Wolemba Lawrence Wittner, Novembala 7, 2017.
Osasamala ziwopsezo za nkhondo ya nyukiliya zomwe zinkachitika m’mbuyo ndi mtsogolo pakati pa maboma a North Korea ndi United States zimandikumbutsa chochitika chimene ndinachita nawo m’dzinja la 1961, pamene ndinali mkulu pa koleji ya Columbia.
Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 1961, a boma la Soviet idalengeza kuti ikuchoka ku US-Soviet-British kuimitsidwa pakuyesa zida za nyukiliya zomwe zidayimitsa mayeso otere kwa zaka zitatu zam'mbuyo pomwe maboma atatu adayesa kuvomereza mgwirizano woletsa mayeso. Kuyambikanso kwa kuyesa zida za nyukiliya za boma la Soviet komwe kunatsatira kunapitirizidwa mu October muja ndi kuphulika kwake mumlengalenga wa bomba la 50-megaton hydrogen, chida cha nyukiliya champhamvu kwambiri chomwe chinaphulikapo. Panthawiyi, oyang'anira Kennedy, adatsimikiza kuti asapitirire powonetsa "mphamvu" za dziko, mwamsanga adayambiranso kuyesa kwa nyukiliya ku US mobisa ndipo anayamba kukambirana za kuyambiranso kwa US kuyesa nyukiliya mumlengalenga.
Malinga ndi malingaliro a anthu ambiri m'maiko awiriwa - inde, padziko lapansi - kulowetsedwanso mumpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya kunali kowopsa. Ku Columbia, mnzanga waku koleji, Mike Weinberg, ndi ine tidawona bizinesi yonseyo kukhala yopenga. Kuyeza zida za nyukiliya mumlengalenga kunatumiza mitambo ikuluikulu ya zinyalala za nyukiliya (“kugwa”) mumlengalenga, kubweretsa khansa ndi zilema zobadwa kwa anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuonjezera apo, mayesero awa a mabomba a haidrojeni-zida zomwe zingathe kupangidwa ndi mphamvu zowonongeka za bomba la atomiki lomwe linawononga Hiroshima-zida zomwe zingathe kupangidwa ndi zida za nyukiliya. Mpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya umenewu unkawoneka ngati mpikisano wa tsoka.
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zina kugwa, Mike ndi ine―kuwona kapepala kolengeza za ulendo wa basi wa ophunzira wopita ku Washington, DC kukatsutsa kuyambiranso kwa kuyesa kwa zida zanyukiliya zaku US - kunaganiza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti tituluke m'misewu ndikuchita ziwonetsero. Anthu anali atayamba kale kuchita nawo zionetsero za zida zanyukiliya. Koma ife sitinali pakati pawo. Ndipotu, palibe aliyense wa ife amene anali atachitapo zionetsero zandale.
M’maŵa wa ulendo wa ophunzira wopita ku Washington, tinafika titavala masuti athu (kuti tikondweretse akuluakulu a boma alionse amene angatiwone) pa basi yobwereketsa, yoimiridwa pafupi ndi kampasi ya Columbia, ndipo tinangodzipeza tiri mkati mwa bwalo la bohemian. kusonkhana. Anyamata amavala nsapato ndi ndevu, akazi masitonkeni ansomba ndi zoluka zazitali. Mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwa masitayelo, komabe, tinapanga gulu laubwenzi, laubwenzi pamene tinali kuyenda mumsewu waukulu kuchokera ku New York City kupita ku likulu la dzikolo kaamba ka kulimbana kwathu ndi mphamvu za boma.
Nditafika ku White House, ndinatenga chikwangwani chimene ndinachiona ngati chanzeru kwambiri (“Kennedy, Musatsanzire Anthu a ku Russia!”) kuchokera pa mulu umene munthu wina anabweretsa ndipo, pamodzi ndi ziwonetsero zina (zowonjezeredwa ndi basi yodzaza ophunzira, ochokera ku koleji ya Quaker ku Midwest), adapanga kamzera kakang'ono kamene kamazungulira mitengo ingapo kunja kwa White House. Ine ndi Mike, monga olowa usilikali akhama, tinkayenda tsiku lonse osapumira nkhomaliro kapena chakudya chamadzulo.
Kwa zaka zambiri, ndinayang'ana m'mbuyo pa ntchitoyi monga nkhani ya nthano zoseketsa. Kupatula apo, ife ndi magulu ena ang'onoang'ono ochita zionetsero sitikanatha kukhudza mfundo za US, sichoncho? Ndiyeno, chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 1990, ndikuchita kafukufuku pa John F. Kennedy Presidential Library ku Boston ponena za mbiri ya gulu lochotsa zida za nyukiliya padziko lonse, ndinakumana ndi vuto linalake. kuyankhulana kwa mbiri yakale ndi Adrian Fisher, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa bungwe la US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Anali kufotokoza chifukwa chake Kennedy anachedwetsa kuyambiranso kuyesa kwa nyukiliya mumlengalenga mpaka kumapeto kwa Epulo 1962, ngakhale kuyesa kwa nyukiliya ku Soviet kupitilira miyezi isanu ndi itatu yapitayo. Kennedy amafuna kuyambiranso kuyesa kwa nyukiliya ku US, Fisher adakumbukira, "koma adazindikiranso kuti panali anthu ambiri omwe angakhumudwe kwambiri ndi United States kuyambiranso kuyesa mlengalenga. Tidali ndi anthu omwe amasankha White House, ndipo tinali okondwa kwambiri - chifukwa chakuti aku Russia amatero, chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kutero? Fisher anamaliza kuti: “Ndicho chifukwa chake sitinayambirenso kuyesa zakuthambo.” Patangotha chaka chimodzi, mu Ogasiti 1963, anthu atakakamizidwa kwambiri, maboma a US, Soviet, ndi Britain anasaina mgwirizanowu. Mgwirizano Wapadera wa Mayeso Oyesedwa, kuletsa kuyesa zida za nyukiliya mumlengalenga.
M'kati mwavuto la nyukiliya lamakono, kodi Donald Trump waku America ndi Kim Jong Un waku North Korea angakhudzidwe ndi ziwonetsero za anthu? Mwina choncho; mwina ayi. Koma maboma - ngakhale omwe amatsogozedwa ndi anthu odzikuza, osakhazikika m'maganizo - sangatengeke ndi malingaliro a anthu. Ndipo ndani akudziwa chomwe chidzachitike ngati anthu okwanira alimbikira, mokweza ndi momveka bwino, kuti nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi yosavomerezeka?
Dr. Lawrence Wittner, ogwirizanitsidwa ndi PeaceVoice, ndi pulofesa wa mbiri yakale ku SUNY / Albany ndi mlembi wa Kulimbana ndi Bomba (Stanford University Press).
