Ogwira ntchito za usilikali ku US akuphunzitsa m'kalasi ya sukulu, pofotokoza ku sukulu masiku a ntchito, kulumikizana ndi mayunitsi a JROTC m'masekondale ndi masukulu apakati, akudzipereka ngati aphunzitsi amasewera ndi aphunzitsi apabanja komanso masana masana m'masukulu apamwamba, apakatikati, ndi oyambira, akuwonetsedwa mu ma humvees ndi $ 9,000 stereos, kubweretsa omwe ali mgawo lachisanu kumabwalo ankhondo a sayansi yamanja malangizo, ndikutsatira zomwe amachitcha "kulowa kwathunthu pamsika" komanso "kukhala ndi sukulu."
koma anthu ogwira ntchito konsekonse ku United States akupanga zokambirana zawo m'masukulu, akufalitsa zidziwitso zawo, malo opezera anthu usilikali, ndikugwira ntchito m'makhothi ndi nyumba zamalamulo kuti achepetse kufikira asitikali asukulu komanso kupewa kuyesa kunkhondo kapena kugawana zotsatira zoyeserera ndi asitikali opanda ophunzira chilolezo. Kulimbana uku kwa mitima ndi malingaliro kwakhala kopambana kwambiri ndipo kungafalikire ngati ena atatsatira chitsanzo cha omwe amakulemberani ntchito.
Buku latsopano lolembedwa ndi Scott Harding ndi Seth Kershner Kuyanjanitsa ndi Ntchito Yowonetsera Sukulu Zophunzitsa Anthu akufufuza kayendetsedwe kamene kakugwiritsanso ntchito ntchito, mbiri yake, komanso tsogolo lake. Zomwe zilipo ndi njira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulankhulana payekha ndi omwe angapezeke.
“Kodi mumakonda zozimitsa moto?” msirikali wakale wankhondo yaposachedwa ku Iraq atha kufunsa wophunzira pasukulu yasekondale. “Inde!” Mukuyankha Hart Viges, “Simudzabwerera kuchokera kunkhondo.”
“Ndidayankhula ndi mwana m'modzi uyu,” akukumbukira motero wankhondo wakale waku Vietnam a John Henry, "ndipo ndidati, 'Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene adalowa usilikari?' Ndipo adati, 'Agogo anga.'
"Ndipo tidakambirana za iye, za kuchepa kwake komanso kuti anali khola ku Vietnam, ndipo ndidati, 'O, akukuuzani chiyani za nkhondo?'
“'Amalota zoopsa.'
"Ndipo ndidati, 'Ndipo ukupita mu nthambi yanji yautumiki?'
"'Ankhondo.'
"'Ndipo utenga luso liti?'
"'O, ndikungoyenda wapansi.'
“Mukudziwa… agogo anu akukuuzani kuti ali ndi malotowo ndipo izi zinali zaka 40 zapitazo. Wakhala akulota maloto kwazaka 40. Kodi ukufuna kuti uzilota maloto kwazaka 40? ”
Malingaliro amasinthidwa. Miyoyo ya achichepere imapulumutsidwa - ya ana omwe salembetsa, kapena omwe amabwerera kunja nthawi isanathe, ndipo mwina miyoyo yomwe akadathandizira kutha akadakhala kuti atenga "ntchito".
Ntchito yamtundu woterewu ingakhale ndi phindu mwamsanga. Barbara Harris, yemwe adawonanso maumboni a NBC omwe anathandiza pempho ili ndipo ndili ndi pulogalamu yolimbikitsa nkhondo, "Ndemanga zomwe ndimalandira kuchokera kwa [makolo] ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri chifukwa [ndikamayankhula ndi kholo ndikuwona momwe ndawathandizira mwanjira ina, ndikumva kuti ndadalitsidwa kwambiri . ”
Ntchito ina yotsutsa ntchito ingatengere nthawi yaying'ono ndipo imakhala yochepa kwambiri koma imakhudza miyoyo yambiri. Ena 10% mpaka 15% omwe amapita ku sukulu amapita ku usilikali pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a ASVAB, omwe amaperekedwa kumadera ena a sukulu, nthawi zina amafunika, nthawi zina popanda kuwauza ophunzira kapena makolo kuti ali a usilikali, nthawizina ndi zotsatira zowonjezera usilikali popanda chilolezo kwa ophunzira kapena makolo. Chiwerengero cha zigawo za mayiko ndi sukulu zomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa ASVAB zikuchepa chifukwa cha ntchito ya ogwira ntchito polemba malamulo komanso kusintha ndondomeko.
