"Zili pambuyo pathu," a Fernando Gonzales a ku Cuban Five adamwetulira pomwe ndidamuuza mphindi zochepa zapitazo kuti ndili ndi chisoni kuti boma la US lamutsekera m'khola kwa zaka 15. Zinali zabwino za New York Times kuti adzikonzekerere zokambirana kuti amasulire atatu otsala, adatero, makamaka popeza pepalali silinayambepopo pa nkhaniyo.
A Gonzales ati palibe chifukwa choti United States isunge Cuba pamndandanda wazigawenga. Kuti kuli Basque ku Cuba ndi kudzera mu mgwirizano ndi Spain, adatero. Lingaliro loti Cuba ikumenya nkhondo ku Central America ndichabodza, adanenanso, ponena kuti zokambirana zamtendere ku Colombia zikuchitika kuno ku Havana. "Purezidenti wa United States akudziwa izi," adatero Gonzales, "ndichifukwa chake adapempha kuti awunikenso."
Medea Benjamin anakumbukira akubwera ku Cuba mmbuyomo pamene dziko la United States likuyesera kupha osati ku Cuba okha alendo amene analimba mtima kubwera ku Cuba. Izi, adati, ndizomwe anthu aku Cuba adayesa kuyimitsa. Chifukwa chake tili okondwa, adauza Gonzales, kuti titha kubwera kuno osadandaula kuti Obama ayika bomba pamalo ocherezera alendo. Kuda nkhawa? Sizinali nthawi zonse.
Poyambirira lero tinapita ku Sukulu ya Mankhwala a Latin America, omwe tsopano amatchulidwanso ngati akuphunzitsa madokotala ochokera padziko lonse lapansi, osati Latin America chabe. Inayamba mu 1998 potembenuza sukulu yapamwamba ya navy kupita ku sukulu ya zachipatala yomwe imapereka maphunziro kwaulere kwa ophunzira ochokera ku Central America. Kuchokera ku 2005 kufika ku 2014, sukuluyi yawona ophunzira a 24,486 atamaliza maphunziro awo.
Maphunziro awo ndi aulere ndipo amayamba ndi maphunziro a 20-sabata mchilankhulo cha Spain. Ichi ndi sukulu yazachipatala yovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi yozunguliridwa ndi mitengo ya kanjedza komanso masewera m'mapeto a Caribbean, ndipo ophunzira omwe ali oyenerera sukulu ya pre-med - zomwe zikutanthauza zaka ziwiri ku koleji yaku US - atha kubwera kuno kudzakhala madokotala popanda kulipira kobiri, ndipo osapita mazana mazana masauzande angongole kukhala ngongole. Ophunzira sikuyenera kuchita zamankhwala ku Cuba kapena kuchitira Cuba chilichonse, koma akuyembekezeredwa kubwerera kumayiko awo kukachita zamankhwala komwe kumafunikira kwambiri.
Pakadali pano ophunzira 112 a ku US amaliza maphunziro awo, ndipo 99 pano adalembetsa. Ena mwa iwo adapita ndi "brigade" yothandizira kupita ku Haiti. Onsewa, atamaliza maphunziro, apambana mayeso ku US kwawo. Ndinalankhula ndi Olive Albanese, wophunzira zamankhwala ku Madison, Wisconsin. Ndinafunsa zomwe angachite pomaliza maphunziro awo. Iye anayankha kuti, “Tili ndi udindo wololera kugwira ntchito imene akufunika kwambiri.” Anati apita kudera lakumidzi kapena ku America komwe kulibe madokotala ndikukagwira ntchito kumeneko. Anatinso boma la US liyenera kupereka ntchito yomweyi kwa aliyense amene angafune, ndikuti anthu omwe amaliza maphunziro awo ndi ngongole za ophunzira sangatumikire omwe akusowa thandizo.
Mmawa uno tinapita ku malo abwino kwambiri kuposa sukulu ya zamankhwala: Alamar.
