agule zida za US ndikusunga kugwirizana kwa machitidwe. Koma ngakhale United States ikuwona kudulidwa kwa Pentagon ngati gawo la mgwirizano wochepetsera ngongole, imapempha ogwirizana nawo kuti athane ndi zolemetsa zambiri. Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, Washington imakankhira ogwirizana nawo kuti apereke chuma chochulukirapo kwa asitikali, zomwe zimangolimbitsa mpikisano wa zida zankhondo mderali.

Atsogoleri a ndale a ku Ulaya ankalakalaka kontinenti yamtendere yogwirizana zaka 100 zapitazo. Koma mikangano yosathetsedwa yokhudzana ndi malo, chuma, ndi mbiri yakale, kuphatikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo, zidayambitsa nkhondo ziŵiri zapadziko lonse. Ngati atsogoleri aku Asia satenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wawo wa zida zankhondo, amakhala pachiwopsezo chofanana, mosasamala kanthu za zonena zawo zokhuza kukhalirana mwamtendere.

Pivot Yobiriwira

Zowopseza zachilengedwe komanso kuwononga ndalama zankhondo ndizo Scylla ndi Charybdis kuzungulira East Asia ndi dziko lapansi ziyenera kuyenda. Koma mwina zilombozi zikhoza kuukirana. Ngati onse ogwira nawo ntchito mumgwirizano wa East Asia akufotokozeranso "chitetezo" pamodzi kuti atchule makamaka zoopsa za chilengedwe, mgwirizano pakati pa magulu ankhondo kuti athetse mavuto a chilengedwe atha kukhala chothandizira kuti pakhale ndondomeko yatsopano yokhalira limodzi.

Maiko onse akuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono ndalama zawo pazachilengedwe - pulogalamu yotchuka yaku China 863, pulogalamu yolimbikitsa yobiriwira ya kayendetsedwe ka Obama, ndalama zobiriwira za Lee Myung-bak ku South Korea. Koma izi sizokwanira. Iyenera kutsagana ndi kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa asilikali wamba. Pazaka khumi zikubwerazi, China, Japan, Korea, United States ndi mayiko ena aku Asia akuyenera kuwongolera ndalama zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito pankhondo kuti athetse chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Ntchito yamagulu onse ankhondo m'mayiko onsewa iyenera kufotokozedwanso bwino, ndipo akuluakulu ankhondo omwe adakonzekerapo nkhondo zapamtunda ndi kuukira kwa mizinga ayenera kuyambiranso kuti ayang'ane ndi chiwopsezo chatsopanochi mogwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake.

Bungwe la America's Civil Conservation Corps, lomwe linagwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo monga gawo la kampeni yothana ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe ku United States m'zaka za m'ma 1930, lingakhale chitsanzo cha mgwirizano watsopano ku East Asia. Bungwe la NGO Future Forest labweretsa kale achinyamata aku Korea ndi aku China kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kubzala mitengo kuti "Great Green Wall" ikhale ndi chipululu cha Kubuchi. Motsogozedwa ndi kazembe wakale waku South Korea ku China Kwon Byung Hyun, Future Forest yalumikizana ndi anthu akumeneko kubzala mitengo ndikuteteza nthaka.

Gawo loyamba lingakhale kuti mayiko aitanitse Green Pivot Forum yomwe ikufotokoza zoopsa zazikulu za chilengedwe, zothandizira zomwe zimayenera kuthana ndi mavutowa, komanso kuwonekera poyera pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo kuti awonetsetse kuti mayiko onse akugwirizana za ziwerengero zoyambira.

Chotsatiracho chidzakhala chovuta kwambiri: kutengera ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito zankhondo zomwe zilipo panopa. Mwina gulu lankhondo la pamadzi likadagwira ntchito makamaka ndi kuteteza ndi kubwezeretsa nyanja, gulu lankhondo lamlengalenga litenga udindo woyendetsa mlengalenga ndi mpweya, gulu lankhondo lidzasamalira kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka ndi nkhalango, asitikali apanyanja athana ndi zovuta za chilengedwe, ndipo anzeru azisamalira mwadongosolo. Kuyang'anira momwe chilengedwe chiliri padziko lonse lapansi. M’zaka khumi zokha, ndalama zoposa 50 peresenti za ndalama zankhondo za China, Japan, Korea, ndi United States—komanso maiko ena—zikhala zoperekedwa kaamba ka kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kubwezeretsa chilengedwe.

Pamene cholinga cha kukonzekera zankhondo ndi kufufuza chikasinthidwa, mgwirizano udzatheka pamlingo umene poyamba unali wolota. Ngati mdani ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa United States, China, Japan, ndi Republic of Korea sizingatheke, ndizofunika kwambiri.

Monga maiko paokha komanso ngati gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi, tili ndi chosankha: Titha kupitiliza kuthamangitsa chitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhondo. Kapena titha kusankha kuthana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo: mavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zanyukiliya.

Mdani ali pazipata. Kodi tidzamvera kuyitanidwa kwautumiki kumeneku, kapena tidzangokwirira mitu yathu mumchenga?