Ndi Medea Benjamin
Nthawi zina zimangotengera munthu m'modzi wokhala ndi malingaliro opanga kugwedeza dongosolo lonse lazamalamulo. Pankhani ya Costa Rica, munthu ameneyo ndi Luis Roberto Zamorra Bolaños, yemwe anali wophunzira chabe wa zamalamulo pamene adatsutsa kuti boma lake likuthandizira kuukira kwa George Bush ku Iraq. Anatengera mlanduwo mpaka ku Khoti Lalikulu la ku Costa Rica—ndipo anapambana.
Lero ndi loya, Zamorra ali ndi zaka 33 akuwonekabe ngati wophunzira wapa koleji. Ndipo akupitiriza kuganiza kunja kwa bokosi ndikupeza njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito makhothi kuti alimbikitse chilakolako chake chamtendere ndi ufulu waumunthu.
Paulendo wanga waposachedwa ku Costa Rica, ndidapeza mwayi wofunsana ndi loya wamatsengayu za zomwe adapambana m'mbuyomu, komanso lingaliro lake latsopano lofuna kubweza chipukuta misozi kwa anthu aku Iraq.
Tiyeni tiyambe kukumbukira nthawi yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yaku Costa Rica yolimbana ndi nkhondo.
Munali mu 1948, pamene Purezidenti wa Costa Rica, Jose Figueras, adalengeza kuti asilikali a dzikolo achotsedwa, zomwe zinavomerezedwa chaka chotsatira ndi Constituent Assembly. Figueras adatenganso nyundo ndikuphwanya limodzi mwa makoma a likulu lankhondo, kulengeza kuti isinthidwa kukhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso kuti bajeti yankhondo idzalunjika ku chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi maphunziro. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, dziko la Costa Rica lakhala lodziwika bwino chifukwa chosalowerera ndale komanso mwamtendere komanso popanda zida.
Mofulumira kwambiri ndipo muli pa sukulu ya zamalamulo, mu 2003, ndipo boma lanu linagwirizana ndi George Bush "Coalition of the Willing" - gulu la mayiko 49 omwe adapereka chivomerezo chawo kuti awononge Iraq. Pa The Daily Show, a Jon Stewart adaseka kuti dziko la Costa Rica lathandizira "ma toucans onunkhiza bomba." Kunena zowona, Costa Rica sanaperekepo kanthu; inangowonjezera dzina lake. Koma zinakwana kukukwiyitsani mpaka munaganiza zotengera boma lanu kukhoti?
Inde. Bush adauza dziko lapansi kuti iyi ikhala nkhondo yamtendere, demokalase ndi ufulu wa anthu. Koma sanathe kupeza udindo wa UN, kotero adayenera kupanga mgwirizano kuti ziwoneke ngati kuwukirako kunali ndi chithandizo chapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndicho chifukwa chake adakankhira mayiko ambiri kuti alowe nawo. Costa Rica - ndendende chifukwa idathetsa usilikali wake ndipo ili ndi mbiri yamtendere - inali dziko lofunikira kukhala nalo kumbali yake kuwonetsa ulamuliro wamakhalidwe. Costa Rica imamvedwa pamene ikulankhula ku UN. Choncho m’lingaliro limeneli, dziko la Costa Rica linali bwenzi lofunika kwambiri.
Purezidenti Pacheco atalengeza kuti Costa Rica adalowa nawo mgwirizanowu, anthu ambiri aku Costa Rica adatsutsa. Ndinakhumudwa kwambiri ndi kuloŵerera kwathu, koma ndinakhumudwanso kuti anzanga sanaganize kuti sitingathe kuchitapo kanthu. Nditati ndisumire pulezidenti, iwo ankaganiza kuti ndapenga.
Koma ndinapitirizabe, ndipo nditasuma mlandu, Bungwe Loona za Malamulo ku Costa Rica linasuma mlandu; Ombudsman adapereka suti-ndipo zonse zidaphatikizidwa ndi yanga.
