(Ili ndi gawo 21 la World Beyond War pepala woyera A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo. Pitirizani ku yapitayi | zotsatirazi gawo.)
Gene Sharp yasintha mbiri kuti apeze ndi kulemba mazana a njira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuti zisawononge kuponderezedwa. Chitetezo cha asilikali (CBD)
amasonyeza chitetezo cha anthu wamba (monga osiyana ndi asilikali) pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda nkhondo (monga zosiyana ndi asilikali ndi zankhondo). Ili ndilo cholinga choletsera ndi kugonjetsa nkhondo zankhondo zakunja, ntchito, ndi kubwezeretsa mkati. "note3 Chitetezo chimenechi "chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu ndi mabungwe ake chifukwa cha kukonzekera, kukonzekera, ndi maphunziro."
Ndi "ndondomeko [momwe] chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ndi mabungwe a anthu amakhala zida zankhondo. Zida zawo zili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maganizo, zachuma, zamagulu, ndi ndale komanso kukana. Lamuloli likufuna kuthetsa kuukira ndikuwatsutsa powakonzekera kuti dziko likhale losamvetsetseka ndi omwe adzakhale oponderezana ndi otsutsa. Anthu ophunzitsidwa ndi mabungwe a anthu angakhale okonzeka kukana omwe akutsutsa zolinga zawo ndi kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wandale mosavuta. Zolingazi zikanapindula pogwiritsa ntchito kusagwirizana kwakukulu komanso kosasankha. Kuwonjezera apo, ngati n'kotheka, dziko lokhazikitsira nkhondo lidzafuna kukhazikitsa mavuto ochuluka omwe akukumana nawo omwe akukumana nawo ndi kusokoneza kudalirika kwa asilikali awo ndi ogwira ntchito.
Gene Sharp (Wolemba, Woyambitsa wa Albert Einstein Institution)
Vuto lomwe mayiko onse akukumana nalo kuyambira pakuyambika nkhondo, kutanthauza kuti, kugonjera kapena kukhala chiwonetsero cha galasi, akukhazikitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu. Kukhala ngati nkhondo yonga yowonjezera yowonjezerekayo kunachokera pa zenizeni kuti kumuletsa kumafuna kuumirizidwa. Chitetezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu chimasokoneza mphamvu zamphamvu zokhutitsidwa zomwe sizikufuna kumenya nkhondo.
Mu chitetezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu, chigwirizano chonse chimachotsedwa ku mphamvu yowonongeka. Palibe ntchito. Magetsi samabwera, kapena kutenthedwa, kutayika sikunatengedwe, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake sikugwira ntchito, makhoti amasiya kugwira ntchito, anthu samvera malamulo. Izi ndi zomwe zinachitika mu "Kapp Putsch" ku Berlin mu 1920 pamene wolamulira woweruza ndi asilikali ake apadera amayesa kulanda. Boma lapitalo linathawa, koma nzika za Berlin zinalamulira zovuta kwambiri moti, ngakhale mphamvu zamphamvu zankhondo, chiwombankhanga chinatha mu masabata. Mphamvu zonse sizichokera ku mbiya ya mfuti.
Nthaŵi zina, kuwononga chuma cha boma kungakhale koyenera. Pamene Asilikali a ku France adagonjetsa dziko la Germany pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lapansi, ogwira ntchito ku sitima za ku Germany anagwira ntchito zowononga zida ndi kutseketsa njira kuti asamapite ku France kuti asamuke. Ngati msilikali wa ku France atayendetsa tram, dalaivala anakana kusuntha.
Mfundo ziwiri zenizeni zothandizira zotsutsana ndi anthu; choyamba, kuti mphamvu zonse zimabwera kuchokera pansipa-boma lonse ndivomerezedwa ndi boma ndipo chilolezocho chikhoza kuchotsedwa nthawizonse, kuchititsa kugwa kwa olamulira akuluakulu. Chachiwiri, ngati fuko likuwoneka ngati losayembekezereka, chifukwa cha mphamvu yamphamvu yoteteza asilikali, palibe chifukwa choyesera. Mtundu wotetezedwa ndi mphamvu zankhondo ukhoza kugonjetsedwa mu nkhondo ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ya nkhondo. Pali zitsanzo zambirimbiri. Zitsanzo zimakhalansopo za anthu omwe akukwera ndi kugonjetsa maboma oponderezana okhwima mwakumenyana kosalekeza, kuyambira poti amasulidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu yogwira ntchito ku India ndi gulu la Gandhi mphamvu zamphamvu, kupitiliza ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa boma la Marcos ku Philippines, ulamuliro wouluka wa Soviet mu Eastern Europe, ndi Spring Arab, kutchula zitsanzo zochepa chabe.
Mwa chitetezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu onse akuluakulu okhoza amaphunzitsidwa njira zotsutsa.note4 Msonkho wotetezeka wa Mgwirizano wa mamiliyoni uli bungwe, kupanga dzikoli kukhala lolimba mu ufulu wake womwe palibe amene angaganize kuti ayesa kuligonjetsa. Bungwe la CBD likufalitsidwa kwambiri ndipo likuwonekera bwino kwa adani. Bungwe la CBD lingapereke ndalama zochepa pa ndalama zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira zida zankhondo. CBD ikhoza kupereka chitetezo champhamvu mu Nkhondo Yachilendo, pamene ili gawo lalikulu la mtendere wamtendere.
(Pitirizani ku yapitayi | zotsatirazi gawo.)
Tikufuna kumva kuchokera kwa inu! (Chonde lankhulani ndemanga pansipa)
Izi zawatsogolera bwanji inu kuganiza mosiyana za njira zina zankhondo?
Kodi mungawonjezere, kapena kusintha, kapena kukayikira za izi?
Kodi mungatani kuti muthandize anthu ambiri kumvetsetsa za njirazi?
Kodi mungachite bwanji kuti izi zitheke ku nkhondo?
Chonde mugawane nkhaniyi!
Zolemba zofanana
Onani zina zotsatizana nazo “Chitetezo Chankhondo
Onani Mndandanda wa Zamkatimu A Global Security System: An Alternative Nkhondo
zolemba:
3. Mphungu, Gene. 1990. Chitetezo Chokhazikitsidwa ndi Asilikali: Ndondomeko Yogwiritsa Ntchito Zida Zankhondo. Lumikizani ku bukhu lonse: http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Civilian-Based-Defense-English.pdf. (bwererani ku nkhani yaikulu)
4. Onani Gene Sharp, Politics of Nonviolent Action, ndikupanga Europe Yosagonjetsedwa, ndi chitetezo cha Asirikali pakati pa ntchito zina. Kabuku kakuti, Kuchokera ku Dictatorship mpaka ku Demokarasi kanamasuliridwa ku Arabiya isanafike ku Spring Spring. (bwererani ku nkhani yaikulu)
