'Izi ndi nthawi zowopsa': munthu yemwe adasumira George W Bush ndi nkhondo ya Iraq

Wotsutsa anali Sundus Shaker Saleh, mphunzitsi waku Iraq, wojambula komanso mayi wa ana asanu, omwe adakakamizika kuchoka. Iraq potsatira kuwukirako komanso kugawanika kwa dziko kunkhondo yapachiweniweni. Atachita bwino, banja lake lidakhala muumphawi ku Amman, Jordan, kuyambira 2005.

Woyimira Saleh anali loya wazaka 37 yemwe amagwira ntchito yekha ndipo makasitomala ake omwe amakhalapo amakhala oyambitsa ang'onoang'ono aukadaulo omwe amafuna kuteteza luntha lawo. Dzina lake ndi Inder Komar, ndipo ngati Atticus Finch amayenera kuganiziridwanso ngati loya wotsutsa, azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kumadzulo kwa gombe, Comar, yemwe amayi ake anali aku Mexico ndipo abambo ake anali ochokera ku India, atha kukhala okwanira. Ndi wokongola komanso wofulumira kumwetulira, ngakhale atayima panja pa khoti Lolemba lomwe kunali mphepo yamkuntho, anali wokhumudwa. Sizikudziwika ngati suti yatsopanoyi ikuthandiza.

“Ndangochipeza,” iye anatero. "Mukuganiza chiyani?"

Zinali zidutswa zitatu, zotuwa zasiliva, zokhala ndi zikhomo zakuda. Comar anali atagula masiku angapo m'mbuyomo, poganiza kuti akuyenera kuoneka ngati katswiri komanso wanzeru momwe angathere, chifukwa kuyambira pomwe adatenga lingaliro loyimba mlandu omwe adakonza nkhondo ku Iraq, adazindikira kuti sakuwoneka ngati wosokoneza kapena dilettante. Koma kukhudzika kwa suti yatsopanoyi kunali kodetsa nkhawa: mwina ndi mtundu wa chinthu chovala mafuta amafuta aku Texas, kapena chovala chomwe wachinyamata wosokera amavala kuti akasangalale.

Tsiku lapitalo, m’nyumba ya Comar, anandiuza kuti iyi inali nkhani yofunika kwambiri imene anamva pa ntchito yake. Iye anali asanatsutsepo mlandu pamaso pa Circuit yachisanu ndi chinayi, yomwe ili gawo limodzi chabe pansi pa khoti lalikulu, ndipo sanadye, kugona kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi masabata angapo. Iye anati: “Ndikadadabwabe kuti tikumvetsera. "Koma ndiye kupambana kale, chifukwa oweruza aku US amva ndikukambirana mfundoyi."

Mfundo: ngati pulezidenti, wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti ndi ena onse omwe adakonzekera nkhondoyo ali ndi mlandu mwalamulo pazotsatira zake. Nthawi zambiri nthambi yoyang'anira ntchitoyo ingakhale yotetezedwa kumilandu yokhudzana ndi zomwe zachitika ali paudindo, monganso onse ogwira ntchito m'boma; koma chitetezochi chimagwira ntchito pokhapokha antchitowo akugwira ntchito molingana ndi ntchito yawo. Comar anali kutsutsana kuti Bush et al anali kuchita kunja kwa chitetezo chimenecho. Kupitilira apo, adapalamula mlandu wankhanza - kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.

Chiyembekezo chakuti, mu nthawi ya maola ochepa, gulu la oweruza atatu lidzagwirizana ndi Comar ndikupempha kuti okonzekera nkhondoyi - pulezidenti wakale. George W Bush, wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wakale Richard B Cheney, mlembi wakale wa boma Colin Powell, mlembi wakale wa chitetezo Donald Rumsfeld, yemwe kale anali wachiwiri kwa mlembi wa chitetezo Paul Wolfwitz komanso mlangizi wakale wa chitetezo cha dziko Condoleezza Rice - adzayimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa Iraq, kumwalira kwa anthu wamba oposa 500,000 aku Iraq komanso kusamutsidwa kwa ena mamiliyoni asanu, kumawoneka ngati kosatheka.

“Ndiyenso,” anatero Comar, “mwinamwake anangoganiza kuti, ‘Bwanji osapatsa munthu ameneyu tsiku lake kukhoti?’”

