ZINTHU ZA CIVIL SOCIETY MOVEMENTS ZIKUFUNA KUCHITA NTCHITO NTHAWI YOMWEYO KUTI AYITHE NKHONDO YA SYRIA.

International Peace Bureau

October 19, 2016. Kupha anthu ambiri ndi zigawenga zankhondo zomwe tikuziwona lero ku Syria zikuyenera kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nzika: amafuna kudzipereka kwapadziko lonse kuti akwaniritse kuthetsa kumenyana ndi kutsegula njira kuti apeze yankho la ndale. Nkhaniyo sinali yofulumira kwambiri.

Pambuyo pa zokambirana ku Berlin congress (koyambirira kwa Okutobala), IPB ikupereka malingaliro a 6 otsatirawa a dongosolo lamtendere. Si njira yokwanira, koma imapereka chidziwitso cha zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi m'milungu ndi miyezi ikubwerayi, makamaka kwa ife kumayiko akumadzulo.

1. Musavulaze. Pali malire pazomwe boma lililonse - kuphatikiza US, lamphamvu kwambiri - limatha kuchita. Koma pamene zochita za iwo pansi zikuipiraipira, kuyankha kwa zochitazo kuyenera kuzikidwa pa Hippocratic Oath: choyamba, musawononge. Izi zikutanthauza kuyimitsa ndege kumbali zonse, kuletsa chiwonongeko cha anthu ndi mizinda. Kuukira zipatala ndi masukulu ndi mlandu wankhondo. Pakali pano ku Aleppo olakwa akuluakulu akuwoneka kuti ndi boma la Assad ndi Russia. Komabe US ndi ena mwa ogwirizana nawo alinso ndi mbiri yayitali yakuukira anthu wamba - m'malo ena a Syria komanso mayiko kuyambira Afghanistan kupita ku Libya kupita ku Yemen. Bomba lililonse ndi lochuluka kwambiri - makamaka popeza amakonda kulimbikitsa mabungwe ochita zinthu monyanyira. Komanso, si nkhani ya kuukira mlengalenga. Nkhondo yapansi panthaka, maphunziro, zoperekedwa ndi magulu ankhondo akunja ziyeneranso kutha.

2. Pangani "palibe nsapato pansi" zenizeni. Tikufuna kuti asitikali onse achotsedwe, kuphatikiza magulu apadera, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa ndege zakunja ndi ma drones ku Syria. Komabe sitigwirizana ndi kuyitanidwa kwa malo osawuluka, omwe angafune kulondera ndege ndi mamembala a Security Council, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pangakhale mikangano yachindunji pakati pa US ndi Russia. Izi ndizowopsa makamaka panthawi yomwe mikangano pakati pawo ikuchulukirachulukira, komanso imatha kukulitsa ndewu pansi. Kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US kumapereka ndendende zomwe ISIS ndi mabungwe ena ochita monyanyira akufuna: asitikali akunja kudera lawo, kupatsa anthu omwe atha kulembedwanso umboni wokhudzana ndi kulowererapo kwa azungu m'maiko achisilamu, komanso kupereka zikwizikwi za zolinga zatsopano. Izi ndizofanana ndi cholinga cha al-Qaeda zaka 15 zapitazo, chomwe chinali chokopa US kuti itumize asitikali kudera lawo kuti akamenyane nawo kumeneko. Tanena izi, cholinga chathu sikusiya malo otseguka kwa magulu ankhondo a Boma. Cholinga chochotsa magulu ankhondo akunja ndikuchepetsa mikangano ndikutsegula mwachangu zokambirana pazandale. Ngakhale izi zili ndi chiopsezo kwa anthu wamba, momwemonso ndondomeko zamakono zomwe zimalola kuti kupha anthu ambiri kupitirire.

