Mabungwe Oyimira Boma Monga Mphamvu Y Mtendere

Wolemba David Rintoul, World BEYOND War Wophunzira pa intaneti

Frederick Douglass adanenapo kuti, "Mphamvu sizipereka chilichonse popanda kufuna. Izo sizinachite ndipo sizidzatero. Dziwani zomwe anthu onse angagonjetsere mwakachetechete ndipo inu mwapeza muyeso weniweni wa chisalungamo ndi cholakwa chomwe chidzapatsidwe kwa iwo.”

Maboma sanaganizepo za kusintha komwe kungapindulitse nzika wamba ndiyeno mwachifundo kukuzipereka kwa anthu odekha. Mabungwe okhudza chilungamo cha anthu nthawi zonse akhala akulimbana ndi akuluakulu olamulira ndipo, monga momwe bungwe la First Amendment likunenera, "kupempha Boma kuti lithetse madandaulo awo."

Zoonadi, Douglass anali wochotsa ntchito ndipo kampeni yake yeniyeni inali yotsutsana ndi ukapolo Anadzipanga yekha ukapolo, komabe anali wolemba waluso komanso wolankhula ngakhale analibe maphunziro apamwamba. Iye anali umboni weniweni wakuti anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali ndi nzeru zofanana ndi wina aliyense.

Mosasamala kanthu za kamvekedwe kake ka mawu omwe ndidayamba nawo, Douglass anali ngwazi ya kulolerana ndi kuyanjanitsa. Pambuyo pa kumasulidwa, adatenga nawo mbali pazokambirana zomasuka ndi omwe kale anali akapolo kuti apeze njira zothandizira anthu kuti apite patsogolo mwamtendere.

Anzake ena a m’gulu lothetsa mavutowa anamutsutsa pa zimenezi, koma kutsutsa kwake kunali kuti, “Ndingagwirizane ndi aliyense kuchita zabwino popanda wolakwa.”

Douglass nayenso sanali pamwamba pa kutsutsa anzake a ndale. Mwachitsanzo, adakhumudwitsidwa ndi Abraham Lincoln chifukwa chosachirikiza ufulu wa anthu aku Africa America kuti avotere pa chisankho chapurezidenti cha 1864.

M’malo mwake, anavomereza poyera John C. Fremont wa Radical Democracy Party. Fremont analibe mwayi wopambana, koma anali wochotsa ndi mtima wonse. Kuvota kwapoyera kwa Douglass kunali kudzudzula poyera kwa Lincoln ndipo kudakhudza kwambiri chisankho cha Lincoln chokhazikitsa 14.^th ndipo 15^th zosintha patatha chaka.

Mu 1876, Douglass analankhula ku Washington DC popereka Chikumbutso cha Emancipation ku Lincoln Park. Iye anatcha Lincoln “pulezidenti wa azungu” ndipo anafotokoza nyonga zake ndi zofooka zake malinga ndi mmene munthu waukapolo amaonera.

Ngakhale zinali choncho, iye ananena kuti pa zolakwa zake zonse, “Ngakhale kuti Bambo Lincoln anali ndi tsankho la azungu anzawo polimbana ndi anthu a ku Negro, n’zosafunika kwenikweni kunena kuti mumtima mwawo ankanyansidwa ndi kudana ndi ukapolo. Kulankhula kwake ndi chitsanzo choyambirira cha lingaliro la choonadi ndi chiyanjanitso.

Chitsanzo china cha mabungwe omwe amatsogolera mlandu wotsutsa ukapolo anali Harriet Tubman ndi Underground Railroad omwe anali membala wotsogolera. Monga Douglass anali akapolo ndipo anatha kuthawa. M’malo moganizira kwambiri za ufulu wake, iye anayamba kukonza zoti athandize achibale ake kuti athawe amene anawagwira.

Anapitiliza kuthandiza anthu ena akapolo kuti athawire ku ufulu kudzera muchinsinsi cha othandizira a Underground Railroad. Dzina lake lachilamulo linali “Mose” chifukwa anatulutsa anthu mu ukapolo wowawa n’kuwalowetsa m’dziko lolonjezedwa la ufulu. Harriet Tubman sanataye wokwera.

Kuphatikiza pa kutsogolera Underground Railroad, atamasulidwa adayamba kugwira ntchito mu Suffragettes. Anakhalabe wochirikiza ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu aku Africa America komanso azimayi mpaka atamwalira mu 1913 kunyumba yosungirako okalamba yomwe adayambitsa.

Zoonadi, si onse ochotseratu omwe anali African American. Harriet Beecher Stowe, mwachitsanzo, anali mmodzi wa Achimereka achizungu ambiri amene anachita mbali ya bwenzi la anthu aukapolo a m’badwo wake. Novel ndi kusewera kwake, Uncle Tom's Cabin adapambana anthu ambiri a "mtundu" wake ndi gulu kuti athandizire kuthetsedwa kwa ukapolo.

Nkhani yake inanena kuti ukapolo umakhudza anthu onse, osati okhawo otchedwa ambuye, amalonda ndi anthu omwe anawapanga akapolo. Bukhu lake linaphwanya mbiri yosindikiza ndipo nayenso anakhala bwenzi la Abraham Lincoln.

Choncho tikuwona kuti kuthetsedwa kwa ukapolo kunadza chifukwa cha zochita za anthu wamba omwe sanakhalepo ndi maudindo osankhidwa. Ndikhozanso kutchula kuti Dr. King sanakhalepo ndi udindo uliwonse m'boma. Gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, kuyambira kuthetsedwa kwa ukapolo mpaka kugawikana m'zaka za m'ma 1960s makamaka chifukwa cha miyambo yayitali yakusamvera anthu mwamtendere.

Owerenga awona kuti ndasiya chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Sindinatchulepo Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni. Ambiri anganene kuti zochita zankhondo za Boma la Union kuti zigwetse Confederacy ndizo zomwe zidathetsa ukapolo kamodzi.

M'buku lake, Nkhondo Si Yachilungamo, David Swanson amamanga mkangano wokhutiritsa kuti Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe inali yododometsa kuchokera ku gulu lochotsa anthu. Ukapolo unakhala maziko a ziwawa, monganso zida zowonongera anthu ambiri zinali zifukwa zabodza zoukira Iraq mu 2003.

Monga Swanson akunenera, "Mtengo womasula akapolo - mwa "kuwagula" ndikuwapatsa ufulu - ukanakhala wotsika kwambiri kuposa umene kumpoto unathera pa nkhondo. Ndipo sindiko kuwerengera zomwe Kum'mwera adagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuwerengera ndalama zomwe anthu amamwalira, kuvulala, kudulidwa ziwalo, kuvulala, chiwonongeko, ndi zaka zambiri zowawidwa mtima kosatha.

Pamapeto pake, mbiri imasonyeza kuti zinali zochita za anthu omenyera ufulu wa nzika monga Douglass, Tubman, Beecher Stowe ndi Dr. King zomwe zinabwezeretsa ufulu waumunthu wa anthu omwe anali akapolo ndi mbadwa zawo ku America. Kulimbikira kwawo komanso kudzipereka kwawo kuti alankhule chowonadi kumphamvu kunakakamiza a Lincoln wosagwirizana komanso Purezidenti Kennedy ndi Johnson kuti atuluke pampanda ndikuchita zoyenera.

Kuchitira nkhanza anthu ndi chinsinsi chokhazikitsa chilungamo cha anthu.

David Rintoul wakhalapo nawo World BEYOND War maphunziro apa intaneti othetsa nkhondo.