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Inder Comar anali pasukulu ya zamalamulo ku New York University pomwe nkhondo idayamba, ndipo pomwe kuwukirako kunali kuipiraipira kupita koyipa kupita ku tsoka, adatenga kalasi yokhudzana ndi nkhanza zomwe sizinachitike m'malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimayang'ana pamwambo wokhazikitsidwa ndi Khoti la Nuremberg. Ku Nuremberg, oimira boma pamilandu anatsutsa kuti, ngakhale kuti utsogoleri wa Nazi umene unayambitsa nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse unali kutsatira malamulo ndi kuchita mogwirizana ndi ntchito yawo monga adindo a dziko la Germany, komabe iwo anali ndi mlandu waupandu waupandu ndi upandu wochitira anthu. Anazi anali atalanda mayiko odzilamulira popanda kuputa, ndipo sakanatha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo apakhomo kuti awateteze. M'mawu ake oyamba, Robert Jackson, woweruza wa khoti lalikulu la ku America ndi woimira boma pa milandu, anati: “Mlandu umenewu ukuimira khama la anthu la kugwiritsira ntchito chilango cha lamulo kwa akuluakulu a boma amene agwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zaulamuliro kuukira maziko a mtendere wa dziko ndi kuukira ufulu wawo. za anansi awo.”

Mlanduwu unkawoneka kuti Comar uli ndi zochulukirapo pang'ono, makamaka dziko litazindikira izi Saddam Hussein anali palibe zida zowononga anthu ambiri komanso kuti omwe adakonzekera kuwukirawo adayamba kuganiza za kusintha kwaulamuliro ku Iraq kalekale pasanakhale lingaliro lililonse la WMD. M’zaka zingapo zotsatira, maganizo a mayiko anayamba kugwirizana kuti nkhondoyi inali yovomerezeka. Mu 2004, mlembi wamkulu wa UN Kofi Annan adatcha nkhondoyo "yosaloledwa". Nyumba yamalamulo yaku Dutch idati kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2009, Benjamin Ferencz, m'modzi mwa otsutsa a ku America ku Nuremberg, analemba kuti "mtsutso wabwino ukhoza kupangidwa kuti nkhondo ya US ku Iraq inali yosaloledwa".

Comar, yemwe panthawiyo anali loya wachinsinsi ku San Francisco, adadabwa chifukwa chake palibe amene adasumira akuluakulu aboma. Nzika zakunja zitha kuimba mlandu ku US chifukwa chophwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, kotero pakati pa milandu ya waku Iraq yemwe wazunzidwa ndi nkhondoyo komanso zomwe zidachitika ndi mlandu wa Nuremberg, Comar adaganiza kuti pali kuthekera kwenikweni kwa mlandu. Anazifotokoza kwa maloya anzake ndi maprofesa akale. Ena anali olimbikitsa mofatsa, ngakhale kuti palibe amene ankaganiza kuti suti yoteroyo ipita kulikonse.

Pakadali pano, Comar theka amayembekeza kuti wina adzazenga mlanduwu. Pali maloya opitilira 1.3 miliyoni ku America, komanso masauzande ambiri osachita phindu. Milandu ingapo idaperekedwa, kutsutsa kuti nkhondoyo sinavomerezedwe moyenera ndi Congress ndipo motero imasemphana ndi malamulo. Ndipo panali milandu khumi ndi iwiri kapena kuposerapo motsutsana ndi a Rumsfeld chifukwa chovomereza kugwiritsa ntchito kuzunza omangidwa. Koma palibe amene anatsutsa kuti, pamene ankakonzekera ndi kupha nkhondoyo, nthambi yaikulu inaphwanya lamulo.

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Mu 2013, Comar anali akugwira ntchito kuchokera ku ofesi yogawana yotchedwa Hub, yozunguliridwa ndi oyambitsa komanso osapindula. Mmodzi wa ogwira nawo ntchito muofesi adadziwana ndi banja lodziwika bwino la ku Jordan lomwe limakhala kudera la Bay ndipo, kuyambira nkhondoyi, wakhala akuthandiza othawa kwawo aku Iraq ku Amman. M’kupita kwa miyezi yambiri, anadziŵikitsa Comar kwa othaŵa kwawo okhala ku Jordan, pakati pawo ndi Sundus Shaker Saleh. Comar ndi Saleh adalankhula kudzera pa Skype, ndipo mwa iye adapeza mkazi wokonda komanso wolankhula bwino yemwe, patatha zaka 12 kuukiridwako, adakwiyanso.

