Ndi David Swanson, May 22, 2019
Albion Winegar Tourgée akhoza kudziwika bwino tsopano, ngakhale osati m'moyo wake, monga woweruza woyang'anira Plessy v. Ferguson Nkhaniyi, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mgwirizano ngakhale wa kampani ya sitimayi, kuti am'gwire munthu wogwira m'galimoto yoyipa, atenge nkhaniyo kukhoti, ndi kuthetsa tsankho pa sitima - pokhapokha atabwerera Apatuko wonyansa ndi wovomerezeka kwa zaka zoposa 50.
Ntchito ya Tourgée sizinali zochitika zokha, ndipo mphamvu yake siinathe. Iye anali mmodzi mwa mau oyera oyera kwambiri omwe ali ndi ufulu wofanana kwa anthu akuda m'zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ya US. Ndikufuna kufotokoza ndi kuganizira gawo lalifupi lopezeka m'mabuku ake, Wopusa Errand. Bukhuli linali losavuta kugulitsidwa ku 1879, lofalitsidwa mosadziwika "ndi mmodzi wa opusa."
Bukhu la semi-autobiographically linalongosola zoyesayesa za wolemba kuti adzichoke yekha ndi banja lake kuchokera kumpoto kupita ku Greensboro, North Carolina, pambuyo pa nkhondo, kuti athandizidwe kumanganso. Bukuli likunenetsa zoopsa za ugawenga wa Ku Klux Klan kwa anthu akuda ndi azungu omwe akulimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu akuda. Pamene ndime yomwe ndikuyandikira kuti ndiyikire ija, bukuli silitero. Amapereka maonekedwe a azungu ndi akuda ochokera kumwera ndi kumpoto, kuphatikizapo Southern Unionists ndi mafuko amtundu wa Northerners.
Kuchita zowonjezera kuli kofunika kuwamvetsera - ndi zina zotero, chifukwa zimalongosola zaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni, yomwe ili m'mbiri yeniyeni yosavuta yopezeka m'mabuku olembedwa, inali nthawi ya kusintha komwe anthu amdima adasankha ndipo anasankhidwa , ndipo zomwe zisanachitike, zinayambitsa tsankho komanso lynchings. Mu nkhani ya Tourgée, tsankho lomwe linatsatira, makamaka ku South, kale, ndi lynchings, ndipo kusintha kungangobwera kudzera mu maphunziro. Tourgée imaima m'nkhani ya buku lake kuti afotokoze kuti North ndi South zikulephera kuti amvetsetse wina ndi mnzake:
"ANTE BELLUM
"Lingaliro la Kumpoto la Ukapolo.
"Ukapolo ndi wolakwika mwamakhalidwe, ndale, ndi zachuma. Zimaloledwa kokha chifukwa cha mtendere ndi bata. The negro ndi munthu, ndipo ali nawo ufulu wofanana ndi mtundu woyera. "
"Lingaliro lakumwera la Ukapolo.
"Ndalamayi ndi yoyenera kwa ukapolo. Izo zimaloledwa ndi Baibulo, ndipo izo ziyenera kukhala zolondola; kapena, ngati siziri zolondola, ndizosapeweka, tsopano mpikisano uli pakati pathu. Ife sitingakhoze kukhala nawo iwo mu chikhalidwe china chirichonse. "
"Lingaliro la kumpoto la lingaliro lakumwera.
"Anthu akummwera aja amadziwa kuti ukapolo ndi wolakwika, ndipo sagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha boma lathu; koma ndi chinthu chabwino kwa iwo. Amakhala olemera ndi olemera, ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yabwino, chifukwa cha izo; ndipo palibe amene angawadzudzule chifukwa chosafuna kusiya. "
"Maganizo a Kummwera kwa Maganizo a Kumpoto.
"Yankees amenewo ndi nsanje chifukwa timapindulitsa ukapolo, kukulitsa thonje ndi fodya, ndipo amafuna kutitengera akapolo athu ku nsanje. Iwo samakhulupirira mawu a zomwe akunena zokhuza kwawo, kupatula ochepa chabe. Ena onse ndi onyenga. "
"POST BELLUM
"Lingaliro la Kumpoto la Mkhalidwe.
"Ma negroes ali mfulu tsopano, ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wokwanira kudzipanga okha. Chomwe chimadzinenera kuti iwo ali otsika akhoza kukhala chowonadi. Sizingakhale zovomerezeka zokha; koma, zoona kapena zabodza, ali ndi ufulu wofanana pamaso pa lamulo. Izi ndi zomwe nkhondo inatanthauza, ndipo izi ziyenera kutetezedwa kwa iwo. Zina zonse ayenera kupeza momwe angathere, kapena kusachita, monga amasankha. "
"Lingaliro la Kumwera la Mkhalidwe.
