Ndi Gareth Porter
Malingaliro ali #NoWar2016
Ndemanga zanga zikukhudzana ndi vuto la atolankhani monga gawo lankhondo koma osangoganizira kwambiri izi. Ndadzionera ndekha ngati mtolankhani komanso wolemba momwe makampani atolankhani amagwirira ntchito pamizere yolumikizidwa bwino pofotokoza za nkhondo ndi mtendere zomwe zimaletsa zonse zomwe zikutsutsana ndi mizereyo. Ndingakhale wokondwa kuyankhula pazomwe zandichitikira makamaka polemba zothamanga komanso Syria ku Q ndi A.
Koma ine ndiri pano kuti ndiyankhule za vuto lalikulu la nkhondo ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika pa izo.
Ndikufuna kuwonetsa masomphenya a chinthu chomwe sichinafotokozedwe mozama muzaka zambiri. Njira yothandizira gulu lalikulu la anthu a dziko lino kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali kuti akakamize kubwerera kwawo.
Ndikudziwa kuti ambiri a inu muyenera kuganiza: izi ndizofunikira kwa 1970 kapena 1975 koma izi sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe tikukumana nazo lero lino.
Ndizoona kuti ichi ndi lingaliro lomwe likuwoneka, lingaliro loyamba kubwereranso ku masiku a nkhondo ya Vietnam, pamene maganizo odana ndi nkhondo anali amphamvu kwambiri moti ngakhale Congress ndi nkhani zatsopano zakhudzidwa nazo kwambiri.
Tonsefe tikudziwa zomwe zachitika mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi kuti apange nkhondo yokhazikika "yatsopano", monga Andrew Bacevich ananenera moyenera. Koma ndiroleni ndiyikeni chizindikiro asanu mwa omwe akuwonekera:
- ndondomeko yatsatiridwa ndi gulu la akatswiri, akuchotsa chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachititsa kuti anthu asamamve chisoni pa nthawi ya Vietnam.
- maphwando a ndale ndi Congress akhala akutengedwera kwathunthu ndi kuipitsidwa ndi magulu akuluakulu a zankhondo.
- dziko la nkhondo linagwiritsidwa ntchito 9 / 11 kuti lipeze mphamvu zatsopano zatsopano komanso zofunikira kwambiri ku Budget bajeti kuposa kale.
- Nyuzipepala zamankhwala ndizolimbana ndi nkhondo kuposa kale lonse.
- Mphamvu yotsutsa nkhondo yomwe inalimbikitsidwa m'dziko lino ndi kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi poyankha ku United States kuukira kwa Iraq idasinthidwa kwa zaka zingapo chifukwa chosatheka kwa ochita zotsutsa kuti awononge Bush kapena Obama.
Nonse mutha kuwonjezera zinthu zina pamndandandawu, koma zonsezi ndizolumikizana komanso zogwirizana, ndipo zonse zomwe zimathandizira kufotokoza chifukwa chake zochitika zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zikuwoneka zopanda chiyembekezo kwazaka khumi zapitazi. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti dziko lokhalitsa pankhondo lakwaniritsa zomwe Gramsci adazitcha "hegemony ya malingaliro" mpaka momwe kufotokozera koyamba kwa ndale zankhanza m'mibadwo - kampeni ya Sanders - sikunakhale nkhani.
Komabe ndikubwera kudzakuwuzani kuti, ngakhale kuti nkhondoyo ndi mabungwe ake enieni akuoneka kuti akukwera kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, zochitika zakale zikhoza kukhala zotsutsana ndi vuto la nkhondo kwa nthawi yoyamba zaka zambiri.
Choyamba: kampeni ya a Sanders yawonetsa kuti gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mibadwo zikwizikwi silikhulupirira omwe ali ndi mphamvu mderalo, chifukwa adasokoneza dongosolo lazachuma komanso zachitukuko kuti lipindule ndi ochepa pomwe akuwopseza ambiri - makamaka wachinyamata. Zachidziwikire kuti magwiridwe anthawi zonse a nkhondo atha kuwunikiridwa mokwanira kuti ndi oyenera kutengera mtunduwo, ndipo izi zimapereka mwayi watsopano wokhala pankhondo yamuyaya.
Chachiwiri: Kulowerera kwa asitikali aku US ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan kwakhala zolephera zowonekeratu kotero kuti mbiri yakale ikudziwika kuti ndi yotsika pochirikiza kulowererapo kukumbukira kukumbukira kwa nkhondo yaku Vietnam komanso pambuyo pa nkhondo (kumapeto kwa ma 1960 mpaka koyambirira kwa ma 1980). Anthu ambiri aku America adapandukira Iraq ndi Afghanistan mwachangu momwe amachitira polimbana ndi nkhondo ya Vietnam. Ndipo otsutsa kulowererapo kwa asitikali ku Syria, ngakhale atakumana ndi nkhani zofalitsa nkhani zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuthandizira nkhondoyi zinali zazikulu. Kafukufuku wa a Gallup mu Seputembara 2013 adawonetsa kuti mulingo wothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ku Syria - 36% - unali wotsika poyerekeza ndi umodzi mwa nkhondo zisanu zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa Cold War.