Saleh anabadwira ku Karkh, Baghdad, m’chaka cha 1966. Anaphunzira pasukulu ya zaluso ku Baghdad ndipo anakhala katswiri wojambula komanso mphunzitsi wopambana. A Saleh anali otsatira chikhulupiriro cha Sabean-Mandean, chipembedzo chotsatira ziphunzitso za Yohane Mbatizi koma chimadzitcha malo kunja kwa Chikristu kapena Chisilamu. Ngakhale kuti kunali ma Mandean ochepera 100,000 ku Iraq nkhondo isanayambe, adasiyidwa okha ndi Hussein. Kaya anali ndi zolakwa zotani, adasunga malo omwe zikhulupiriro zakale zaku Iraq zidakhala mwamtendere.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya US, dongosolo linasintha ndipo magulu achipembedzo ang'onoang'ono adayang'aniridwa. Saleh anakhala woyang’anira zisankho, ndipo iye ndi banja lake anaopsezedwa. Anamenyedwa, ndipo anapita kwa apolisi kuti akamuthandize, koma iwo anati palibe chimene angachite kuti amuteteze iye ndi ana ake. Iye ndi mwamuna wake anapatukana. Anatenga mwana wawo wamwamuna wamkulu, ndipo anatengera banja lonse ku Jordan, komwe akhalako kuyambira 2005 opanda mapasipoti kapena nzika. Ankagwira ntchito ngati wantchito, wophika komanso wosoka. Mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka 12 anayenera kusiya sukulu kuti agwire ntchito ndikupereka ndalama zothandizira banja.

Mu Marichi 2013, Saleh adalumikizana ndi Comar kuti apereke chigamulo chotsutsana ndi omwe adakonzekera kuwukira kwa Iraq; sakadalandira ndalama, kapena kufuna kubweza. Mu May, iye anapita ku Yordani kukatenga umboni wake. “Zimene ndinamanga kwa zaka zambiri zinawonongeka m’mphindi imodzi pamaso panga,” anamuuza motero. “Ntchito yanga, udindo wanga, makolo anga, banja langa lonse. Tsopano ndikungofuna kukhala ndi moyo. Monga mayi. Ana anga ali ngati duwa. Nthawi zina sindingathe kuwathirira. Ndimakonda kuwagwira, koma ndili wotanganidwa kwambiri kuyesera kuti ndipulumuke."

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"Izi ndi nthawi zowopsa," Comar adandiuza pa 11 Disembala chaka chatha. Sanakonzekere kunena za Trump, koma kumvera kwake koyamba kunachitika patatha mwezi umodzi chisankhocho ndipo zotsatira zake zogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu zinali zowopsa. Mlandu wa Comar unali wokhudza malamulo - malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, malamulo achilengedwe - ndipo Trump anali asanasonyeze kulemekeza kwambiri machitidwe kapena mfundo. Zowona zili pamtima pankhondo yaku Iraq. Comar akuti adapangidwa kuti avomereze kuwukiraku, ndipo ngati purezidenti aliyense anganamizire zowona kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe akufuna, atha kukhala a Trump, omwe amalemba zabodza kwa otsatira ake 25 miliyoni. Ngati pangakhale nthawi yoti afotokoze zomwe US ​​​​ingathe komanso yomwe singathe kuchita ponena za kuwukira kwa mayiko odziyimira pawokha, zikuwoneka ngati tsopano.

Kwa Comar, chotulukapo chabwino kwambiri pamlandu watsiku lotsatira chingakhale chakuti khotilo litumiza mlanduwo kuti ukamve umboni: kuzengedwa koyenera. Kenako amayenera kukonzekera mlandu weniweni - pamlingo wa khoti la Nuremberg lokha. Koma choyamba anayenera kudutsa Westfall Act.

Dzina lonse la Westfall Act ndi Federal Employees Liability Reform and Tort Compensation Act ya 1988, ndipo inali pachimake pa mlandu wa Comar, komanso chitetezo cha boma. Kwenikweni, chigamulochi chimateteza ogwira ntchito ku federal ku milandu yochokera kuzinthu zomwe akugwira ntchito. Ngati wogwira ntchito positi akupereka bomba mosadziwa, sangatsutsidwe kukhoti lamilandu, chifukwa anali kugwira ntchito mkati mwa malire a ntchito yawo.

