Ndi Pat Elder, World BEYOND War, December 12, 2019
Mark Ruffalo ngati Rob Billot mu Madzi Amdima.
Madzi Amdima Ndi filimu yofunika kwambiri yaku America mchaka khumi, ngakhale imasowetsa mwayi wofotokoza bwino za kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS * komwe kwakhala mliri waumoyo wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Kanemayo amasiya theka la nkhaniyo ndipo zimakhudzanso ntchito yankhondo.
* per- ndi poly fluorinated alkyl zvinhu (PFAS) zimaphatikizapo PFOA, PFOS ndi 5,000 ndimankhwala ena owopsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosankha zosiyanasiyana zankhondo ndi mafakitale.
Ambiri owonera amatha kuyenda akuganiza kuti iwonerera kanema yemwe amalemba nkhani yeniyeni ya DuPont yodetsa nthaka ndi madzi amtawuni yabwinoko, Parkersburg, West Virginia. Ngakhale, Madzi Amdima ndi kanema wapamwamba. Ngati simunachiwone, chonde.
Mufilimuyi, loya Robert Bilott (Mark Ruffalo) amagwira ntchito ku kampani yopanga zamalamulo ku Cincinnati yomwe imagwira ntchito yoteteza makampani opanga mankhwala. Bilott akufikiridwa ndi mlimi wotchedwa Wilbur Tennant yemwe akukayikira kuti fakitale yopanga ya DuPont ili poyizoni ndi madzi omwe ng'ombe zake zikumwa. Bilott adazindikira mwachangu kuti anthu akumapatsidwanso poizoni ndipo amadzipereka kuti ateteze thanzi la anthu pomanga mankhwala a goliath. Machitidwe a Dupont ndiwachifwamba
Mu 2017, Bilott adapeza mwayi wopeza $ 670 miliyoni kwa anthu ammudzi wa 3,500 omwe madzi ake adadetsedwa ndi PFOA.
Otsutsa akanema anali ndi malingaliro abwino, ngakhale anali ndi ndemanga zochepa. Amalongosola sewero lamachitidwe, mtundu wa mlandu wa Perry Mason womwe umayenda bwino. Detroit News imati kanemayo ndi nkhani ya David ndi Goliath. (David akupha Goliati mu nkhani yapaderayi. Apa Goliati akugwirizira pini.) Atlantic wotchedwa Madzi Amdimasa pensive, kanema ovomerezeka. The Toronto Star akuti Ndikokwanira kukupangitsani kufuna kuseka zinthu zanu zonse zopanda ndodo komanso zotchinga madzi mutawona kanemayu. Aisle Seat ananenanso chimodzimodzi, akulemba kuti kanemayo atha kulimbikitsa anthu kutaya mapani osakhala ndodo ndi "kupopera mwamantha pakapu yamadzi ikubwerayi." Izi sizinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mkwiyo wa mamiliyoni padziko lonse lapansi aphedwe ndi mankhwalawa.
Anthu akuyenera kuganiza kuti mabungwe awo, maboma, komanso mabungwe aku federal akusunga zonyansa ngati izi m'madzi awo, ndikuti magawo ngati Parkersburg amakhala okhaokha - ndipo zikachitika, nzika zimadziwitsidwa ndikutetezedwa. Werengani lipoti la madzi kuchokera kwa omwe amakugulitsani kuti muwone kuti palibe chodetsa nkhawa.
Chowonadi ndichakuti madzi athu akumwa amadzaza ndi ma carcinogen ndi mankhwala ena owopsa pomwe malire amilandu yonyansa m'madzi apampopi sanasinthidwe pafupifupi zaka 20. Zomwe zili m'madzi anu? Onani Gulu Logwirira Ntchito la Dinani Pachitetezo cha Madzi kuti mudziwe.
Anthu ali otsimikiza, "Sizingachitike kuno," chifukwa chake opanga mafilimu amayenera kuti achita ntchito yabwinoko kusokoneza lingaliro ili. Nthawi yodziwika bwino mufilimuyi, Bilott ndi wokopa, "Akufuna kuti tiganizire kuti tili otetezedwa," akutero mokalipa. “Koma timatetezedwa. Timatero! ” Ndi uthenga wokonda kusintha zinthu, mwatsoka umangokhala pa nkhani ya anthu omwe adayiziridwa m'tawuni yaying'ono yaku West Virginia.
Nthawi yomweyo kanemayo anali woyamba m'dziko lonselo, Congress idakana kutsatira malamulo zomwe zikadayang'anira PFOA ndi PFOS - mitundu iwiri ya kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS komwe kwabweretsa mavuto osatha ku Parkersburg.
Kanemayo samatchulapo za asitikali komanso ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa poizoni ku Parkersburg komanso m'magulu masauzande oyandikana ndi zigawo zadziko lonse lapansi. DuPont anali wogulitsa wamkulu wa gulu la anthu opanga mafilimu a DOD (AFFF) ogwiritsidwa ntchito machitidwe olimbana ndi moto pamiyendo yankhondo. Dupont yalengeza kuti idzagulitsa mwakufuna kwawo kugwiritsa ntchito PFOS ndi PFOA pofika kumapeto kwa 2019 pomwe sichikupanganso kapena kugulitsa chitho choyatsira moto ku DOD. M'malo mwake, kuphukira kwake ChemoursNdipo mankhwala akulu 3M akudzaza ma Pentagon ma oda a makhansa omwe angapeze njira yolowa mthupi lanu.
