Popanda kuganizira za tradeoffs kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, nkhondo imayika pachiwopsezo zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Zida zankhondo zimatha dala kapena mwangozi apocalypse. Tikhoza kuthetsa zida zonse za nyukiliya kapena tikhoza kuziwona zikuchuluka. Palibe njira yapakati. Sitingakhale opanda zida za nyukiliya, kapena titha kukhala ndi zambiri. Iyi si mfundo yamakhalidwe abwino kapena yomveka, koma kuwunikira kothandiza komwe kumathandizidwa ndi kafukufuku m'mabuku ngati Apocalypse Never: Kupanga Njira ku Dziko Lopanda Zida za Nyukiliya ndi Tad Daley. Malingana ngati mayiko ena ali ndi zida za nyukiliya ena amazilakalaka, ndipo pokhala nazo kwambiri amafalikira kwa ena. The Doomsday Clock ndi pafupi pakati pausiku monga momwe zimakhalira. Ngati zida za nyukiliya zipitirizabe kukhalapo, mwachionekere padzakhala tsoka la nyukiliya, ndipo pamene zida zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, m’pamene zidzabwera mofulumira. Zochitika zambirimbiri zatsala pang'ono kuwononga dziko lathu lapansi mwa ngozi, chisokonezo, kusamvetsa, ndi machismo opanda nzeru kwambiri. Mukawonjezerapo mwayi wowonjezereka wa zigawenga zomwe sizigawo za boma kupeza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zida za nyukiliya, ngoziyi imakula kwambiri - ndipo imangowonjezedwa ndi ndondomeko za nyukiliya zomwe zimagwirizana ndi uchigawenga m'njira zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikulanda zigawenga zambiri.
Kukhala ndi zida za nyukiliya sikumatiteteza; palibe kugulitsana komwe kumakhudza kuwathetsa. Saletsa zigawenga za anthu omwe si a boma mwanjira iliyonse. Komanso sawonjezera kamphindi kakang'ono ku mphamvu ya asilikali kuti alepheretse mayiko kuti asawukire, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya United States yowononga chilichonse paliponse nthawi iliyonse ndi zida zopanda nyukiliya. Nukes nawonso sapambana nkhondo, ndipo United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, ndi China onse ataya nkhondo motsutsana ndi mayiko omwe si a nyukiliya ali ndi zida za nyukiliya. Komanso, nkhondo ya nyukiliya yapadziko lonse ikachitika, zida zankhondo zamtundu uliwonse zingateteze mtundu mwanjira ina iliyonse ku apocalypse.
Ngakhale kuti nkhondo ndi anthu zili pamodzi, nkhondo imaika anthu pangozi m’njira zinanso. Monga opanga nkhondo apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omanga maziko, ogulitsa zida, komanso owononga zida zankhondo - nthawi zonse m'dzina la "chitetezo" - chitsanzo cha United States chikuwonetsa bwino kuti nkhondo ndiyopanda phindu pazokha. Mwachionekere, izo zimaika pangozi awo amene zikuwalipiriridwa, komanso zimaika pangozi awo amene maboma awo amazilipira, kuzipereka ndalama, kapena kuzipanga zida zakutali. A December 2014 Gallup posankha a mayiko a 65 adapeza kuti United States kukhala kutali ndi kutali komwe dzikoli likuwoneka kuti ndilo lalikulu kwambiri potsata mtendere padziko lapansi, ndi Chisankho cha Pew mu 2017 adapeza ambiri m'maiko ambiri omwe adafunsidwa akuwona United States ngati chiwopsezo. Dziko lina lililonse lomwe likuyembekeza kufanana ndi United States pamavoti awa liyenera kumenya nkhondo zambiri "zodzitchinjiriza" zisanadzetse mantha ndi mkwiyo womwewo. Si dziko lokhalo kunja kwa United States kapena kunja kwa asitikali aku US omwe akudziwa za vutoli. Zakhala chizolowezi kwa akuluakulu ankhondo aku US, nthawi zambiri atangopuma, kukangana kuti nkhondo kapena machenjerero osiyanasiyana akupanga adani atsopano kuposa adani omwe akuwapha. Uchigawenga wakula motsimikizika panthawi yankhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga (monga momwe akuwonera ndi Global Terrorism Index). Pafupifupi onse (99.5%) a zigawenga akuukira m'mayiko omwe akukumana ndi nkhondo komanso / kapena kuzunzidwa monga kundende popanda kuimbidwa mlandu, kuzunza, kapena kupha osayeruzika. Miyeso yabwino kwambiri yauchigawenga ili mu "kumasulidwa" ndi "democratized" Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Magulu achigawenga omwe amachititsa uchigawenga (ndiko kuti, osati boma, nkhanza zandale) kuzungulira dziko lapansi akhala akulimbana ndi nkhondo za ku United States motsutsana ndi chigawenga.