"Ife tataya akapolo athu, katundu wathu wa banki, chirichonse, ndi nkhondo. Tapunthidwa, ndipo tadzipereka moona mtima: ukapolo wapita, ndithudi. Kapolo tsopano ndi mfulu, koma iye si woyera. Ife tiribe chilakolako choipa kwa munthu wachikuda monga choncho ndi mmalo mwake; koma iye sali olingana nawo, sangathe kukhala olingana nawo, ndipo sitidzakhala olamulidwa ndi iye, kapena kuvomereza kuti ali mgwirizano ndi mtundu woyera mu mphamvu. Tilibe chotsutsana ndi kuvota kwake, malinga ngati akuvota monga mbuye wake akale, kapena munthu amene amamuvutitsa, amamuchenjeza; Koma, akafuna kuvota mosiyana, ayenera kutenga zotsatira zake. "
"Lingaliro la kumpoto la lingaliro lakumwera.
"Tsopano kuti njala ndivotere, anthu akummwera amayenera kumuchitira bwino, chifukwa iwo adzafunikira voti. The negro idzakhalabe yoona kwa boma ndi phwandolo yomwe inamupatsa ufulu, ndi kuti ateteze kusungidwa kwake. Okwanira a azungu a Kummwera adzapita nawo, chifukwa cha udindo ndi mphamvu, kuti athe kuwongolera mpaka kalekale maiko amenewo. The negroes adzapita kuntchito, ndipo zinthu pang'onopang'ono kudzisintha okha. Kum'mwera kulibe ufulu wodandaula. Iwo akanakhala ndi njala ngati akapolo, ankasunga dzikoli mwachisokonezo nthawi zonse chifukwa cha iwo, anabweretsa pa nkhondo chifukwa sitingapeze kuthawa kwawo, kupha amuna miliyoni; ndipo tsopano sangathe kudandaula ngati chida chomwe iwo adagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu chikuwatsutsa, ndipo amapangidwa njira zowonetsera zolakwika zomwe iwowo adzipanga. Zingakhale zovuta; koma adzaphunzira kuchita bwinoko pambuyo pake. "
"Lingaliro lakummwera la Ide Northern.
"Ndalamayi imapanga voti kuti azinyoza ndi kunyalanyaza anthu oyera a Kumwera. Kumpoto sikusamala kanthu za nkhanza ngati munthu, koma kumangom'gonjetsa kuti atipatse manyazi komanso kutipweteka. Inde, sizimapangitsa kusiyana kwa anthu a kumpoto ngati ali voti kapena ayi. Pali amuna amitundu yochepa kumeneko, kuti palibe mantha a mmodzi wa iwo akusankhidwa kuti apite kuntchito, kupita ku Bungwe la Malamulo, kapena kukhala pa benchi. Cholinga chonse cha muyeso ndikunyoza ndi kunyoza. Koma dikirani mpaka dziko libwezeretsedwe ndipo "Blue Coats" sali panjira, ndipo tiwawonetsa cholakwika chawo. "
Tsopano, zingakhale zoonekeratu kwa ife kuti iyi ndi kukambirana pakati pa amuna oyera ndi amuna akuda, ngati kuti palibe akazi - komanso kuti si onse oyera omwe amawonanso chimodzimodzi. Koma mfundo ndi yakuti sikulumikizana konse. Palibe mbali yomwe ingamve wina. Aliyense amatenga wina kuti abodza, chifukwa kwenikweni kukhulupirira zomwe akunenedwa kungakhale kosangoganiza. A imatenga B kuyang'ana dziko mocheperapo monga A amachitira, osati kudetsa nkhawa kuti ayese kuona dziko monga B.
Tourgée ankadziwa bwino kuti sizingaganizidwe zonse, kuti anthu akhoza kudzinyenga. Koma, kaya zikhulupiliro zili zabwino kapena ayi, zitha kukhulupiliridwa. Anali kunena kuti tizitenga zomwe anthu ena amakhulupirira. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe tingathe kuchita lero. Ngati wina akunena kuti amakhulupirira kusankhana mitundu ku United States makamaka amapangidwa ndi zida za ku Russia zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, akhoza kapena sakudziwa za mbiri yakale ya US, mwina akhoza kuthandizira kwambiri Hillary Clinton, mwina kapena ayi kudziwa chirichonse chokhudza mbiri ya Hillary Clinton; Mfundo ndi yakuti iwo amakhulupiriradi zomwe akunena kuti amachita. Zomwezo zimapita kwa wina yemwe akunena kuti akuchita mantha ndi ISIS kutenga boma lawo ku Kansas, koma amadzinenera kuti alibe mantha kapena nkhawa za zida za nyukiliya kapena kuwononga chilengedwe. Kapena wina amene akukuuzani kuti mabiliyoni angapo ali kumbali ya anthu osauka omwe amatsutsana nawo. Njira yothetsera zikhulupiliro zoterezi sichidzapezeka powasiya ngati opanda pake kapena kuwonetsa kuti adzathetsedwa ndi demokarasi kapena msika.