Koma chikhalidwe cha US chili ndi zida zankhondo kwambiri, kuti ngati palibe olemba ntchito kapena othandizira odziwa bwino ntchito aphunzitsi ndi alangizi othandizira anzawo, amalimbikitsa asilikali kumaphunziro. Masukulu ena amalembetsa ophunzira onse ku JROTC. Otsogolera alangizi ena amalimbikitsa ophunzira kuti alowe mmalo mwa JROTC ku sukulu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngakhale aphunzitsi a Kindergarten adzaitanira mamembala ovala yunifolomu kapena kulimbikitsa asilikali osatukuka m'masukulu awo. Aphunzitsi azakafukufuku adzawonetsa zolemba za Pearl Harbor pa Pearl Harbor Day ndikulankhula mwazolemekeza asitikali osafunikira kulumikizidwa mwachindunji kuchokera kumaofesi olemba anthu ntchito. Ndikukumbutsidwa zomwe Starbucks adanena atafunsidwa chifukwa chake inali ndi malo ogulitsira khofi pamsasa wozunzirako anthu / ku Guantanamo. Starbucks adati kusankha kusachita izi kungafanane ndi ndale. Kusankha kutero inali machitidwe wamba.
Chimodzi mwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti usilikali ku sukulu ndi bajeti ya biliyoni ya olemba usilikali komanso mphamvu zina zopanda chilungamo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pulogalamu ya JROTC ikuopsezedwa, alangizi akhoza dongosolo ophunzira (kapena ana omwe kale ankadziwika kuti ophunzira) kuti awonetsere ndi kuchitira umboni pamsonkhano wa komiti ya sukulu kuti athe kusunga pulogalamuyi.
Zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito m'masukulu athu, komabe, ndi mphamvu ina - mphamvu zabodza ndikuzichotsa popanda kutsutsidwa. Malinga ndi zolembedwa za Harding ndi Kershner, olemba anzawo ntchito nthawi zonse amapusitsa ophunzira za kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe akukhala munkhondo, kuthekera kosintha malingaliro awo, kuthekera koleji yaulere monga mphotho, kupezeka kwa maphunziro a zamishonale mu usilikali, ndi kuopsa kwa kulowa usilikali.
Gulu lathu ladzipereka kwambiri pakuchenjeza achinyamata za chitetezo pakugonana, kuyendetsa galimoto, kumwa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, masewera, ndi zina. Pankhani yolowa usilikari, kafukufuku wa ophunzira adapeza kuti palibe m'modzi wa iwo amene adauzidwa chilichonse chokhudza zoopsa zawo - choyambirira kudzipha. Iwo ali, monga Kuvutikira ndi Kershner akunena, adanena zambiri za chiwonongeko, palibe chokhudza zachisokonezo. Ndikuwonjezeranso kuti iwo sauzidwa za mitundu ina yowonjezera yauchidwi kunja kwa asilikali. Ndikuonjezeranso kuti iwo sauzidwa kanthu za anthu omwe sali a US omwe amamenyana nawo nkhondo omwe makamaka akupha anthu, kapena kuvulaza khalidwe ndi PTSD zomwe zingatsatire. Ndipo ndithudi, sauzidwa kanthu za njira zina zogwirira ntchito.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti iwo sauzidwa chilichonse mwa izi ndi olemba ntchito. Amauzidwa ena mwa iwo olemba ntchito. Kuvutikira ndi Kershner amatchula AmeriCorps ndi City Year monga njira zina zankhondo zomwe olemba anzawo amachititsa nthawi zina kuti ophunzira adziwe. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa njira ina yowonjezera ntchito amapezekanso ophunzira ena omwe amalembetsa ngati olemba anzawo ntchito kuti athandize anzako kuchoka usilikali. Kafukufuku amapeza kuti anyamata omwe amapita ku sukulu amazunza pang'ono, amakhala ndi zolinga zowonjezera, komanso amapanga maphunziro.