Pamene chigamulocho chinatikomera mu September 2004, patatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka nditapereka chigamulocho, anthu anasangalala. Purezidenti Pacheco anali wokhumudwa chifukwa ndi munthu wabwino kwambiri yemwe amakonda chikhalidwe chathu ndipo mwina amaganiza kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani ndidachita izi?" Anaganizanso zosiya ntchitoyo, koma sanatero chifukwa anthu ambiri anamupempha kuti asatero.
Kodi khoti linagamula zotani mokomera inu?
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa chigamulochi chinali chakuti chinazindikira kuti pangano la UN Charter ndilofunika kwambiri. Khotilo linagamula kuti popeza Costa Rica ndi membala wa bungwe la United Nations, tili ndi udindo wotsatira zomwe zikuchitika ndipo popeza bungwe la UN silinalole kuukira, Costa Rica inalibe ufulu woichirikiza. Sindikukumbukiranso mlandu wina womwe Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri lathetsa chigamulo chaboma chifukwa chophwanya lamulo la UN.
Chigamulochi chinalinso chofunika kwambiri chifukwa khotilo linanena kuti kuthandizira kuukiraku kukutsutsana ndi mfundo yaikulu ya "chidziwitso cha Costa Rica," chomwe ndi mtendere. Izi zimatipangitsa kukhala dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuzindikira ufulu wamtendere, zomwe zidafotokozedwa momveka bwino pamlandu wina womwe ndidapambana mu 2008.
Kodi mungatiuze za mlanduwu?
Mu 2008 ndinatsutsa lamulo la Purezidenti Oscar Arias lomwe linavomereza kuchotsa thorium ndi uranium, chitukuko cha mafuta a nyukiliya ndi kupanga zida za nyukiliya "zolinga zonse." Zikatero ndinanenanso kuti ndikuphwanya ufulu wamtendere. Khotilo linathetsa chigamulo cha pulezidenti, pozindikira momveka bwino kuti pali ufulu wamtendere. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Boma siliyenera kulimbikitsa mtendere kokha, koma liyenera kupewa kuvomereza zochitika zokhudzana ndi nkhondo, monga kupanga, kutumiza kunja kapena kuitanitsa zinthu zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo.
Chifukwa chake izi zikutanthauza kuti makampani ngati Raytheon, omwe adagula malo pano ndipo akufuna kukhazikitsa malo ogulitsira, sakugwira ntchito.
Ndi milandu iti ina yomwe mudasumira?
O, ambiri a iwo. Ndinasuma mlandu Purezidenti Oscar Arias (wopambana mphoto ya Nobel Peace) chifukwa cholola apolisi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo polimbana ndi ziwonetsero. Mlanduwu unafikanso ku Khoti Lalikulu ndipo wapambana.
Ndinasumira boma chifukwa chosayina Pangano la Ufulu Wamalonda la Central America, CAFTA, lomwe limaphatikizapo zida zoletsedwa ku Costa Rica. Ndinasumira boma kawiri chifukwa cholola asilikali a ku United States kuti azichita masewera ankhondo m’dziko lathu ngati kuti ndi masewera a chess. Boma lathu limapereka zilolezo za miyezi 6 kuti zombo zankhondo 46 zifike pamadoko athu, okhala ndi asitikali opitilira 12,000 komanso okhala ndi ma helikoputala 180 a Blackhawk, oyendetsa ndege 10 a Harrier II, mfuti zamakina ndi maroketi. Chilichonse chomwe chili pamndandanda wovomerezeka wa zombo, ndege, ma helikopita ndi asitikali adapangidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo-kuphwanya koonekeratu Ufulu Wathu Wamtendere. Koma khoti silinamvepo za nkhaniyi.