Nazi mfundo zina zomwe zafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi Sayansi Yamtendere Digest: “Kutumizidwa kwa asitikali kudziko lina kumawonjezera mwayi wa zigawenga zochokera m’dzikolo. Kutumiza zida kudziko lina kumawonjezera mwayi woukira kuchokera ku mabungwe achigawenga ochokera kudzikolo. 95% ya zigawenga zonse zodzipha zimachitika pofuna kulimbikitsa alendo kuti achoke m'dziko la zigawengazo." Nkhondo za ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan, komanso kuzunzidwa kwa akaidi panthawiyi, zidakhala zida zazikulu zolembera zauchigawenga za US. Mu 2006, mabungwe azamalamulo aku US adapanga National Intelligence Estimate yomwe idafika pamfundoyi. The Associated Press inati:
"Nkhondo ya ku Iraq yakhala chifukwa cha zigawenga zachisilamu, zomwe zikuyambitsa mkwiyo waukulu ku US zomwe mwina zidzaipiraipira zisanakhale bwino, akatswiri azamalamulo aku federal amamaliza lipoti lomwe likusemphana ndi zomwe Purezidenti Bush akunena za dziko lomwe likukula bwino. . . . [T] akadaulo akale kwambiri mdzikolo akuti ngakhale awonongeka kwambiri utsogoleri wa al-Qaida, ziwopsezo zochokera ku zigawenga zachisilamu zafalikira ponse pawiri komanso m'malo.
A Kafukufuku wamayiko omwe adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo yaku Afghanistan adapeza kuti malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu ankhondo omwe adawatumiza kumeneko, zidakumana ndi zigawenga. Chifukwa chake, nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga modalirika komanso motsimikizika idatulutsa uchigawenga. Ankhondo akale a ku US amapha magulu ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan omwe adafunsidwa m'buku ndi filimu ya Dirty Wars ya Jeremy Scahill adanena kuti nthawi zonse akamadutsa mndandanda wa anthu kuti aphedwe, adapatsidwa mndandanda waukulu; mndandandawo unakula chifukwa cha ntchito yawo.
Nkhondo kunja kumaperekanso mphamvu chidani, tsankho, ndi ziwawa kunyumba, zikuyambitsa nkhondo m'deralo police, imachulukitsa zida, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yodziwika bwino komanso kulemekeza zankhondo. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo zimamenyedwa m’dzina la “kuchirikiza” amene akumenya nkhondo, omenyera nkhondo amapatsidwa chithandizo chochepa polimbana ndi liwongo lozama la makhalidwe, kupwetekedwa mtima, kuvulala kwa ubongo, ndi zopinga zina m’njira yozoloŵerana ndi anthu opanda chiwawa. Ophunzitsidwa kupha anthu ambiri ndi asitikali aku US, mwachitsanzo, ndi osagwirizana ndi omwe amakhala oponya miyendo ku United States, kumene khalidweli sililinso lovomerezeka. Ndipo magulu ankhondo kutaya kapena kuba mfuti zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachiwawa zomwe sizankhondo.
Pali zipangizo zothandiza kwambiri kuposa nkhondo ya chitetezo.
World BEYOND War zachitika A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo.
Buku la David Vine's 2020 United States of War imalemba momwe ntchito yomanga ndikugwirira ntchito magulu ankhondo akunja imapangira m'malo moletsa nkhondo m'malo oyambira.
Zolemba Zaposachedwa:
