Pamene Russia ndi Syria zidapha anthu wamba popitikitsa magulu ankhondo a Al Qaeda ku Aleppo, asitikali aku US ndi atolankhani adafuwula "milandu yankhondo." Koma kuphulitsa komwe akutsogoleredwa ndi US ku Mosul ku Iraq kudachita sikusiyana.
Wolemba Nicolas JS Davies, Ogasiti 21, 2017, Nkhani za Consortium.
Malipoti aukazitape aku Iraq aku Iraq ati akuti kuzungulira kwa Iraq ndi miyezi isanu ndi inayi ndikuzunguliridwa kwa bomba kwa Mosul kukachotsa asitikali a Islamic State adapha nzika za 40,000. Uku ndiye kuyerekezera kozama mpaka pano kwa anthu wamba omwe afa ku Mosul.
Asitikali aku US akuwotcha M109A6 Paladin kuchokera
msonkhano waluso ku Hamam al-Alil
kuthandizira poyambira chitetezo cha Iraq
ankhondo aku West Mosul, Iraq,
Feb. 19, 2017. (Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Staff Sgt.
Jason Hull)
Koma ngakhale izi zikuyenera kukhala zosaganizira kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa anthu wamba omwe aphedwa. Palibe kafukufuku wofunitsitsa yemwe adachitika kuti awerengere akufa ku Mosul, ndipo kafukufuku m'madera ena ankhondo apeza anthu akufa omwe apitilira kuyerekezera kwaposachedwa ndi 20 mpaka m'modzi, monga bungwe la United Nations loona za Choonadi Guatemala kutha kwa nkhondo yake yapachiweniweni. Ku Iraq, maphunziro a miliri mu 2004 ndi 2006 adawulula a chiwembu chobwera pambuyo pa kuwukira zomwe zinali pafupifupi nthawi za 12 kuposa zoyerekeza zam'mbuyomu.
Kuphulika kwa Mosul kuphatikizaponso makumi mabiliyoni masauzande angapo bomba ndi zophonya yagwetsedwa ndi ndege za US ndi "mgwirizano", zikwizikwi 220-pound HiMARS miyala Kuthamangitsidwa ndi US Marines kuchokera ku "Rocket City" yawo ku Quayara, ndi makumi kapena mazana masauzande Zigoba za 155-mm ndi 122-mm Howitzer atulutsidwa ndi zojambula zaku US, France ndi Iraq.
Kuphulika kwa miyezi isanu ndi inayi kunasiya Mosul yambiri m'mabwinja (monga tikuonera pano), kotero kuchuluka kwa kupha pakati pa anthu wamba sikuyenera kudabwitsa aliyense. Koma kuwululidwa kwa malipoti anzeru zaku Kurdani a Minister wakale waku Iraq a Hoshyar Zebari mu kuyankhulana ndi Patrick Cockburn wa ku UK Independent Nyuzipepala imanena mosapita m'mbali kuti mabungwe azamagetsi amadziwa bwino kuchuluka kwa anthu wamba ozunzidwa panthawi yonseyi.
Malipoti a anzeru achi Kurd abweretsa mafunso ovuta pazomwe asitikali aku US adanenapo zakufa kwa anthu wamba pakuphulitsa kwawo bomba ku Iraq ndi Syria kuyambira 2014. Posachedwa pa Epulo 30, 2017, asitikali aku US adawerengera pagulu anthu onse omwe amwalira chifukwa cha anthu onse Mabomba a 79,992 ndi mizati idagwera ku Iraq ndi Syria kuyambira 2014 kokha ngati "Osachepera 352." Pa Juni 2, idangosinthitsa pang'ono kuyerekezera kopusa kwake "Osachepera 484."
"Kusiyana" - kuchulukitsa pafupifupi 100 - mwa anthu wamba omwe afa pakati pa malipoti anzeru zaku Kurdish ndi zomwe asitikali aku US anena sizingakhale funso pomasulira kapena kusagwirizana pakati pa anzawo. Ziwerengerozi zikutsimikizira kuti, monga akatswiri odziyimira pawokha akuganizira, asitikali aku US achita mwadala kuti awononge anthu wamba omwe awapha munthawi ya bomba ku Iraq ndi Syria.
Kampeni Yofalitsa
Cholinga chokhacho chofalitsira milandu asitikali ankhondo aku US ndikuchepetsa zomwe anthu akuchita ku United States ndi Europe kupha anthu masauzande ambiri kuti US ndi magulu ankhondo apitirize kuphulitsa bomba ndikupha popanda choletsa ndale kapena kuyankha mlandu.