Kuganiza kuti ena amaganiza zomwe akunena akuganiza kuti zingakhale zolimbikitsa kwambiri ku US ndondomeko yachilendo. Mwachitsanzo:
Lingaliro la US
Ngati North Korea idzaleka kumanga zida ndi kuopseza, ndikudzipereka ku chifuniro chathu, tidzatha kupatsa phindu lonse la chitukuko chathu, kuthetsa njala ndi kuzunzika komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi zobwerera kwawo, zosadziwika, ndi njira zopotoka .
Chikhalidwe cha North Korea
Ngati a US akanaleka kumanga zida ndi kuopseza, ndi kutichitira chimodzimodzi, ndiye kuti tingaleke kumanga zida ndikugwiritsira ntchito zosowa za anthu m'malo mwake. Ngati a US akanaletsa chilango chake choopsa, sitidzakhala ndi njala ndi kuzunzidwa kumene US amalenga ndikutidzudzula.
Maganizo a US ku North Korea Idea
Kudzikuza uku kumachitika misala. Mtundu wachinyengo kwambiri uyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yofunikira ya mayiko ena kupatulapo Global Police, omwe ntchito yawo ndi yowakakamiza kuti achite zimenezo. Ochita zigawenga nthawi zonse amatsutsa apolisi awo, koma amadziwa bwino ndipo akungopanga mlandu kuti asokoneze anthu awo.
Chikhalidwe cha kumpoto kwa Korea Cholinga cha US
Taleka kumanga zida ndi kuopseza, pamene United States yachita chimodzimodzi. Chifukwa chimene sitingathe kuchita ndi umodzi kuti United States kamodzi inawononge dziko lathu lonse, idaliyipitsa, lilipasula, ndikupha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Sitikufunsidwa kuti tiopsezedwe kachiwiri, ndipo US sakanatipempha kuti tiwonongeke kachiwiri ngati sakufuna kuchitanso.
Kapena, pali izi:
Lingaliro la US
Iran akukana kugwira ntchito nafe. Israeli ndi Arabia Saudi akunena kuti ziyenera kupha bomba. N'zoonekeratu kuti simungaganizirane nawo. The lunatics anatenga anthu athu akapolo ku ambassy popanda chifukwa. Iwo akumanga zipangizo za nyukiliya popanda chifukwa. Ife tayesa chirichonse chochepa cha nkhondo kuti tipatse anthu a Irani boma labwinopo, ndipo iwo akana.
Iran Idea
Ambassy wa ku America anagonjetsa boma lathu ku 1953. Ndani adamvapo kuti ali ndi mapulumulo osagwedezeka ku ambassy wa US? Sitidzipha - ndi chifukwa chake sitinayambe kuopseza kapena kuyambitsa nkhondo muzaka mazana ambiri. Koma US akutitumizira zilango ndi opha ndi othawa, mabodza ndi oyang'anira - ndi zoopseza ku mayiko oyandikana nawo omwe US awononga kale. Timavomereza mgwirizano wopanda pake, ndipo kenako US amachokera kwa iwo; kodi ndife Amwenye Achimereka? Kodi ndi chifukwa chake akulonjeza kuti atiwononga?
Lingaliro la US la Iranian Idea
Kodi ndi chiyani chosamveka bwino ndi mbiri yakale yomwe anthu ammbuyo amasonyeza? United States inapereka Iran kukhala mtsogoleri wabwino komanso wopita patsogolo. Mwana wake ali wokonzeka ndi kuyembekezera. Anthu a ku Iran sakhala osayamika ngati ulamuliro wonyengerera ukuwalamulira. Tidzalandiridwa ngati omasula mkati mwa maola angapo pamene potsiriza tidzakhala ndi mitsempha yowomba mabomba.
Iran Idea ya Chikhalidwe cha US
Ife tikupanga mphamvu za nyukiliya mphamvu za nyukiliya, mwina ndife otsimikiza kuti ndife, makamaka pakalipano. Sikuti aliyense ali ndi nkhanza zakupha! United States ikufalitsa mphamvu za nyukiliya ku malo monga Saudi Arabia, monga momwe idasinthira pazaka 50 zapitazo. Mwina tiyenera kuchenjeza Saudi Arabia za tsogolo.