Vuto lalikulu kwa ine nlakuti tsopano Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri silikutengeranso milandu yanga. Ndasumira milandu 10 ku Khothi Lalikulu lomwe idakanidwa; Ndasumira mlandu wotsutsana ndi maphunziro apolisi aku Costa Rica pasukulu yodziwika bwino yankhondo yaku US yaku America. Mlanduwu wakhala ukupitilira zaka ziwiri. Khoti likaona kuti n’zovuta kukana mlandu wanga umodzi, amachedwa n’kuchedwa. Choncho ndiyenera kukasuma mlandu kukhoti chifukwa chochedwetsa, ndiyeno iwo akukana milandu yonse iwiriyi.
Ndikuzindikira kuti sindingagwiritsenso ntchito dzina langa kuti ndifayenso, kapenanso kalembedwe kanga chifukwa amadziwa zomwe ndimalemba.
Pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse ku Brussels mu Epulo wokondwerera 11th chikumbutso chakuukira kwa US ku Iraq, mudabwera ndi lingaliro lina lanzeru. Kodi mungatiuze za izo?
Ndinali mtawuni pamsonkhano wina wa maloya apadziko lonse, koma okonza bungwe la Iraq Commission adazindikira ndipo adandipempha kuti ndilankhule. Pambuyo pake panali msonkhano wokambirana ndipo anthu anali akulira kuti dziko la US silitsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuti silili mbali ya Khothi Loona za Upandu Padziko Lonse, kuti silingamve milandu yokhudzana ndi kubwezeredwa kwa anthu aku Iraq.
Ndinati, "Ngati ndingathe, Coalition of the Willing yomwe inagonjetsa Iraq sichinali United States yokha. Panali mayiko 48. Ngati dziko la US silipereka chipukuta misozi kwa aku Iraq, bwanji osasumanso mamembala ena amgwirizanowu?"
Ngati munapambana mlandu m'malo mwa munthu waku Iraq yemwe wazunzidwa m'makhothi aku Costa Rica, kodi mukuganiza kuti mungapambane bwanji? Ndiyeno kodi sipakanakhala mlandu wina ndi mlandu wina?
Ine ndikhoza kulingalira kupambana mwina madola zikwi mazana angapo. Mwina tikadapambana mlandu umodzi ku Costa Rica, titha kuyambitsa milandu kumayiko ena. Sindikufuna kuwononga Costa Rica ndi mlandu uliwonse. Koma tiyenera kuyang'ana momwe tingafunire chilungamo kwa ma Iraqi, komanso momwe tingaletsere mgwirizano woterewu kuti usapangidwenso. Ndikoyenera kuyesa.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti pali china chake chomwe tingakhale tikuchita kukhothi kuti titsutse kuphedwa kwa ma drone?
Ndithudi. Ndikuganiza kuti anthu omwe akukanikiza batani lakupha akuyenera kukhala ndi mlandu wochita zigawenga chifukwa drone ndikuwonjezera matupi awo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita zomwe sangathe kuchita payekha.
Palinso mfundo yoti ngati munthu wosalakwa aphedwa kapena kuvulazidwa ndi drone yaku US ku Afghanistan, banjali liyenera kulandira chipukuta misozi kuchokera kwa asitikali aku US. Koma banja lomwelo ku Pakistan silingalipidwe chifukwa kuphaku kumachitika ndi CIA. Kodi mukuwona zotsutsa zamalamulo pamenepo?
Ozunzidwa ndi mchitidwe wosaloledwa womwewo ayenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi; Ndingaganize kuti pangakhale njira yoti boma liziimba mlandu, koma sindikudziwa mokwanira za malamulo a US.
Kodi munayamba mwakumanapo ndi mavuto chifukwa chochita zinthu zovuta ngati zimenezi?
Ndili ndi anzanga kukampani yamafoni omwe amandiuza kuti ndikujambulidwa. Koma sindisamala kwenikweni. Kodi angachite chiyani ndikalankhula pa foni kuti ndilembe suti?