3. Lekani kutumiza zida. IPB ikukhulupirira kuti njira ziyenera kutsatiridwa poletsa kuletsa zida zonse mbali zonse. Magulu ankhondo aku US omwe amaperekedwa ndi US nthawi zambiri amagonjetsedwa ndi (kapena omenyera nkhondo 2) ISIS, chilolezo cha al-Qaeda cha ku Syria, kapena magulu ena ankhondo omwe sali odekha. Kaya zida izi zimatumizidwa ndi anthu ochita monyanyira kapena ndi maboma kapena magulu ankhondo mothandizidwa ndi US, zotsatira zake ndikuchulukirachulukira kwachiwawa kwa anthu wamba. Maboma a azungu ayenera kuthetsa mchitidwe wawo wonyalanyaza kuphwanyidwa kwa ufulu wa anthu ndi malamulo apadziko lonse omwe amachitidwa ndi zida zawo ndi mabungwe awo. Pokhapokha iwo adzakhala ndi chikhulupiriro cholimbikitsa Iran ndi Russia kuti athetse zida zawo zaulamuliro wa Syria. A US atha, ngati angasankhe, kuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo kutumiza zida za Saudi, UAE, Qatari ndi zida zina zopita ku Syria pokakamiza ziletso za ogwiritsa ntchito, pakumva zowawa zakutaya mwayi wonse wankhondo waku US. Ngakhale zili zowona kuti voti ya Security Council yoletsa kugulitsa zida ikanavoteredwa ndi mbali imodzi, njira yofunikira yolimbikitsira yatsegulidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kwa Pangano la Arms Trade Treaty. Kuonjezera apo, ziletso zosamutsira zida za unilateral zitha ndipo ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yomweyo.

4. Pangani mgwirizano waukazembe, osati wankhondo. Yakwana nthawi yoti tisunthire zokambirana pakati pa siteji, osati ngati mbali yankhondo. Zokambirana zamphamvu zazikulu zomwe timaziwona mosalekeza pa TV zathu ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zokambirana zaku Syria. Pamapeto pake izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense wokhudzidwa ayenera kukhala patebulo: boma la Syria; anthu omwe ali mkati mwa Syria kuphatikizapo osagwirizana ndi chiwawa, amayi, achinyamata, othawa kwawo, komanso othawa kwawo omwe akuthawa ku Syria (Syrian, Iraqi, ndi Palestinian); a Kurdi a ku Suriya, Akristu, Druze, ndi magulu ena ang’onoang’ono komanso a Sunni, Shi’a, ndi Alawi; owukira okhala ndi zida; otsutsa akunja ndi osewera m'madera ndi padziko lonse lapansi - US, Russia, European Union, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon ndi kupitirira. Dongosolo lalitali mwina; koma m'kupita kwa nthawi kuphatikizidwa kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa kuchotseratu. Panthawiyi, Kerry ndi Lavrov angachite bwino kuika patebulo ndondomeko zachangu zotulutsira magulu awo ankhondo. Kusamvana pakati pa zimphona ziwiri zokhala ndi zida za nyukiliya kwakwera kale kwambiri. Kuthetsa Syria kutha - mwina - kukhala projekiti yomwe imawaphunzitsa phunziro lamtendere. Palibe yankho lankhondo. Russia, monga osewera ena, ili ndi zokonda zake za geostrategic. Izo moyenerera zimasonyeza kuwirikiza kawiri kwa ndale za Kumadzulo ndi othandizira awo ofalitsa nkhani zomwe zikuwonekera tikayang'ana zochita zawo (zachindunji kapena zosalunjika) poyambitsa nkhondo kudera lonselo. Koma dziko la Russia nalonso lili ndi magazi a anthu wamba m’manja mwake ndipo silingaganizidwe ngati lolimbikitsa mtendere wopanda chidwi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake magulu ambiri a mayiko akuyenera kuphatikizidwa pamodzi. Kufufuza mayankho azamalamulo ku United Nations omwe akukhudzana ndi ISIS komanso nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Syria kumatanthauza, posakhalitsa, kuthandizira kwakukulu pakuyesa kukambirana zakutha kwankhondo, kulola thandizo lothandizira anthu kulowa, ndikuthamangitsa anthu wamba kumadera ozunguliridwa. Chomwe sichifunika ndi Mgwirizano wina wa Ofunitsitsa; m'malo mwake tiyenera kuti tiyambire mwachangu pa Coalition of the Rebuilding.