Mchitidwewu wagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene otsutsa adatsutsa Rumsfeld chifukwa cha ntchito yake yozunza. Muzochitika zonse, komabe, makhothi avomereza kuti US ilowe m'malo ngati woimbidwa mlandu, m'malo mwake. Lingaliro lenileni ndikuti Rumsfeld, monga mlembi wa chitetezo, adapatsidwa ntchito yoteteza dzikolo ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kukonzekera ndi kumenya nkhondo.

Purezidenti Bush amalankhula asanavomereze kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za US ku Iraq, mu October 2002. Chithunzi: William Philpott/Reuters

"Koma izi ndi zomwe khoti la Nuremberg linanena," Comar anandiuza. “A Nazi anakangananso chimodzimodzi: kuti akazembe awo anapatsidwa ntchito yomenya nkhondo, ndipo anachitadi zimenezo, kuti asilikali awo anali kutsatira zimene analamula. Ndiye mkangano womwe Nuremberg adathetsa. "

Comar amakhala pafupifupi spartan frugality m'nyumba ya situdiyo kumzinda wa San Francisco. Maonekedwe ake ndi khoma la simenti lokutidwa ndi moss ndi fern; bafa ndi laling'ono kwambiri, mlendo akhoza kusamba m'manja kuchokera pa foyer. Pa shelefu pafupi ndi bedi lake pali buku lamutu Kudya Nsomba Zazikulu.

Sayenera kukhala ndi moyo wotero. Atamaliza maphunziro a zamalamulo, Comar anakhala zaka zinayi pakampani yazamalamulo, akugwira ntchito pa nkhani za luntha. Adachoka kuti apange kampani yakeyake, kuti athe kugawa nthawi yake pakati pamilandu yachilungamo ndi omwe amalipira ngongole. Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri atamaliza maphunziro ake, amakhalabe ndi ngongole yayikulu kuchokera ku ngongole zake zamalamulo (monga momwe adachitira Barack Obama pamene adalowa ntchito).

Titalankhula mu Disembala, anali ndi milandu ina yambiri, koma anali akukonzekera kuzenga mlandu kwa miyezi pafupifupi 18. Pamene tinali kukambitsirana, iye mosalekeza anayang’ana kunja kwa zenera, ku khoma la moss. Pamene ankamwetulira, mano ake ankanyezimira mu kuwala kosalala. Anali woona mtima koma wofulumira kuseka, ankakonda kukambirana naye maganizo ndipo nthaŵi zambiri ankati, “Limenelo ndi funso labwino!” Ankawoneka ndikuyankhula ngati mabizinesi aukadaulo omwe amawayimira: woganiza bwino, wodekha, wofuna kudziwa zambiri, ndichifukwa chiyani osapereka-kuwombera? malingaliro ofunikira pakuyambira kulikonse.

Chiyambire kusungitsa kwake koyamba mu 2013, mlandu wa Comar udapitilira makhothi ang'onoang'ono pazomwe zimawoneka ngati zopanda phindu. Koma nthawi yoikidwiratu idamupatsa mwayi wowonjezera mwachidule; pofika nthawi imene apilo yake inakambidwa ku Circuit yachisanu ndi chinayi, anali atalandira thandizo mosayembekezereka kuchokera kwa maloya otchuka asanu ndi atatu, aliyense amene anawonjezera ma amicus briefs. Chodziwika pakati pawo chinali ramsey clark, yemwe kale anali loya wamkulu wa US pansi Lyndon B. Johnson, ndi Marjorie Cohn, pulezidenti wakale wa bungwe la Bungwe la National Lawyers. Comar ndiye adamva kuchokera ku maziko omwe adapangidwa ndi Benjamin Ferencz, woimira boma ku Nuremberg wazaka 97 yemwe adalembera kuti: Planethood Foundation idapereka chidule cha amicus.