Kusamaliridwa kwa asilikali kumakwera pamene chuma chikuchepa, ndipo chikutha pamene nkhani za nkhondo zamakono zikuwonjezeka. Amene adatumizidwa amakonda kukhala nazo ndalama zochepa zabanja, makolo osaphunzira kwambiri, komanso kukula kwa mabanja. Zikuwoneka kuti ndizotheka kwa ine kuti kupambana kwamalamulo olembetsa anthu ambiri kuposa kusintha kulikonse pakuyesa kwa ASVAB kapena kufikira malo ogulitsira masukulu kungakhale kuti United States ilowe nawo mayiko omwe amapanga koleji kwaulere. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, wandale wodziwika bwino yemwe amalimbikitsa lingaliro ili, Senator Bernie Sanders, akukana kunena kuti angalipire chilichonse chomwe akufuna kukonza pomenya nkhondo, kutanthauza kuti ayenera kulimbana ndi phiri motsutsana ndi kufuula kwamphamvu koti "Musakweze misonkho!" (ngakhale 99% ya anthu sadzawona zikwama zawo zikuchepa konse m'malingaliro ake).
Koleji yaulere imaphwanyiratu usilikali. Kodi izi zikufotokozera mpaka pati otsutsa andale ku koleji yaulere? Sindikudziwa. Koma ndikutha kulingalira pakati pa mayankho omwe asitikali angalimbikitse kuti nzika zikhale mphotho kwa omwe asamukira kudziko lina omwe amalowa nawo usilikali, mabhonasi apamwamba komanso apamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma mercenaries akunja ndi apanyumba, kudalira kwambiri ma drones ndi ma robot ena, ndi kumenyera nkhondo magulu ankhondo akunja, komanso kukayikira kwambiri kuyambitsa ndikukulitsa ndikupitiliza nkhondo.
Ndipo ndiye mphotho yomwe tidatsata, sichoncho? Banja lomwe lidayambitsidwa ku Middle East limangokhala lakufa, kuvulala, kukhumudwa, komanso kusowa pokhala ngati olakwirawo ali pafupi kapena akutali, mlengalenga kapena pamalo opangira makompyuta, obadwira ku United States kapena pachilumba cha Pacific, sichoncho? Olemba anzawo ambiri omwe ndikudziwa angavomereze ndi 100%. Koma amakhulupirira, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka, kuti ntchito yolimbana ndi olemba ntchito kumbuyo ikuthandizira kupanga nkhondo.
Komabe, zovuta zina zimalowanso, kuphatikizapo chikhumbo chowateteza ophunzira, komanso chikhumbo choletsa kusiyana kwa fuko kapena kapangidwe ka ntchito zomwe nthawi zina zimayang'ana molakwika pa masukulu osauka kapena amitundu yochepa. Malamulo omwe akhala akukayikitsa kulekerera anthu akugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha atayankhidwa monga nkhani ya kusankhana mitundu.
Olemba anzawo zambiri, a Harding ndi a Kershner akuti, "anali osamala kuti asitikali agwire ntchito zovomerezeka mdziko muno ndipo ndi ntchito yolemekezeka." Mwa zina, ndikuganiza kuti zokambirana ngati izi ndi njira - kaya ndiyanzeru kapena ayi - yomwe imakhulupirira kuti kutsutsa nkhondo kungatseke zitseko ndikupatsa mphamvu adani, pomwe kuyankhula za "chinsinsi cha ophunzira”Ipatsa mwayi anthu omwe amatsutsa nkhondo kuti athe kufikira ophunzira ndi chidziwitso chawo. Koma, zowonadi, kunena kuti asitikali ndi chinthu chabwino ndikuletsa ana am'deralo kuti asalowe nawo m'malo mwa kununkha kwa NIMBYism: Pezani chakudya chanu chachitsulo, osati mu Yard Yanga Yanga.
Ena, ngakhale sikuti ndi onse, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndi ochepa omwe amalemba anzawo milandu amapanganso milandu yotsutsana ndi mitundu ina yamtendere. Amalongosola zomwe amachita ngati "kuchitadi kena kake," mosiyana ndi kuguba kumisonkhano kapena kukhala m'maofesi a DRM, ndi zina zambiri. Ndidzawapatsa mwayi woti zomwe ndimakumana nazo sizabwino. Ndimachita zokambirana ndi atolankhani. Nthawi zambiri ndimapita kumisonkhano yomwe imandiuza kuti ndiyankhule. Ndimalipidwa kuti ndikonzekeretse nkhondo zapaintaneti. Ndikukonzekera misonkhano. Ndikulemba zolemba ndi ma op-ed ndi mabuku. Ndili ndi malingaliro oti "ndichita china chake" chomwe mwina anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka pamwambo kapena amafunsa mafunso kuchokera kwa omvera kapena kusaina pempholo la pa intaneti samangochita. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri amapeza ophunzira akulankhula kutali ndikumakhutiritsa kwambiri kuposa kumangidwa kutsogolo kwa drone, ngakhale anthu ambiri abwino amachita zonsezi.
