Izi zimafika mozama kuposa momwe nkhondo imakhalira.
Ife takhala nazo zochuluka za izo. Sitinauzidwe kuti a Taliban anali okonzeka kupereka bin Laden kudziko losalowerera ndale kuti akaimbidwe mlandu. Sitinauzidwe kuti a Taliban anali olekerera al Qaeda, komanso gulu losiyana. Sitinauzidwe kuti ziwopsezo za 911 zidakonzedwanso ku Germany ndi Maryland ndi malo ena osiyanasiyana omwe sanalembedwe kuti aphulitsidwe. Sitinauzidwe kuti ambiri mwa anthu omwe adzafera ku Afghanistan, ochulukirapo kuposa omwe adamwalira pa 911, sikuti adangothandizira 911 koma sanamvepo. Sitinauzidwe kuti boma lathu lipha anthu ambiri, kumanga anthu popanda kuwazenga mlandu, kupachika anthu ndi mapazi awo ndi kuwakwapula mpaka kufa. Sitinauzidwe momwe nkhondo yosaloledwa imeneyi idzapititsira patsogolo kuvomerezedwa kwa nkhondo zosaloledwa kapena momwe idzapangitse United States kudedwa m’maiko ambiri. Sitinadziwe momwe US idalowerera ku Afghanistan ndikuyambitsa kuwukiridwa kwa Soviet ndi kukana zida za Soviet ndikuwasiyira anthu chifundo chankhondo atangochoka. Sitinauzidwe kuti Tony Blair amafuna Afghanistan kaye asanatenge UK kuti iwononge Iraq. Sitinauzidwe kuti bin Laden anali mnzake wa boma la US, kuti olanda 911 ambiri anali Saudi, kapena kuti pakhoza kukhala vuto lililonse ndi boma la Saudi Arabia. Ndipo palibe amene anatchula mabiliyoni ambiri a madola omwe tingawononge kapena ufulu wachibadwidwe womwe tidzataya kunyumba kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kungawononge chilengedwe. Ngakhale mbalame osapitanso ku Afghanistan.
CHABWINO. Ndizo zonse zamtundu uliwonse, zotsatsa zankhondo. Anthu amene amatchera khutu amadziwa zonsezi. Anthu omwe safuna kudziwa chilichonse mwa izi ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chomaliza cha olemba usilikali kulikonse. Ndipo musalole kuti nthawi yapitayi ikupusitseni. White House ikuyesera kuti dziko la Afghanistan lipitirire zaka XNUMX ("ndi kupitirira"), ndipo nkhani zakhala zikutuluka sabata ino zokhudza kutumiza asilikali a US ku Iraq. Koma pali chinanso.
Ndangowerenga buku labwino kwambiri la Anand Gopal lotchedwaPalibe Amuna Abwino Pakati pa Amoyo: America, Taliban, ndi Nkhondo Kudzera mu Maso a Afghan. Gopal wakhala zaka zambiri ku Afghanistan, adaphunzira zilankhulo zakomweko, adafunsa anthu mozama, adafufuza nkhani zawo, ndikupanga buku loona zaupandu logwira mtima kwambiri, komanso lolondola, kuposa chilichonse chomwe Truman Capote adabwera nacho. Buku la Gopal lili ngati buku lomwe limalumikizana ndi nkhani za anthu angapo - nkhani zomwe nthawi zina zimagwirizana. Ndi mtundu wa buku lomwe limandidetsa nkhawa kuti ndiwononga ndikanena zambiri za tsogolo la otchulidwa, ndiye ndisamale.