Chachitatu, kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa maphwando awiriwa mu chisankho ichi kwachititsa mamiliyoni ambiri m'dziko lino - makamaka achinyamata, akuda ndi odziimira okha - kutseguka ku gulu lomwe limagwirizanitsa madontho omwe akuyenera kulumikizana.
Ndili ndi malingaliro abwino, ndikuganiza kuti ndi nthawi yoti gulu la anthu atsopano likhale lolimbikitsidwa kuti lidzasonkhana pamodzi motsatira ndondomeko yowonetsera cholinga cha kuthetsa nkhondo yamuyaya potenga njira zothetsera mikangano yachilendo.
Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Zotsatirazi ndizigawo zinayi zofunika zomwe tiyenera kuziyika motere:
(1) Chiwonetsero choyera, chokongola cha zomwe zidzathetsere nkhondo yamuyaya zidzatanthawuza pochita cholinga chothandizira anthu kuthandizira
(2) Njira yatsopano yophunzitsira ndikulimbikitsa anthu kuti achitepo kanthu pa nkhondo yamuyaya.
(3) Njira yothetsera magulu ena pazochitikazo, ndi
(4) Ndondomeko yothetsera mavuto a ndale kuti athetsere nkhondo yamuyaya mkati mwa zaka khumi.
Tsopano ndikufuna kuganizira kwambiri za kukhazikitsa uthenga wachitukuko pa kufunikira kotsirizitsa nkhondo yamuyaya.
Ndikulangiza kuti njira yolimbikitsira anthu ambiri kuti athetse nkhondo yamuyaya ndikuti titenge nawo kampeni ya Sanders, yomwe idalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti ndale ndi zachuma zabedwa mokomera olemera kwambiri . Tiyenera kupanga pempholo lofananira pankhani yankhondo yamuyaya.
Kupempha koteroko kumakhudza dongosolo lonse lomwe limapanga ndikukhazikitsa mfundo zankhondo yaku US ngati chomenyera. Kunena mwanjira ina, dziko lokhalitsa pankhondo - mabungwe aboma ndi anthu omwe amalimbikira mfundo ndi mapulogalamu oti achitire nkhondo yosatha - akuyenera kupatsidwako gawo mofanananso ndi momwe anthu olemera olamulira pachuma amaperekedwera gawo lalikulu la anthu aku US. Kampeniyi iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kufanana komwe kulipo pakati pa Wall Street ndi dziko lachitetezo pankhani ya kulanda madola mabiliyoni ambiri kuchokera ku anthu aku America. Kwa Wall Street zopindulira molakwika zidakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kuchokera pachuma; ku dziko lachitetezo cha dziko ndi mabungwe omwe amagwirizana nawo, adatenga njira yolanda ndalama zomwe olipira misonkho aku US adalandira kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zawo komanso mabungwe awo.
Ndipo muzinthu zonse zachuma-zachuma ndi gawo la nkhondo, olemekezeka agwiritsira ntchito njira yothetsera mavuto.
Chifukwa chake tiyenera kusintha mawu osakumbukika a General Smedley Butler kuyambira ma 1930s, "Nkhondo ndi Racket" kuwonetsa kuti zabwino zomwe tsopano zikupezeka ku chitetezo cha dziko zimapangitsa zomwe za omwe amapindula pankhondo m'ma 1930 zimawoneka ngati kusewera kwa ana. Ndikulangiza mawu akuti "nkhondo yokhazikika ndiyachinyengo" kapena "dziko lankhondo ndi lomenyera".
Njira yophunzitsira ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti atsutse dziko lankhondo sikuwoneka kuti ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera malingaliro aboma achitetezo cha dziko; chikuwonetsanso chowonadi pazochitika zilizonse zaku US zomwe amalowererapo. Ndawona zowona zake zikutsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza kuchokera kufukufuku wanga wakale komanso malipoti pazokhudza chitetezo chadziko.
Ndi lamulo losasinthika kuti mabungwe awa - ankhondo komanso anthu wamba - nthawi zonse amalimbikitsa mfundo ndi mapulogalamu omwe amagwirizana ndi zofuna za akuluakulu aboma ndi atsogoleri ake - ngakhale zimawononga zofuna za anthu aku America.
Imafotokoza nkhondo ku Vietnam ndi Iraq, kuwonjezeka kwa ku United States ku Afghanistan, komanso ku United States nkhondo ya ku Syria.
Amalongosola kukula kwakukulu kwa CIA ku nkhondo za drone ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magulu apadera opita ku mayiko a 120.
Ndipo akufotokozera chifukwa chake anthu a ku America adakonzedwa kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndi zida zankhondo zikwi makumi ambiri zomwe zingangowononga dziko lino komanso chitukuko chonse-ndipo chifukwa chake nkhondo ikuyesa kuti ikhale gawo limodzi la chikhalidwe cha American kwa zaka zambiri.
Mfundo yomaliza: Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mapeto a kampeni yadziko afotokozedwe momveka bwino komanso mwatsatanetsatane kuti izi zitheke. Ndipo kumapeto kwake kuyenera kukhala mu mawonekedwe omwe omenyera ufulu wawo anganene kuti ndi chinthu choti chithandizire - makamaka ngati kapangidwe ka malamulo. Kukhala ndi china chake chomwe anthu angathandizire ndichinsinsi chopita patsogolo. Masomphenya awa omaliza amatha kutchedwa "End Permanent War Act of 2018".