Koma, mwa lingaliro langa, kusanthula kolakwika komwe ena amaganiza kuti kupeza mayeso kusukulu ndichowona, konkriti, komanso kopindulitsa, pomwe kudzaza National Mall ndi zikwangwani zankhondo sikothandiza. Mu 2013 lingaliro lakuphulitsa bomba la Syria limawoneka ngati lotheka, koma mamembala a Congress adayamba kuda nkhawa kuti ndiamuna yemwe adavotera Iraq ina. (Zikuyenda bwanji kwa Hillary Clinton?) Sanali olemba anzawo omwe adapanga Iraq kuvota baji yamanyazi ndi chiwonongeko chandale. Komanso sikunafikiridwe kwa ophunzira komwe kumalimbikitsa mgwirizano wanyukiliya waku Iran chaka chatha.
Kugawanitsa pakati pa mitundu ya mtendere yoteteza mtendere ndizopusa. Anthu abweretsedwa ku ntchito yowatumizira anthu kumisonkhano yambirimbiri, ndipo ophunzira omwe anafika kwa olemba ntchito anzawo akukonzekera zionetsero zazikulu. Kulemba ntchito kumaphatikizapo zovuta kuyeza zinthu monga Super Bowl imauluka-overs ndi masewera akanema. Momwemonso kuthana ndikulemba ntchito. Ntchito zotsutsana ndi mitundu ina yamtendere ikuchulukirachulukira ndikumenya nkhondo, malipoti, komanso mgwirizano. Ndikufuna kuwona awiriwa akuphatikizidwa m'misonkhano yayikulu m'malo ophunzitsira anthu. Harding ndi Kershner atchulanso chimodzi mwa omwe adalembetsa kuti gulu limodzi lotereli lidayambitsa kutsutsana ndi ntchito yake, koma ndingadabwe ngati sizikadapwetekanso kufunsidwa. Olembawo amatchulanso zitsanzo zina za ziwonetsero zomwe zalengezedwa bwino kumaofesi olemba anthu ntchito zomwe zakhala zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kufunsira anthu ntchito kumeneko.
Chowonadi n'chakuti palibe mtundu wotsutsana ndi usilikali umene unalipo kale. Kulimbikitsidwa ndi Kershner amatchula zitsanzo zodabwitsa za chikhalidwe chodziwika kwambiri chokhazikitsa ntchito ku 1970s, pamene chinathandizidwa ndi National Organization for Women ndi Congressional Black Caucus, ndipo pamene akatswiri apamwamba poyera adalangiza alangizi kuti asamalowere ntchito.
Gulu lamphamvu kwambiri lankhondo, ndikukhulupirira, lingaphatikizepo mphamvu zolembera anthu ntchito kukakamiza, kutsutsa, kukana, kuphunzitsa, kupatukana, kufalitsa, ndi zina zambiri. Kungakhale kusamala kukhazikitsa kukakamira kulemba anthu ntchito pophunzitsa anthu za omwe- Nkhondo zakumayiko aku US, zotsutsana ndi lingaliro loti kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumachitika kwa wozunza. A Harding ndi a Kershner atagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa m'buku lawo "Popanda nkhondo yotentha" pofotokoza tsikuli, anthu omwe akuphedwa ndi zida zaku US ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, Palestine, ndi zina zambiri ., ndipangeni?
Timafunikira njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito maluso a mtundu uliwonse wa ziwonetsero ndi zolinga zankhondo pazovuta zonse zomwe zingatheke, koma njirayo iyenera kuimitsa kupha, ziribe kanthu yemwe amachita, ndipo ziribe kanthu ngati munthu aliyense akuchita izo apulumuka .
Kodi mukuyang'ana njira yothandizira? Ndikupangira zitsanzo Kuyanjanitsa ndi Ntchito Yowonetsera Sukulu Zophunzitsa Anthu. Pitani mukachite chimodzimodzi.