5. Kuonjezera mavuto azachuma pa ISIS - ndi magulu ena onse ankhondo. Islamic State ndi nkhani yapadera ndipo ikuyimira chiwopsezo chakupha. Iyeneradi kukunkhuniza; koma nkhondo yolimbana ndi nkhanza, monga momwe tikuwonera pano pakuwukira malire a Mosul, sizingatheke kupereka yankho logwira mtima lanthawi yayitali. Zimalephera kufika pamiyambi ya vutoli ndipo timagawana mantha a akuluakulu a UN kuti zikhoza kuyambitsa tsoka lalikulu lothandizira anthu. Kumadzulo m'malo mwake kuyenera kulimbikira kwambiri kuti akhwimitse ndalama zomwe zikuyenda ku ISIS, makamaka poletsa makampani amafuta, makamaka amalonda aku Turkey, kuti asagulitse 'mafuta amagazi'. Mabomba amagalimoto onyamula mafuta ali ndi vuto lalikulu la chilengedwe komanso anthu; zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti mafuta a ISIS agulidwe. 3 Kuphatikiza apo, Washington iyenera kuthana ndi thandizo la ogwirizana nawo magulu ankhondo, kuphatikiza al Qaeda ndi ISIS. Akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti gawo lalikulu la ndalama za ISIS ndi magulu ena ankhondo zimachokera ku Saudi Arabia; kaya zimachokera ku magwero ovomerezeka kapena osavomerezeka, Ufumuwo uli ndi ulamuliro wokwanira pa chiwerengero cha anthu kuti uthetse mchitidwewo.

6. Kuchulukitsa zopereka zothandiza anthu othawa kwawo ndikukulitsa malonjezo okhazikitsanso anthu. Maulamuliro aku Western akuyenera kuwonjezera kwambiri zopereka zawo zothandizira anthu ku mabungwe a United Nations kwa mamiliyoni othawa kwawo komanso anthu othawa kwawo mkati ndi kuthawa ku Syria ndi Iraq. Ndalama zimafunikira kwambiri mkati mwa Syria komanso m'maiko ozungulira. US ndi EU adalonjeza ndalama zazikulu, koma zambiri sizinaperekedwe ku mabungwe, ndipo zambiri ziyenera kulonjeza ndikuperekedwa. Koma vuto silili la ndalama zokha. IPB ikunena kuti tiyenera kutsegula zitseko za mayiko akumadzulo kwa othawa kwawo. Ndizosavomerezeka kuti Germany imatenga 800,000 pomwe mayiko ena - kuphatikiza omwe adalimbikitsa Nkhondo yaku Iraq poyambirira - amavomereza masauzande ochepa okha, ndipo ena, monga Hungary, amakana mwamphamvu lingaliro la mgwirizano wapakati pa Europe ndi kugawana. Zomwe tikufuna kuchita sizongofunika ndi mgwirizano wabwinobwino wa anthu. Ndi udindo wathu mwalamulo monga osayina ku Msonkhano wa Refugee. Ngakhale kuti tikuzindikira zovuta zandale za udindo woterewu chifukwa cha momwe anthu alili panopa, mayankho a mayiko olemera a Kumadzulo ndi osakwanira. Miyezo yeniyeni ingatengedwe: mwachitsanzo, njira zothandizira anthu ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa (ndi zoyendera zokonzedwa), kotero kuti anthu omwe akuthawa nkhondo asamaike moyo wawo pachiswe kachiwiri pa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Zima zikubwera mwachangu ndipo tidzawonanso imfa zambiri zomvetsa chisoni pokhapokha ngati ndondomeko yatsopano ikakhazikitsidwa mofulumira.

ZOYENERA: Syria ndi yovuta. Aliyense akudziwa kuti yankho la ndale ndi lovuta kwambiri ndipo litenga nthawi yayitali kuti lithetse. Komabe ndi pamene zinthu zili zovuta kwambiri pamene zokambirana ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Mfundo yakuti ena mwa oyankhulanawo achita zinthu zosavomerezeka si chifukwa chosiyira zokambirana.

Tikuyitanitsa kuti kuthetse nkhondo m'deralo ndi madera, kupuma kothandiza anthu ndi njira zina zomwe zimalola kuti ntchito zopulumutsa anthu zifikire anthu wamba. Panthawiyi tikulimbikitsa kusintha kwachangu mu ndondomeko zazikulu, monga kuika zida zankhondo kumbali zonse, ndikuchotsa asilikali akunja kudera lankhondo. Tikuyitanitsanso kuti tiwunikirenso zilango zonse zotsutsana ndi Syria, zina zomwe zimakonda kulanga anthu wamba.

Pomaliza, tikulimbikitsa anzathu m'mabungwe a anthu m'mayiko onse kuti asunge ndi kulimbikitsa kulimbikitsana kwawo. Andale ndi akazembe ayenera kudziwa kuti malingaliro adziko lapansi akufuna kuchitapo kanthu ndipo sangalekerere kufalikira kwina kulikonse kwakupha koopsa kumeneku. Kupambana nkhondo (ndi mbali iliyonse) si njira tsopano. Chofunikira ndikuthetsa.