Mgwirizano wothandizirana ndi organicwu mahekitala 25 kum'mawa kwa Havana sanasankhe kupita organic. Kubwerera m'zaka za m'ma 1990, mu "nyengo yapadera" (kutanthauza nthawi yoipa kwambiri) panalibe amene anali ndi feteleza kapena ziphe zina. Sakanatha kuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati angafune. Cuba idataya 85% yamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi Soviet Union itatha. Chifukwa chake, a Cuba adaphunzira kulima chakudya chawo, ndipo adaphunzira kuchita izi popanda mankhwala, ndikuphunzira kudya zomwe adalima. Chakudya cholemera kwambiri munayamba kukhala masamba ambiri.
Miguel Salcines, yemwe anayambitsa Alamar, anatipangira ulendo, ndi ogwira ntchito kamera kuchokera ku wailesi ya ku Germany ndi Associated Press. Famuyi yakhala ikupezeka mu zolemba za US zotchedwa Mphamvu Zamtundu, ndipo Salcines wapereka Nkhani ya TED. Pachikhalidwe cha Cuba chokhwimitsa shuga, USSR idawonjezera mankhwala ndi makina, adatero. Mankhwalawa anawononga. Ndipo anthu anali kusamukira kumizinda. Ulimi waukulu udagwa, ndipo ulimi udasinthidwa: wocheperako, wochulukirapo m'tawuni, komanso wamtundu wina aliyense asanadziwe dzinalo. Anthu omwe amanyansidwa ndi mbiri ya ukapolo ndipo sakonda ntchito yokhomera munthu wina, adati, tsopano akupeza njira yabwinoko yogwirira ntchito zophikira organic. Izi zikuphatikiza antchito 150 ku Alamar, ambiri mwa iwo omwe tidawawona ndikulankhula nawo. Ogwira ntchito m'mafamu tsopano akuphatikiza azimayi ambiri komanso achikulire aku Cuba.
Pali achikulire ambiri aku Cuba omwe akugwira ntchito m'minda yama organic chifukwa anthu aku Cuba akukhala moyo wautali (zaka za moyo wa 79.9) ndipo akukhala motalikirapo, malinga ndi a Salcines, mwina mwa zina chifukwa cha chakudya chamagulu. Kuchotsa ng'ombe kwakhazikitsa thanzi la anthu aku Cuba, adatero. Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo topindulitsa komanso chisamaliro choyenera cha nthaka zimalowa m'malo mwa feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuti aliyense apindule. Mchere zikwizikwi amayenera kulowedwa m'malo olimidwa, adatero, ndikubwezeretsa zochepa mwa izo kumabweretsa matenda, matenda ashuga, mavuto amtima, ndi zina zambiri, kuphatikiza kusowa kwa libido - osatchulanso tizirombo tambiri pafamuyi, kuchepetsedwa popatsa chomeracho chakudya choyenera. Ngakhale njuchi zaku Cuba akuti zili ndi moyo.
Salcines akuti Cuba imapanga matani a 1,020,000 a ndiwo zamasamba pachaka, matani a 400 awo ku Alamar mosiyanasiyana komanso pamtunda wa mbewu zisanu pachaka. Alamar imapanganso matani a 40 a mphutsi pachaka, pogwiritsa ntchito matani a 80 a zinthu zofunikira kuti achite.
A Salcines adanenanso za zakudya zabwino zaku Cuba ngati chinthu chabwino chomwe chabwera ku US. Pamwamba pa zonena zamanyazi izi adalengeza kusagwirizana kwake ndi Karl Marx. Kukula kwa anthu ndikofunika komanso kupanga chakudya, adatero. Marx amakhulupirira kuti sayansi ingathetse vutoli, ndipo anali kulakwitsa, anatero a Salcines. Akazi akamalamulira, atero a Salcines, anthu samakula. Chifukwa chake, ikani akazi m'mphamvu, adamaliza. Njira yokhayo yodyetsera dziko lapansi, a Salcines adati, ndikupepesa kwa Monsanto, ndikukana ulimi wakupha posankha ulimi wamoyo.