Nthawi zambiri asitikali amayatsa moto woyaka wopangidwa ndi petroleum ndikuwamwetsa ndi zida za PFAS. Omwe amayambitsa khansa amaloledwa kuipitsa madzi apansi panthaka, madzi apansi pamadzi, ndi chimbudzi cha chimbudzi chomwe chimafalikira m'minda ya famu kupita ku mbewu zapoizoni. DOD nthawi zonse imawunikira zinthuzo, ngakhale ali ndi nkhawa kuti "mankhwala osakanikirawa" akhoza kukhalabe olimba.
3M, DuPont, ndi Chemours onse akukumana ndi zoipitsa zamiyala chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwa asitikali zida izi, ngakhale kuti kusowa kwa msonkhano kwaposachedwa kudzawathandiza kuteteza. Chemours ndi 3M m'matangadza atamva kuti Congress yasankha kuti isayang'anitse othandizira khansa.
Asitikali ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale zodetsa zambiri zoyambitsidwa ndi PFAS mdziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, California State Water Resources Board posachedwa inayesa zitsime za m'mizinda ya 568 kudera lonse. Kuyesererako nthawi zambiri sikunafanane ndi kukhazikitsa asitikali. 308 ya zitsime (54.2%) adapezeka kuti ali ndi mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala a PFAS. Magawo a 19,228 pa thililiyoni (ppt) ya mitundu ya 14 ya PFAS yoyesedwa idapezeka m'mitsime iyi ya 308. 51% anali a PFOS kapena a PFOA pomwe 49% yotsala anali a PFAS ena omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa thanzi la munthu.
DOD sinali yoyang'ana pakufufuza kumene, ngakhale maziko amodzi, Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake adaipitsa chitsime ku 8,000,000 ppt. za PFOS / PFOA, malinga ndi DOD. China Lake ili ndi ma carcinogens ochulukitsa maulendo a 416 m'madzi ake apansi panthaka kuposa malo ena onse amalonda omwe amayesedwa kuzungulira boma kuphatikiza. Mabwalo ankhondo a 30 awononga kwambiri madzi ku California konse, ndipo 23 enanso amadziwika ndi DOD kuti amagwiritsa ntchito ma carcinogen. Sakani apa: https://www.militarypoisons.org/
Madera amadzi m'maiko angapo ayamba kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse zonyansazo, ngakhale Congress ndi EPA sizinakhazikitse Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL's) za ziphe ndipo sakuyembekezeka kutero posachedwa. Ndi umboni wa mphamvu yolandirira mankhwala ku Congress komanso kuthekera kwa DOD kuthana ndi zovuta, zomwe zitha kubisa $ 100 Biliyoni.
Pakadali pano, DOD sidzafunikira kuyeretsa kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS ya 10.9 miliyoni kuyiyika pansi ndikudziwa kuti yasiyidwa pansi ku England Air Force Base ku Alexandria, Louisiana pomwe idachoka pamalo a 1992. Asayansi a Harvard akuti 1 ppt mu madzi akumwa ndiyowopsa. Zodetsa ndi kuvutika kwaumunthu ndizochuluka kwambiri ku US. ndi anthu akumwalira.
Madzi Amdima yasowa mwayi wowonetsa chidwi cha gulu lankhondo la 800-pound mchipindamu ndipo idawonetsa mwayi wodziwikitsa EPA kuti ndi bungwe lomwe limateteza makampani aku America ndi Dipatimenti Yoteteza ku mavuto ndi mkwiyo wapagulu.
Kanemayo akuwoneka kuti adapangidwa kuti athandize kuyambitsa msonkhano wotsutsa-PFAS. Wophunzira, kampani yofalitsa nkhani yodzipereka pakusintha chikhalidwe cha anthu, yakhazikitsa "Menyani Nthaka Zosatha”Kampeni yogwirizana ndi kanema.
"Pakadali pano, malamulo athu ndi mabungwe aboma akulephera kutiteteza," atero a Ruffalo m'mawu awo. “Ndinkafuna kupanga Madzi Amdima kufotokoza nkhani yofunika yokhudza kubweretsa chilungamo kudera lomwe lakhala likuwopsezedwa kwazaka zambiri kumankhwala owopsa ndi amodzi mwamakampani akulu kwambiri komanso amphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pofotokoza nkhanizi titha kudziwitsa anthu za mankhwala kwamuyaya ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi kufunafuna zoteteza chilengedwe. ”
Rufflo adalumikizana ndi a Billot, omenyera ufulu wotsogola, komanso anthu pagulu lapa telefoni patangotha kanema atatulutsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwausirikali pazinthuzi kunatchulidwa mwachidule ndi mmodzi mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Kupanda kutero, ntchito yolinganiza iyi yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri pazomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito asirikali ankhondo, mpakana chomwe chaperekedwa posachedwapa chomwe chatumizidwa kwa anthu zikwizikwi mdziko lonse omwe akutchula za National Defense Authorization Act:
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Tikufuna Congress kuti timenyere zaumoyo wathu ndikuwapatsa mabungwewa mlandu. Yakwana nthawi yoti DuPont ndi 3M ayeretse kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS! Congress iyenera kukhazikitsa National Defense Authorization Act yomwe imachotsa PFAS m'madzi athu apampopi ndikuyeretsanso mbiri ya PFAs.
Zikomo poyimirira nafe.
Mark Ruffalo
Wogwira Ntchito ndi Woyambitsa
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Owerenga angaganize kuti ndizosavuta kuyang'ana National Defense Authorization Act chifukwa mpaka pano kukambirana sikunayang'ane pa Pentagon. Khama limayenda bwino, koma tsiku lachedwa kwambiri ndipo lalifupi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ma Democrat adachokapo kale pagome m'malo mokomera opindulitsa makampani opanga mankhwala.
Madzi Amdima imapereka theka la nkhaniyi. Hafu inayo imakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana kwa mafutawa ndi asitikali.
