Kuyambira Januware 22, 2021 Zida za Nyukiliya Zikhala Zosaloledwa

Wolemba Dave Lindorff, Okutobala 26, 2020

kuchokera Izi Sizingachitike

Kung'anima! Mabomba a nyukiliya ndi zida zankhondo zangolumikizana kumene ndi mabomba okwirira pansi, mabomba a majeremusi ndi makemikolo ndi mabomba ogawikana ngati zida zosagwirizana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, monga pa Oct. 24  dziko la 50, dziko la Central America la Honduras, linavomereza ndi kusaina Pangano la UN pa Kuletsa Zida za Nyukiliya.

Inde, zoona zake n'zakuti ngakhale kuletsedwa kwa mabomba okwirira ndi kugawikana kwa mabomba ndi UN, US akugwiritsabe ntchito nthawi zonse ndikugulitsa ku mayiko ena, sanawononge zida zake zankhondo, ndipo akupitiriza kufufuza zotsutsana pa majeremusi omwe ali ndi zida zomwe. otsutsa akuti ili ndi zida ziwiri zodzitchinjiriza/zokhumudwitsa ndi cholinga (dziko la US limadziwika kuti lidagwiritsapo ntchito nkhondo zosagwirizana ndi majeremusi ku North Korea ndi Cuba m'zaka za m'ma 50s ndi '60s).

Izi zati, mgwirizano watsopano woletsa zida za nyukiliya, zomwe dipatimenti ya US State ndi a Trump adatsutsa mwamphamvu komanso zomwe zakhala zikukakamiza maiko kuti asasainire kapena kusiya kuvomereza kwawo, ndi sitepe yayikulu yopita ku cholinga chothetsa zoopsazi. zida.

AsFrancis Boyle, pulofesa wa zamalamulo apadziko lonse payunivesite ya Illinois, yemwe adathandizira wolemba malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi oletsa majeremusi ndi zida za mankhwala, akuuza ThisCantBeHappening!, "Zida za nyukiliya takhala nazo kuyambira pomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwa motsutsana ndi Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki mu 1945. kudzangotha ​​kuwachotsa pamene anthu azindikira kuti iwo sali chabe oswa malamulo ndi achisembwere komanso aupandu. Chifukwa chake pachifukwa chimenecho chokha Mgwirizanowu ndi wofunikira pakuphwanya zida zanyukiliya komanso kuletsa zida zanyukiliya. ”

David Swanson, wolemba mabuku angapo otsutsana kuti aletse kuletsa zida za nyukiliya koma kumenya nkhondo yokha, komanso mkulu wa bungwe la US ku bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi. World Beyond War, akufotokoza momwe pangano latsopano la UN lolimbana ndi zida za nyukiliya, popanga zida kukhala zosaloledwa pansi pa malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi pansi pa Charter ya UN yomwe US ​​​​ili ndi wolemba komanso wosayinira koyambirira, idzathandizira gulu lodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi kuthetsa zida zazikuluzikuluzi. chiwonongeko.

Swanson akuti, "Mgwirizanowu umachita zinthu zingapo. Imasala oteteza zida za nyukiliya ndi mayiko omwe ali nazo. Imathandiza kulimbana ndi makampani omwe ali ndi zida zanyukiliya, chifukwa palibe amene akufuna kuyika ndalama pazinthu zokayikitsa. Zimathandizira kukakamiza mayiko omwe akugwirizana ndi asitikali aku US kuti alowe nawo kusaina panganoli ndikusiya zongopeka za 'nyukiliya'. Ndipo zimathandizira kukakamiza mayiko asanu ku Europe omwe pano amalola kusungidwa kwa zida za nyukiliya zaku US mkati mwa malire awo kuti atulutsidwe. ”

Swanson akuwonjezera kuti, "Zitha kuthandizanso kulimbikitsa mayiko padziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe aku US kuti ayambe kuyika ziletso zambiri pazomwe US ​​​​itha kuyika pazidazi."

  The mndandanda wa mayiko 50 omwe avomereza Pangano la UN mpaka pano, komanso ena 34 omwe adasaina koma sanavomereze maboma awo, akupezeka kuti awonedwe pano.  Pansi pa UN Charter kuvomereza mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa UN kumafuna kuvomerezedwa ndi mayiko 50 kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito. Panali chilimbikitso chachikulu kuti tipeze chivomerezo chomaliza pofika 2021, chomwe chidzakhala chaka cha 75th cha kugwetsedwa kwa zida za nyukiliya zoyamba komanso zikondwerero ziwiri zokha zankhondo za nyukiliya - mabomba aku US adagwa mu Ogasiti 1945 pamizinda yaku Japan ya Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. .  Ndi chivomerezo cha Honduras, Panganoli liyamba kugwira ntchito pa Januware 1, 2021.