"Zachidulezo zinali zazikulu," adatero Comar. “Khoti linkaona kuti kumbuyoku kuli gulu lankhondo laling’ono. Sanali munthu wamisala chabe ku San Francisco. "

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Lolemba 12 Disembala ndi kozizira komanso kovutirapo. Bwalo lamilandu lomwe mlanduwu udzazengere mlanduwu lili pa Mission Street ndi 7th Street, mtunda wochepera mamita 30 kuchokera pomwe mankhwala amagulidwa ndikumwedwa poyera. Ndi Comar ndi Curtis Doebbler, pulofesa wa zamalamulo ku Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations; adawuluka usiku watha. Ali ndi ndevu, wowoneka bwino komanso wabata. Ndi chovala chake chachitali chakuda chakuda ndi maso opindika olemera, ali ndi mpweya wa munthu yemwe akutuluka mu usiku wa chifunga yemwe ali ndi nkhani zoipa. Comar akufuna kumupatsa mphindi zisanu pazaka zake 15 kuti ayang'ane pamlanduwo malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.

Tidalowa m'bwalo lamilandu nthawi ili hafu pasiti eyiti. Onse odandaula m’maŵa akuyembekezeka kufika pokwana 30 ndi kumvetsera mwaulemu milandu yonse ya m’maŵa. Bwalo lamilandu ndi laling’ono, ndipo lili ndi mipando pafupifupi XNUMX ya owonerera ndi otenga mbali. Benchi ya oweruza ndi yokwera komanso yapatatu. Aliyense mwa oweruza atatuwa ali ndi maikolofoni, mtsuko wawung'ono wamadzi ndi bokosi la minofu.

Kuyang'anizana ndi oweruza ndi podium pomwe oyimira milandu akupereka mfundo zawo. Zilibe kanthu koma za zinthu ziwiri: pepala losindikizidwa ndi mayina a oweruza - Hurwitz, Graber ndi Boulware - ndi chipangizo, kukula kwa wotchi ya alamu, ndi magetsi atatu ozungulira pamwamba pake: zobiriwira, zachikasu, zofiira. Chiwonetsero cha digito cha wotchiyo chimayikidwa pa 10.00. Iyi ndiye nthawi, yomwe imawerengera kumbuyo mpaka 0, yomwe ingauze Inder Comar kuti watsala ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji.

Ndikofunika kufotokoza zomwe kumva pamaso pa Gawo lachisanu ndi chinayi kumatanthauza komanso sikukutanthauza. Kumbali ina, ndi khoti lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe oweruza ake amalemekezedwa kwambiri komanso okhwimitsa zinthu posankha nkhani zomwe angamve. Kumbali ina, iwo samazenga mlandu. M’malo mwake, atha kuchirikiza chigamulo cha khoti laling’ono kapena angabweze mlandu (kuutumizanso ku khoti laling’ono kuti ukaweruzidwe kwenikweni). Izi ndi zomwe Comar akufuna: ufulu wakumvetsera zenizeni zankhondo.

Chofunikira chomaliza cha Dera lachisanu ndi chinayi ndikuti amagawira pakati pa mphindi 10 mpaka 15 mbali iliyonse. Wosuma mlandu amapatsidwa mphindi 10 kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake chigamulo cha khoti laling’ono chinali cholakwika, ndipo woimbidwa mlandu amapatsidwa mphindi 10 kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake chigamulo cha m’mbuyomu chinali cholungama. Nthawi zina, mowonekera ngati nkhani ili yofunika kwambiri, milandu imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 15.

Otsutsa pamlandu wa karaoke, mwa milandu ina m'mawa womwewo, apatsidwa mphindi 10. Mlandu wa Comar ndi Saleh waperekedwa kwa zaka 15. Ndizosamveka kuvomereza kufunikira kwa nkhani yomwe ili pafupi: funso loti ngati US ingathe kuukira mayiko odziimira okha mwachinyengo - chitsanzo chake ndi zotsatira zake.

Ndiye kachiwiri, Popeyes nkhuku mlandu wapatsidwa mphindi 15, nayenso.