Inde, muyenera kutenga zoopsa, koma simungawope zotsatira zake. Choyipa kwambiri chomwe chingachitike ndikuti mumawomberedwa. (Iye akuseka.)
Chifukwa chiyani maloya ambiri padziko lonse lapansi samatsutsa maboma awo m'njira zopanga zomwe mumachita?
Kusowa m'maganizo mwina? Sindikudziwa.
Ndimadabwa kuti maloya ambiri abwino nthawi zambiri samawona zodziwikiratu. Ndimalimbikitsa ophunzira kukhala opanga, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Ndizodabwitsa chifukwa palibe chomwe ndachita chomwe chakhala chodabwitsa. Awa si malingaliro abwino kwenikweni. Iwo angosiyana pang’ono, ndipo m’malo mongolankhula za iwo, ndimawapititsa patsogolo.
Ndimalimbikitsanso ophunzira kuti aphunzire ntchito yachiwiri kuti ayambe kuganiza mosiyana. Ndinaphunzira uinjiniya wamakompyuta ngati wamkulu wachiwiri; zinandiphunzitsa kukhala wolongosoka komanso wolongosoka m’maganizo anga.
Ndikadaganiza kuti mukadakhala ndi wamkulu wachiwiri, zikadakhala ngati sayansi yandale kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Ayi. Monga wopanga mapulogalamu apakompyuta muyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri - kukhala okhazikika, okhazikika komanso ozama. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pazamalamulo. Kusukulu ya zamalamulo, ana asukulu sakonda kukangana nane. Amayesa kuchotsa zokambiranazo, kuti zilowe m'mbali, ndipo nthawi zonse ndimazibweretsanso kumutu waukulu. Izi zimachokera ku maphunziro anga monga mainjiniya apakompyuta.
Ndikuganiza kuti chotsatira china cha ntchito yanu yamtendere ndikuti simupanga ndalama zambiri.
Tandiyang’anani [akuseka]. Ndili ndi zaka 33 ndipo ndimakhala ndi makolo anga. Umu ndi momwe ndimakhalira wolemera pambuyo pa zaka 9 ndikuzichita. Ndimakhala moyo wosalira zambiri. Zomwe ndili nazo ndi galimoto ndi agalu atatu.
Ndimakonda kugwira ntchito ndekha-popanda makampani, opanda zibwenzi, opanda zingwe. Ndine loya woweruza ndipo ndimapanga ndalama ndi kasitomala aliyense, kuphatikiza mabungwe ogwira ntchito. Ndimapanga pafupifupi $30,000 pachaka. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito kuti ndikhale ndi moyo, kuyesa milandu ya pro bono ku Inter-American Commission ndikulipirira maulendo apadziko lonse lapansi, monga kupita kumabwalo amtendere, mabwalo apadziko lonse lapansi, misonkhano yolimbana ndi zida kapena ulendo womwe ndidapita ku Gaza. Nthawi zina ndimalandira thandizo kuchokera ku International Association of Democratic Lawyers.
Ndimakonda ntchito yanga chifukwa ndimachita zomwe ndikufuna kuchita; Ndimatenga milandu yomwe ndimakonda kwambiri. Ndikumenyera dziko langa komanso ufulu wanga. Sindimaona kuti ntchito imeneyi ndi nsembe koma ngati ntchito. Ngati tikufuna kuti mtendere ukhale ufulu wofunikira, ndiye kuti tiyenera kuukhazikitsa ndi kuuteteza.
Medea Benjamin ndi woyambitsa gulu lamtendere www.codepink.org ndi gulu la ufulu wa anthu www.globalexchange.org. Anali ku Costa Rica ndi Colonel Ann Wright wopuma pantchito ataitanidwa ndi Friends Peace Center kuti alankhule za buku lake. Nkhondo ya Drone: Kupha ndi Kutalikira Kwambiri.