Nikki Haley, Wokhazikika ku United States
Woimira UN, amatsutsa
anaimba milandu yaku Syria yaku Syria
Security Council pa Epulo 27, 2017 (Chithunzi cha UN)
Kungakhale kupusa kukhulupirira kuti mabungwe aboma ku United States kapena atolankhani aku US atenga nawo mbali pofufuza kuchuluka kwa nzika zomwe zaphedwa ku Mosul. Koma ndikofunikira kuti mabungwe aboma padziko lonse lapansi azindikire za kuwonongedwa kwa Mosul ndikuphedwa kwa anthu ake. UN ndi maboma padziko lonse lapansi akuyenera kuyimba mlandu United States pazomwe achita ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu kuti athetse kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba ku Raqqa, Tal Afar, Hawija komanso kulikonse komwe bomba lomwe likutsogoleredwa ndi US lipitilirabe.
Ntchito zabodza zaku US zonamizira kuti asitikali ake ankhondowo sakupha nzika mazana ambiri adayamba kale asanaukire Mosul. M'malo mwake, pomwe asitikali aku US alephera kuthana ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mayiko aliwonse omwe awukira kapena kuwukira kuyambira 2001, zolephera zawo pankhondoyi zakwaniritsidwa chifukwa chopambana pantchito zabodza zomwe zasiya anthu aku America kusadziwa kwathunthu zakufa ndi chiwonongeko Asitikali aku US awononga mayiko osachepera asanu ndi awiri (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Somalia ndi Libya).
Mu 2015, Madokotala for Social Responsential (PSR) adalemba lipotilo, "Kuwerengera Kwa Thupi: Zovuta Zovuta Pambuyo pa 10 Zaka Za 'Nkhondo Pa Zoopsa'. ” Lipotili la masamba 97 lidasanthula zoyesayesa zowerengera anthu akufa ku Iraq, Afghanistan ndi Pakistan, ndikuti anthu pafupifupi 1.3 miliyoni adaphedwa m'maiko atatu okha.
Ndifufuza kafukufuku wa PSR mwatsatanetsatane, koma kuchuluka kwa 1.3 miliyoni omwe adamwalira m'maiko atatu okha kukusiyana ndi zomwe akuluakulu aku US ndi media media adauza anthu aku America za nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikumenyedwera dzina lathu.
Pambuyo powunika ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana zakufa kunkhondo ku Iraq, olemba a Kuwerengeka kwa Thupi anamaliza kuti kuphunzira kwamatenda motsogozedwa ndi Gilbert Burnham wa Johns Hopkins School of Public Health mu 2006 anali woyenera kwambiri komanso wodalirika. Koma patangopita miyezi ingapo kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti pafupifupi aku 600,000 aku Iraq mwina adaphedwa mzaka zitatu kuyambira kuwukira komwe kutsogozedwa ndi US, AP-Ipsos omwe adafunsa anthu aku America kuti awerenge kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Iraq omwe adaphedwa adapereka kuyankha kwapakati pa 9,890 yokha.
Chifukwa chake, kamodzinso, tikupeza kusiyana kwakukulu - kuchulukitsa pafupifupi 60 - pakati pazomwe anthu adakhulupirira ndikukhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adaphedwa. Ngakhale asitikali aku US awerengera mosamala ndikuzindikira omwe avulala nawo pankhondo izi, agwira ntchito molimbika kuti anthu aku US asakhale mumdima za anthu angati omwe aphedwa m'maiko omwe adawukira kapena kuwukira.
Izi zimathandiza atsogoleri andale aku US kuti asunge chinyengo chakuti tikumenya nkhondoyi m'maiko ena kuti athandize anthu awo, mosiyana ndi kupha mamiliyoni ambiri a iwo, kuphulitsa mabomba m'mizinda yawo, ndikupangitsa mayiko ena kukhala achiwawa komanso chipwirikiti chomwe atsogoleri athu amakhalidwe abwino alibe yankho, lankhondo kapena ina.
(Kafukufuku wa Burnham atatulutsidwa ku 2006, atolankhani waku Western adakhala nthawi yambiri ndikuwononga phunziroli kuposa momwe adagwiritsidwira ntchito kuyesera kuchuluka kwa aku Iraq omwe adamwalira chifukwa chakuwombera.)
Zida Zosokonekera
Pamene US idatulutsa bomba lowopsa "ku Iraq" mu 2003, mtolankhani wina wolimba mtima wa AP amalankhula ndi a Rob Hewson, mkonzi wa Zida Zankhondo za Jane, magazini yapadziko lonse yogulitsa zida zankhondo, yemwe amamvetsetsa zomwe "zida zopangira mpweya" zimapangidwira. Hewson akuyerekezera kuti 20-25% yazida zaposachedwa kwambiri zaku US "zolondola" anali akusowa zomwe akumana nazo, kupha anthu mwachisawawa ndikuwononga nyumba zosafunikira ku Iraq.