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Zokambirana za tsikulo zimayamba, ndipo kwa aliyense wopanda digiri ya zamalamulo, milandu yomwe ili pa Comar's ilibe tanthauzo. Maloya sakupereka umboni, kuyitana mboni ndi kufunsa mafunso. M’malo mwake, nthawi iliyonse mlandu ukaitanidwa, zotsatirazi zimatsatira. Loyayo amakwera papulatifomu, nthawi zina amatembenukira kwa omvera kuti alimbitse kulimba mtima komaliza kuchokera kwa mnzake kapena wokondedwa. Kenako loya amabweretsa mapepala ake pabwalo ndikukonza mosamala. Pamasamba awa - ndithudi pa Comar's - pali ndondomeko yolembedwa, yaudongo, yofufuzidwa mozama, ya zomwe loya anganene. Ndi mapepala okonzedwa, loya akuwonetsa kuti ali wokonzeka, kalalikiyo amayambitsa chowerengera, ndipo 10.00 mwachangu amakhala 8.23 ​​ndi 4.56 ndiyeno 2.00, pomwe kuwala kobiriwira kumatulutsa chikasu. Ndizovuta kwa onse. Palibe nthawi yokwanira.

Ndipo palibe nthawi iyi yomwe ili ya wotsutsa. Mosapatulako, mkati mwa masekondi 90 oyambirira, oweruza akudumphadumpha. Safuna kumva zolankhula. Awerenga mwachidule ndikufufuza milandu; iwo akufuna kulowa mu nyama yake. Kwa khutu losaphunzitsidwa, zambiri zomwe zimachitika m'bwalo lamilandu zimamveka ngati zovuta - kuyesa mphamvu ya mkangano walamulo, kufotokozera ndi kufufuza zongopeka, kufufuza chinenero, semantics, luso.

Inder Comar ndi Sundus Shaker Saleh kunyumba kwake ku Jordan mu Meyi 2013

Oweruza ali ndi masitayelo osiyanasiyana. Andrew Hurwitz, kumanzere, ndi amene amalankhula zambiri. Pamaso pake pali chikho chachitali cha Ikweta khofi; pa mlandu woyamba, amamaliza. Pambuyo pake, akuwoneka kuti akufuula. Pamene akudukiza maloyawo, amatembenukira mobwerezabwereza, mwachidwi, kwa oweruza ena, monga ngati akunena kuti, “Kodi ndikulondola? Ndili bwino?” Amawoneka kuti akusangalala, akumwetulira ndi kuseka komanso amakhala wotanganidwa nthawi zonse. Pa nthawi ina amabwereza Seinfeld, kunena, "Palibe supu kwa inu." Pankhani ya karaoke, akuwonetsa kuti ndi wokonda. Iye anati: “Ndimakonda karaoke. Kenako akutembenukira kwa oweruza ena aŵiriwo, monga ngati akufunsa kuti, “Kodi ndalondola? Ndili bwino?”

Justice Susan Graber, pakati, sabwereranso kuyang'ana kwa Hurwitz. Amayang'ana kutsogolo kwa maola atatu. Iye ndi wakhungu ndipo masaya ake ndi otuwa, koma kukhudza kwake kumakhala koopsa. Tsitsi lake ndi lalifupi, magalasi ake ndi opapatiza; amayang'anitsitsa loya aliyense pansi, akuthwanima, pakamwa pake patsala pang'ono kudabwa.

Kumanja kuli Justice Richard Boulware, wamng'ono, African American komanso ndi mbuzi yodulidwa bwino. Iye wakhala mwa kutchulidwa, kutanthauza kuti si membala wokhazikika wa Circuit yachisanu ndi chinayi. Amamwetulira nthawi ndi nthawi koma, monga Graber, ali ndi njira yotsamira milomo yake, kapena kuyika dzanja lake pachibwano kapena tsaya, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti sakulekerera zachabechabe pamaso pake.

Pamene ola likuyandikira 11, Comar amanjenjemera kwambiri. Pamene, pa 11.03, kalalikiyo akulengeza, "Sundus Saleh v George Bush,” n’kovuta kuti ndisade nkhawa ndi iye komanso autilaini yake yabwino yamasamba aŵiri.

Kuwala kumakhala kobiriwira ndipo Comar akuyamba. Amalankhula kwa mphindi imodzi yokha Graber asanamudule. Iye anati: “Tiyeni tisiye kuthamangitsa.

"Zedi," akutero Comar.

"Pamene ndimawerenga milanduyi," akutero, "zochita za ogwira ntchito m'boma zitha kukhala zolakwika kwambiri ndipo zikadalipobe ndi Westfall Act, zikadali gawo la ntchito yawo, chifukwa chake zimadalira kutetezedwa kwa Westfall Act. Kodi inu simukugwirizana nazo ngati mfundo wamba?”

"Sindikutsutsana nazo ngati mfundo yachidule," akutero Comar.