Polengeza za kuvomerezedwa kwa mgwirizanowu, womwe unapangidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi UN General Assembly mu 2017, Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN António Guterres adayamikira ntchito ya magulu a anthu padziko lonse lapansi omwe adakakamiza kuti avomereze. Iye adasankha mwa iwo Pulogalamu Yadziko Lonse Yotsutsa Zida Zachikiliya, yomwe idalandira Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel mu 2017 chifukwa cha ntchito yake.

Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa ICANW a Beatrice Fihn adalengeza kuvomereza kwa mgwirizanowu, "mutu watsopano wa zida za nyukiliya."  Ananenanso kuti, "Zaka zambiri zachitetezo zakwaniritsa zomwe ambiri amati sizingatheke: Zida za nyukiliya zaletsedwa."

Zowonadi, pa Januware 1, mayiko asanu ndi anayi okhala ndi zida za nyukiliya (US, Russia, China, Great Britain, France, India, Pakistan, Israel ndi Democratic People's Republic of Korea), onse ndi mayiko osaloledwa mpaka atachotsa zidazo.

Pamene US inali kuthamangira kupanga bomba la atomiki pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, poyambirira chifukwa cha nkhawa kuti Germany ya Hitler ikuyesera kuchita zomwezo, koma pambuyo pake, ndi cholinga chodzilamulira yekha pa chida chapamwamba kuti athe kulamulira adani. monga panthawiyo Soviet Union ndi Communist China, asayansi akuluakulu a Manhattan Project, kuphatikizapo Nils Bohr, Enrico Fermi ndi Leo Szilard, adatsutsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake nkhondo itatha ndipo adayesa kuti US igawane zinsinsi za bomba ndi Soviet Union, Othandizira aku America pa WWII. Iwo adapempha kuti pakhale poyera komanso kuti ayesetse kukambirana za kuletsa chidacho. Ena, monga Robert Oppenheimer mwiniwake, mkulu wa sayansi wa Manhattan Project, anatsutsa mwamphamvu koma mopanda chipambano kupangidwa kotsatira kwa bomba lowononga kwambiri la haidrojeni.

Kutsutsana ndi cholinga cha US chokhala ndi ulamuliro pa bomba, ndi akuwopa kuti idzagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala motsutsana ndi Soviet Union pambuyo pa kutha kwa WWII (monga Pentagon ndi Truman oyang'anira akukonzekera mwachinsinsi atapanga mabomba okwanira ndi ndege za B-29 Stratofortress kuti zinyamule), adalimbikitsa asayansi angapo a Manhattan Project, kuphatikiza othawa kwawo ku Germany Klaus Fuchs ndi American Ted Hall, kuti akhale akazitape opereka zinsinsi zazikulu za mapangidwe a bomba la uranium ndi plutonium ku Soviet Intelligence, kuthandiza USSR kuti ipeze chida chake cha nyukiliya pofika 1949 ndikuletsa zomwe zingatheke. chiwonongeko, koma kuyambitsa mpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya womwe ukupitilira mpaka lero.

Mwamwayi, zigawenga zomwe mayiko ambiri akupanga zida za nyukiliya zokwanira komanso njira zoperekera zida zomwe zingalepheretse dziko lililonse kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya, mwachidziwikire koma mwamwayi wakwanitsa kuteteza bomba lililonse la nyukiliya kuti lisagwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo kuyambira mu Ogasiti 1945. US, Russia ndi China akupitilizabe kukulitsa zida zawo zankhondo, kuphatikiza mumlengalenga, ndikupitiliza kuthamanga kuti apange njira zoperekera zosaimitsa monga ma roketi atsopano osinthika a hypersonic ndi zida zonyamulira zonyamula zida zapamwamba kwambiri, chiwopsezo chimangokulirakulira kwa nkhondo yanyukiliya, kupangitsa pangano latsopanoli likufunika mwachangu.

Ntchito, kupita patsogolo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito pangano latsopano la UN loletsa zida izi kukakamiza mayiko adziko lapansi kuti athetse zidazo.