Poyamba kuukira kwa US ku Iraq mu
2003, Purezidenti George W. Bush adalamula
asitikali aku US kuti achite zoyipa
ndege yakuukira ku Baghdad, yomwe imadziwika kuti
"Mantha komanso mantha."
Pambuyo pake Pentagon inaulula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mabomba anaponyedwa ku Iraq sanali "zida zenizeni" poyambira, kotero pafupifupi theka la bomba lomwe likuphulika ku Iraq anali chabe mabomba akale apakapeti kapena zida "zolondola" zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasowa zomwe amafuna.
Monga a Rob Hewson adauza AP, "Pankhondo yomwe ikumenyedwera anthu aku Iraq, simungathe kupha aliyense wa iwo. Koma simungaponye mabomba komanso osapha anthu. Zonsezi sizingafanane ndi chilichonse. ”
Zaka khumi ndi zinayi pambuyo pake, dichotomy iyi imapitilizabe pantchito yankhondo yaku US padziko lonse lapansi. Kumbuyo kwa mawu onyoza monga "kusintha kwa maboma" ndi "kulowererapo kwa anthu," kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwamphamvu motsogozedwa ndi US kwawononga dongosolo lililonse lomwe likupezeka m'maiko osachepera asanu ndi limodzi komanso zigawo zazikulu za ena ambiri, kuwasiya atadzazidwa ndi ziwawa komanso chisokonezo.
M'mayiko onsewa, asitikali aku US tsopano akumenya nkhondo mosagwirizana yomwe imagwira ntchito pakati pa anthu wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kulimbana ndi asitikali kapena asitikali osapha anthu wamba. Koma, kupha anthu wamba kumangoyendetsa ambiri opulumuka kulowa nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi akunja, kuonetsetsa kuti nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansiyi ikupitilirabe komanso ikukula.
Kuwerengeka kwa ThupiChiwerengero cha anthu 1.3 miliyoni omwe amwalira, chomwe chidayika chiwerengero cha anthu ku Iraq pafupifupi 1 miliyoni, chidatengera maphunziro angapo azakufalikira komwe kudachitika kumeneko. Koma olembawo adatsimikiza kuti palibe maphunziro ngati amenewa omwe adachitika ku Afghanistan kapena Pakistan, motero kuyerekezera kwake kwa mayiko amenewo kutengera malipoti ochepa, osadalirika omwe amapangidwa ndi magulu omenyera ufulu wa anthu, maboma aku Afghanistan ndi Pakistani komanso UN Assistance Mission ku Afghanistan. Kotero Kuwerengeka kwa ThupiChiyerekezo cha anthu 300,000 ophedwa ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan atha kukhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa chiwonetsero chenicheni cha anthu omwe adaphedwa m'maiko amenewo kuyambira 2001.
Anthu zikwizikwi aphedwa ku Syria, Yemen, Somalia, Libya, Palestine, Philippines, Ukraine, Mali ndi maiko ena omwe apezeka pankhondo yomwe ikupitilirayi, limodzi ndi anthu aku Western omwe anaphedwa chifukwa cha zigawenga zochokera ku San Bernardino kupita ku Barcelona ndi Turku. Chifukwa chake, mwina sikokokomeza kunena kuti nkhondo zomwe US idamenyera kuyambira 2001 yapha anthu osachepera mamiliyoni awiri, ndikuti magaziwo mulibe kapena akuchepera.
Kodi ife, anthu aku America, omwe timamenyera nkhondo zonsezi, titha kudzisungira tokha komanso atsogoleri andale komanso ankhondo chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kumeneku kwa anthu ambiri osalakwa? Ndipo tidzawalamula bwanji atsogoleri athu ankhondo ndi makampani atolankhani pamilandu yabodza yololeza yomwe imalola mitsinje yamagazi a anthu kuti isamayimidwe ndikulephera kuthana ndi mithunzi ya "gulu lathu lazidziwitso"?
Nicolas JS Davies ndiye mlembi wa Magazi M'manja Mwathu: Kuukira kwa America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq. Adalembanso machaputala onena za "Obama pa Nkhondo" Polemba Purezidenti wa 44: Khadi La Lipoti Pa Nthawi Yoyamba ya Barack Obama ngati Mtsogoleri Wopita Patsogolo.