"Chabwino," Graber akutero, "chosiyana ndi chiyani pankhaniyi?"

Apa, ndithudi, ndi pamene Comar ankafuna kunena kuti, "Chomwe chimapangitsa izi kukhala zosiyana ndikuti inali nkhondo. Nkhondo yozikidwa pa zonamizira zabodza ndi mfundo zopangidwa. Nkhondo yomwe inapha anthu osachepera theka la milioni. Miyoyo theka la milioni, ndipo fuko linawonongedwa.” Koma pakutentha kwanthawiyo, misempha yake idagwedezeka ndipo ubongo wake udamangidwa mfundo zamalamulo, akuyankha, "Ndikuganiza kuti tifunika kulowa udzu wamalamulo a DC ndikuyang'ana milandu ya DC pomwe ..."

Hurwitz amamusokoneza, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo zonse zakhala zikuchitika, oweruza atatu akusokoneza wina ndi mzake ndi Comar, koma makamaka ndizokhudza Westfall Act komanso ngati Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld ndi Wolfowitz anali kuchita mkati mwa ntchito yawo. Ndi, kwa mphindi zochepa, zochepetsera moseketsa. Nthawi ina Hurwitz amafunsa ngati kapena ayi, ngati wina aliyense wavulala, adzalandira chipukuta misozi. Mfundo yake ndi yoti pulezidenti ndi nduna zake anali ogwira ntchito m'boma, ndipo amadziwa zonse zabwino komanso chitetezo cha ntchitoyo. Kukambitsiranaku kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri masana, pomwe zongopeka zimasangalatsidwa, makamaka mumzimu wa zoseweretsa zaubongo, monga mawu ophatikizika kapena masewera a chess.

Pambuyo pa mphindi zisanu ndi zinayi, Comar amakhala pansi ndikusiya mphindi zisanu ku Doebbler. Monga ngati woponya nkhonya akumenya mng'alu watsopano pamzera womenyera wotsutsa, Doebbler akuyamba kuchokera kumalo osiyana kotheratu, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba zotulukapo zankhondo zikutchulidwa kuti: “Ichi sichiri kuzunza kwanu mwachizolowezi,” iye akutero. "Izi ndizochitika zomwe zidawononga miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Sitikunena ngati wogwira ntchito m'boma amangochita zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yake, muofesi yake, zomwe zimawononga ... "

"Ndiloleni ndikuimitseni kamphindi," akutero Hurwitz. “Ndikufuna kumvetsa kusiyana kwa mkangano umene mukupanga. Mnzanuyo akuti tisapeze lamulo la Westfall kuti ligwiritse ntchito chifukwa sanachite zomwe adalemba. Tiyerekeze kuti anali kwa kanthawi. Mukunena kuti ngakhale atakhala, lamulo la Westfall silikugwira ntchito?

Mphindi zisanu za Doebbler zikuwuluka, ndiye nthawi ya boma. Loya wawo ndi pafupifupi 30, lanky ndi lotayirira. Sakuwoneka wamantha pang'ono pamene akutsutsa mkangano wa Comar, pafupifupi kwathunthu pamaziko a Westfall Act. Atapatsidwa mphindi 15 kuti ateteze boma pa milandu yankhondo yopanda chilungamo, amagwiritsa ntchito 11 okha.

***

Pamene Circuit yachisanu ndi chinayi idagamula motsutsana ndi chiletso cha Trump pa 9 February, ambiri atolankhani aku America, ndipo aku America adachoka, adakondwerera. kufunitsitsa kwa khothi kukwera ndikuyang'ana mphamvu za Purezidenti ndi chiweruzo chosamveka bwino. White House ya Trump, kuyambira tsiku lake loyamba, idawonetsa kufunitsitsa kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo ndi Republican Congress pambali pake, panali nthambi yokhayo yomwe idatsala kuti ichepetse mphamvu zake. A Ninth Circuit anachitadi zimenezo.

Tsiku lotsatira, Circuit yachisanu ndi chinayi inalamulira pa Saleh v Bush, ndipo apa iwo anachita zosiyana. Iwo adatsimikizira kusatetezedwa kwa nthambi yayikulu, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwake. Lingaliro lawo lili ndi chiganizo chodetsa nkhawa: "Pamene lamulo la Westfall lidaperekedwa, zinali zoonekeratu kuti kusatetezedwa kumeneku kudakhudzanso zoyipa."