Otchulidwawo akuphatikiza aku America, Afghans ogwirizana ndi US kulanda, Afghans omwe akumenya nkhondo ndi US, ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe akuyesera kuti apulumuke - kuphatikiza ndikusintha kukhulupirika kwawo kugulu lililonse lomwe likuwoneka kuti silingathe kuwatsekera kapena kuwapha. Zomwe tikupeza kuchokera ku izi sikuti adani, nawonso, ndi anthu. Timapeza kuti anthu omwewo amasintha kuchoka ku gulu kupita ku gulu lina mosavuta. Kusokonekera kwa mfundo za US occupation de-Baathification ku Iraq zakambidwa kwambiri. Kutaya onse aluso ndi opha zida ntchito sikunakhale kusuntha kwanzeru kwambiri. Koma taganizirani zomwe zinayambitsa izi: lingaliro lakuti aliyense amene anachirikiza ulamuliro woipa anali woipa kwambiri (ngakhale Ronald Reagan ndi Donald Rumsfeld adathandiziranso ulamuliro woipawo - chabwino, chitsanzo choipa, koma mukuwona zomwe ndikutanthauza). Ku Afghanistan malingaliro ojambulidwa omwewo, kugwa komweko kwa mabodza amunthu, kudapitilira.
Anthu aku Afghanistan omwe nkhani zawo zafotokozedwa pano zikutsatiridwa ndi Pakistan, kapena motsutsana ndi USSR, ndi kapena kutsutsana ndi a Taliban, ndi US ndi NATO, pomwe mafunde amwayi adasintha. Ena anayesa kupeza ndalama zopezera ntchito zamtendere pamene mwayiwo unawonekera, kuphatikizapo kuyambika kwa ntchito ya US. A Taliban adawonongedwa mwachangu mu 2001 kudzera pakuphatikizika kwamphamvu zakupha komanso kuthawa. Kenako US idayamba kusaka aliyense yemwe anali membala wa Taliban. Koma awa adaphatikizanso anthu ambiri omwe akutsogolera boma la US - ndipo atsogoleri ambiri ogwirizana nawo adaphedwa ndikugwidwa ngakhale. osati kukhala a Taliban, chifukwa cha kupusa komanso katangale. Nthawi zambiri takhala tikumva momwe mphotho za $ 5000 zomwe zikulendewera pamaso pa anthu osauka zimabweretsa zabodza zomwe zidapangitsa adani awo ku Bagram kapena Guantanamo. Koma buku la Gopal limafotokoza momwe kuchotsedwa kwa anthu ofunikirawa nthawi zambiri kumawonongetsa madera, ndikutembenuzira madera motsutsana ndi United States yomwe kale idafuna kuthandizira. Kuwonjezera pa izi nkhanza ndi zachipongwe mabanja onse, kuphatikizapo akazi ndi ana anagwidwa ndi kuzunzidwa ndi asilikali US, ndi chitsitsimutso cha Taliban pansi pa ntchito US kuyamba kuonekera. Bodza lomwe tauzidwa kuti tifotokoze ndikuti US idasokonezedwa ndi Iraq. Zolemba za Gopal, komabe, zosonyeza kuti a Taliban adatsitsimutsanso pomwe asitikali aku US amakhazikitsa lamulo lachiwawa osati pomwe mayiko ena akukambirana zosagwirizana ndikugwiritsa ntchito, mukudziwa, mawu.
Timapeza apa nkhani ya anthu osadziwika bwino komanso osamvetsetsa omwe akuzunza komanso kupha anzawo amphamvu kwambiri, kutumiza ena a iwo ku Gitmo - ngakhale kutumiza kwa anyamata achichepere a Gitmo omwe cholakwa chawo chokha chinali kugwiriridwa ndi US. ogwirizana. Kuopsa munkhani yamtunduwu yomwe imalowa mozama mu kuphwanya kwa ulamuliro wa Kafkan ndi mphamvu zopanda nzeru zaukali ndikuti owerenga angaganize kuti: Tiyeni tichite bwino nkhondo yotsatira. Ngati ntchito sizingagwire ntchito, tiyeni tingowombera ndikuchoka. Zomwe ndimayankha: Inde, zinthu zikuyenda bwanji ku Libya? Phunziro loti tiphunzire sikuti nkhondo zimayendetsedwa molakwika, koma kuti anthu si Anyamata Abwino Kapena Oipa. Ndipo nayi gawo lovuta: Izi zikuphatikizapo anthu aku Russia.
Mukufuna kuchita china chothandiza ku Afghanistan? Pitani Pano. Kapena Pano.
