Asayansi aku Europe Otsutsana ndi Kukonzanso: Manifesto

Ndi Carlo Rovelli, Flavio Del Santo, ndi asayansi omwe asainidwa pansipa, pa 13 Marichi, 2025

Monga asayansi - ambiri a ife omwe timagwira ntchito m'magawo omwe ukadaulo wankhondo umakulitsidwira - monga anzeru, monga nzika zomwe zimadziwa zoopsa zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, tikukhulupirira kuti masiku ano ndi udindo wa munthu aliyense wofuna zabwino kukweza mawu ake motsutsana ndi pempho la usilikali ku Europe, ndikulimbikitsa kukambirana, kulekerera, ndi zokambirana. Kuukira mwadzidzidzi kwa usilikali sikusunga mtendere; kumabweretsa nkhondo.

Atsogoleri athu andale akunena kuti ali okonzeka kumenyana kuti ateteze mfundo zomwe akumadzulo amanena kuti zili pachiwopsezo; kodi ali okonzeka kuteteza kufunika kwa moyo wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi? Mikangano padziko lonse lapansi ikukwera. Malinga ndi United Nations (2023), gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a anthu amakhala m'madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi nkhondo. Nkhondo pakati pa Russia ndi Ukraine, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi mayiko a NATO ndi zifukwa za 'kuteteza mfundo', ikusiya anthu okwana miliyoni imodzi omwe afa. Chiwopsezo cha kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Palestina ndi gulu lankhondo la Israeli lothandizidwa ndi Kumadzulo kwapadziko lonse lapansi chavomerezedwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu la Zachilungamo Padziko Lonse. Nkhondo zankhanza zikuchitika ku Africa, monga ku Sudan, kapena ku Democratic Republic of Congo, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zamchere za ku Africa. "Doomsday Clock of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists", yomwe imawerengera zoopsa za tsoka la nyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi, sinalembepo chiopsezo chachikulu ngati lero.

Poopa kuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine komanso kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa United States, Europe ikumva kuti yasiyidwa ndipo ikuopa kuti mtendere ndi chitukuko chake zingakhale pachiwopsezo. Andale akuchitapo kanthu mosaganizira bwino ndi pempho loti asonkhanitse, pamlingo wa kontinenti, chuma chambiri kuti apange zida zambiri zakupha ndi kuwononga. Pa Marichi 4, 2025, Purezidenti wa European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, adatulutsa "ReArm Europe Plan", ponena kuti "Europe yakonzeka ndipo ikhoza kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso cholinga chomwe chikufunika. [...] Tili mu nthawi yokonzanso zida. Ndipo Europe yakonzeka kuwonjezera ndalama zake zodzitetezera." Makampani ankhondo, omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu pa andale ndi atolankhani, akuwomba moto wa nkhani yowonekera yankhondo. "Mantha a Russia" akuyambitsidwa ngati munthu wopusa, kunyalanyaza mosavuta kuti Russia ili ndi GDP yotsika kuposa Italy yokha. Andale amanena mosapita m'mbali kuti Russia ili ndi zolinga zokulitsa dziko la Europe, zomwe zikuopseza Berlin, Paris ndi Warsaw, pomwe yangosonyeza kuti sinathe ngakhale kutenga satellite yake yakale, Kiev. Nkhani zofalitsa nkhondo nthawi zonse zimalimbikitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa mantha ochulukirapo. Ndi zokambirana, Europe ikhoza kubwerera ku mtendere wake komanso mgwirizano wake ndi Russia womwe nkhani yotembereredwa ya ku Ukraine yasokoneza.

Lingaliro lakuti mtendere umadalira kugonjetsa mbali zina limangobweretsa kukwera kwachuma, ndipo kukwera kwachuma kumabweretsa nkhondo. Nkhondo Yozizira sinakhale nkhondo 'yotentha' ndipo andale anzeru ochokera mbali zonse ziwiri adatha kuthana ndi kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu kwa malingaliro ndi "mafunso awo a mfundo" ndikuvomerezana pakuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa zida zawo za nyukiliya. Mapangano a nyukiliya a START pakati pa USA ndi Soviet Union adatsogolera ku kuwonongedwa kwa 80% ya zida za nyukiliya padziko lapansi. Asayansi ndi anzeru mbali zonse ziwiri adachita gawo lodziwika bwino pakukakamiza andale kuti achepetse kukwera kwachuma. Mu 1955, m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino afilosofi a m'zaka za m'ma 20, katswiri wa masamu, komanso wopambana Mphoto ya Nobel mu mabuku, Bertrand Russell ndi wopambana mphoto ya Nobel mu fizikisi Albert Einstein adasaina chikalata cholimbikitsa, ndipo Msonkhano wa Pugwash, wouziridwa ndi icho, unasonkhanitsa asayansi a mbali zonse ziwiri, kukakamiza kuti kugwe kwachuma. Mu 1959, Russell atapemphedwa kuti asiye uthenga kwa ana a m'tsogolo, anayankha kuti: “M’dziko lino, lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri, tiyenera kuphunzira kulekererana, tiyenera kuphunzira kupirira mfundo yakuti anthu ena amanena zinthu zomwe sitikonda. Tikhoza kungokhala limodzi mwanjira imeneyo. Koma ngati tikufuna kukhala limodzi, osati kufa limodzi, tiyenera kuphunzira mtundu wa chikondi ndi mtundu wa kulekerera, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti moyo wa anthu upitirire padziko lapansi lino.” Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito cholowa chanzeru ichi.

Mikangano ikuluikulu nthawi zonse yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndalama zambiri zankhondo. Kuyambira mu 2009, ndalama zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi zafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri chaka chilichonse, pomwe ndalama za 2024 zafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa madola 2443 biliyoni. "ReArm Europe Plan" ikulonjeza Europe kuti igwiritse ntchito ndalama zokwana ma euro 800 biliyoni pazankhondo. Purezidenti wapano wa USA komanso Purezidenti wapano wa Russia posachedwapa anena kuti ali okonzeka kuyamba zokambirana zokonzanso ubale wawo komanso kuchepetsa bwino zankhondo. Purezidenti wa China akupempha mobwerezabwereza kuti pakhale kutsika kwachuma ndikuchoka pamalingaliro otsutsana kupita ku malingaliro ogwirizana 'opambana onse'. Iyi ndi njira yoti mupite. Ndipo tsopano Europe ikukonzekera nkhondo, ndi ndalama zatsopano zankhondo zomwe zakonzedwa kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Kodi Europe tsopano ikufunitsitsa kugwedeza malupanga chifukwa ikumva kuti yasiyidwa?

Anthu akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu padziko lonse lapansi: kusintha kwa nyengo, njala kum'mwera kwa dziko lonse lapansi, kusalingana kwakukulu kwachuma, kuopsa kwa miliri, nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Chinthu chomaliza chomwe tikufuna lero ndi Dziko Lakale kuti tisinthe kuchoka pa kukhazikika ndi mtendere kupita ku kukhala mtsogoleri watsopano wankhondo.

Si vis pacem para pacem—Ngati mukufuna mtendere, pangani mtendere, osati nkhondo.

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Anthu a chifuniro chabwino, kaya asayansi kapena ayi, alandiridwa saina chiganizo ichi apa.