by Nkhani za CO-OP, September 17, 2021
Ernst Friedrich (1894-1967)
Ernst Friedrich, yemwe anayambitsa Anti-War Museum ku Berlin, adabadwa pa 25 February 1894 ku Breslau. Ali akadali wachinyamata anali akuchita nawo gulu lazachinyamata. Mu 1911, atasiya kuphunzira ntchito yosindikiza, adakhala membala wa Social Democratic Party (SPD). Mu 1916 adalowa nawo achinyamata omwe amatsutsana ndi zankhondo ndipo adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende atawononga kampani yofunika kwambiri yankhondo.
Monga mtsogoleri wapa »anarchism wachinyamata« adamenya nkhondo yankhondo komanso nkhondo, motsutsana ndi zomwe apolisi ndi chilungamo chachita. Mu 1919 adatenga malo achichepere a »Free Socialist Youth« (FSJ) ku Berlin ndikusandutsa malo osonkhanira achichepere odana ndi zankhanza komanso ojambula.
Kuphatikiza pakupanga ziwonetsero adapita ku Germany ndikupereka zokambirana pagulu powerenga olemba anti-wankhondo komanso owolowa manja ngati Erich Mühsam, Maxim Gorki, Fjodor Dostojewski ndi Leo Tolstoi.
M'zaka za makumi awiri Ernst Friedrich, yemwe anali wolimbana ndi nkhondo, anali atadziwika kale ku Berlin chifukwa cha buku lake la "War against War!« Pomwe adatsegula Museum yake ya Anti-War ku 29, Parochial Street. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi idakhala likulu lazikhalidwe komanso zankhondo mpaka pomwe idawonongedwa ndi a Nazi mu Marichi 1933 ndipo woyambitsa wawo adamangidwa.
Buku la Friedrich »Nkhondo Yolimbana ndi Nkhondo!« (1924) ndichithunzithunzi chodabwitsa chomwe chikulemba zowopsa zankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Zinamupangitsa kukhala wodziwika bwino ku Germany komanso kunja kwake. Chifukwa cha chopereka adatha kugula nyumba yakale ku Berlin komwe adakhazikitsa »First International Anti-War Museum«.
Atakhala m'ndende kale Friedrich asanawonongedwe pazachuma pomwe adatsutsidwanso mu 1930. Komabe adakwanitsa kubweretsa nkhokwe yake yamtengo wapatali kunja.
Mu Marichi 1933 asitikali ankhondo a Nazi, otchedwa SA, adawononga Anti-War Museum ndipo Friedrich adamangidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho. Pambuyo pake iye ndi banja lake adasamukira ku Belgium, komwe adatsegula »II. Nyumba Yotsutsa Nkhondo «. Asitikali aku Germany atalowa nawo adalowa nawo French Resistance. Atamasulidwa ku France adakhala nzika yaku France komanso membala wa Socialist Party.
Ndi kulipidwa komwe adalandira kuchokera ku Germany Friedrich adatha kugula malo pafupi ndi Paris, komwe adakhazikitsa malo otchedwa »Ile de la Paix«, likulu la mtendere ndi kumvetsetsa kwamayiko komwe magulu achichepere aku Germany ndi France akhoza kukumana. Mu 1967 Ernst Friedrich adamwalira ku Le Perreux sur Marne.
Anti-War Museum lero ikukumbukira Ernst Friedrich ndi nkhani ya nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndi ma chart, zithunzi ndi makanema.
https://www.anti-kriegs-museum.de/english/start1.html
Anti-Kriegs-Museum eV
Brussels Str. 21
D-13353 Berlin
Foni: 0049 030 45 49 01 10
lotseguka tsiku lililonse 16.00 - 20.00 (komanso Lamlungu ndi tchuthi)
Pamaulendo oyendera magulu imbani nawonso 0049 030 402 86 91