Lingaliroli ndi masamba a 25 ndipo limafotokoza zambiri mwazodandaula za Comar, koma palibe chilichonse. Kawiri kawiri khothi limakana kutsatira lamulo la Westfall Act, ndipo limakana lamulo lina lililonse lomwe limaloleza - ngakhale mapangano angapo omwe amaletsa nkhanza, kuphatikiza tchati cha UN. Lingalirolo limadzigwirizanitsa lokha kuti livomereze kulemekezedwa kwake, koma limapereka chitsanzo chimodzi cha cholakwa chomwe sichingakhudzidwe ndi lamulo: "Mkulu wa boma angachitepo chifukwa cha 'zake' ngati, mwachitsanzo, agwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake. ofesi kuti ipindulitse bizinesi ya mwamuna kapena mkazi wake, osalabadira kuwonongeka kwa ubwino wa anthu.”

"Izi zinali zonena za Trump," akutero Comar. Tanthauzo lake ndiloti kuphedwa kwa nkhondo yosalungama sikunganenedwe; koma kuti ngati pulezidenti wapano angagwiritse ntchito udindo wake kuthandiza Melania's mtundu, mwachitsanzo, ndiye bwalo likhoza kunenapo kanthu pa izi.

***

Ndi tsiku lotsatira chigamulocho, ndipo Comar akukhala m'nyumba mwake, akukonza. Analandira maganizowo m'mawa, koma analibe mphamvu zowerenga mpaka madzulo; anadziwa kuti sizinamukomere ndipo mlanduwo unali wakufa. Saleh tsopano akukhala m'dziko lachitatu monga wofunafuna chitetezo, ndipo akulimbana ndi nkhani zaumoyo. Watopa kwambiri ndipo alibenso mpata m’moyo mwake wozengera milandu.

Comar nayenso watopa. Mlanduwu watenga pafupifupi zaka zinayi kuti ufike ku Ninth Circuit. Iye amasamala kusonyeza kuyamikira kwake kuti khoti linamva izo poyamba. “Chabwino ndichakuti adazitenga mozama kwambiri. Anathetsadi mkangano uliwonse.”

Akuusa moyo, kenako amatchula zinthu zomwe khoti silinakambirane. "Ali ndi mphamvu yoyang'ana malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ndikuzindikira zankhanza ngati chizolowezi." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, Circuit yachisanu ndi chinayi ikanazindikira kuti kupanga nkhondo kosaloledwa ndi mlandu "wapamwamba", monga momwe oweruza adachitira ku Nuremberg, poyang'aniridwa mosiyana. Koma sanatero. Iwo anati, 'Tikhoza kuchita zimenezo, koma sitipita lero.' Malinga ndi chigamulochi, a White House ndi Congress atha kupha anthu m'dzina lachitetezo cha dziko, ndikutetezedwa.

Mlanduwu ukatha, Comar akukonzekera kugona ndikugwira ntchito. Akumaliza mgwirizano wogula ndi kampani yaukadaulo. Koma akuda nkhawa ndi zotsatira za chigamulocho. "Ndili wokondwa kwambiri kuti khothi likutsutsa a Trump pankhani ya anthu otuluka. Koma, pazifukwa zilizonse, zikafika pankhondo ndi mtendere, ku US zangotulutsidwa mbali ina yaubongo wathu. Ife sitimangofunsa izo. Tiyenera kukambirana chifukwa chake timakhala pankhondo nthawi zonse. Ndipo chifukwa chake nthawi zonse timachita unilaterally. "

Mfundo yakuti olamulira a Bush adachita nkhondo popanda zotsatira zake sizilimbikitsa Trump, akutero Comar, koma ziwawa kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi. "A Russia adatchula Iraq kuti avomereze [kuukira kwawo]. Crimea. Iwo ndi ena amagwiritsa ntchito Iraq ngati chitsanzo. Ndikutanthauza, mapangano ndi ma charter omwe tidakhazikitsa amakhazikitsa njira yoti, ngati mukufuna kuchita zachiwawa, muyenera kuchita mwalamulo. Muyenera kupeza chigamulo kuchokera ku UN ndikugwira ntchito ndi anzanu. Koma dongosolo lonselo likuyenda - ndipo izi zimapangitsa dziko kukhala malo otetezeka kwambiri. "