China Lobby Pre-WWII, Israeli Lobby Pre-WWIII

Ndi David Swanson

Mbiri yankhondo zakupha komanso zopusa zomwe United States ingakumbukire pa Tsiku la Chikumbutso kuyambira pa Tsiku 1 komanso m'mbuyomu, imayamba ndi kupha anthu okhala m'dzikolo, kuwukira kwa Canada, ndi zina zambiri, kuyambira tsiku limenelo mpaka izi zothawa zakupha zambiri zomwe sitingazitchule.

Koma njira imodzi imene boma la US limadzilowetsa m’misonkhano ikuluikulu yopha anthu ambiri ndiyo kumva zomwe likufuna kumva. Zimafika mpaka kulola akuluakulu aboma la US, nthawi zina mwachidule kunja kwa "ntchito" ya anthu, kugwira ntchito yolipira ndikuthandizira mayiko akunja akukankhira mabodza ankhondo pagulu la US.

Buku latsopano la James Bradley limatchedwa China Mirage: Mbiri Yobisika ya Tsoka la ku America ku China. Ndi bwino kuwerenga. Kwa zaka zambiri kusanachitike Nkhondo Yadziko II, China Lobby ku United States inanyengerera anthu a ku United States, ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu ambiri a ku United States, kuti anthu a ku China onse amafuna kukhala Akhristu, kuti Chaing Kai-shek anali mtsogoleri wawo wokondedwa wa demokalase osati mtsogoleri wawo. anali wonyada kwambiri, kuti Mao Zedong anali wopanda pake palibe amene adapita kulikonse, kuti United States ikanatha kupereka ndalama kwa Chaing Kai-shek ndipo adzagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazo kulimbana ndi achijapani, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito kulimbana ndi Mao, komanso kuti United States. Zitha kuyika chiletso chopundula ku Japan popanda kuyankha kulikonse kwa asitikali aku Japan.

Kwa zaka zambiri kuyandikira kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachitatu Yapadziko Lonse, bungwe la Israel Lobby ku United States lakakamiza dziko la United States kuti Israeli ndi demokalase osati dziko la tsankho lomwe lili ndi ufulu wozikidwa pa chipembedzo. Dziko la United States, lomwe langosokoneza mapulani a bungwe la United Nations lofuna kuthetsa zida zankhondo ku Middle East popanda zida zankhondo, ndipo lachita izi molamulidwa ndi Israeli wa zida za nyukiliya, likutsatira chitsogozo chowopsa cha Israeli ku Iraq, Syria, Iran. ndi madera ena onse, kuthamangitsa zonyansa za Israeli womvera malamulo wa demokalase yomwe siili yeniyeni kuposa ya Christian-Americanized China yomwe pamapeto pake idapangitsa US kuzindikiritsa chilumba chaching'ono cha Taiwan ngati "China chenicheni."

Mirage yomwe inathandizira ku "Pearl Harbor" yatsopano ya 911, mwa kuyankhula kwina, sikusiyana kotheratu ndi nyanja yomwe inathandizira Pearl Harbor mwiniwake. Lingaliro la US la China ngati chowonjezera cha United States, ngakhale sichikudziwa chilichonse chokhudza China komanso kuletsa aliyense waku China kulowa m'dzikolo, adawononga kwambiri dziko lapansi kuposa momwe amaganizira Israeli pomwe dziko la 51 lakwaniritsa. Perekani nthawi.

Bukhu latsopano la Bradley, m'magawo oyambilira, limafotokoza mwachangu zina mwazomwezo monga zodabwitsa zake The Imperial Cruise, Ndikofunikirabe kuwerenga - kuphatikiza gulu lankhondo la US ku Japan komanso kulimbikitsa kwa Theodore Roosevelt za imperialism yaku Japan. Buku latsopanoli likuphimba, bwino kuposa momwe ndidawonera kwina kulikonse, mbiri ya anthu ndi mabungwe angati olemera kwambiri ku East Coast United States m'zaka za zana la 19 adapeza ndalama zawo - kuphatikiza ndalama za agogo a Franklin Delano Roosevelt - pogulitsa opium mosaloledwa. ku China. Malonda a opium adayambitsa nkhondo za opium komanso kuukira kwa Britain ndi US ndikulanda zidutswa za China, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoyambirira ya zomwe US ​​​​ikutcha m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi "Mapangano a Status of Forces."

Dziko la US linasefukira ku China ndi ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ochita malonda azinthu zina, ndi amishonale achikhristu, omwe anali opambana kwambiri kuposa ena, akutembenuza anthu ochepa kwambiri. Mmishonale wina wamkulu anavomereza kuti m’zaka 10 anatembenuza anthu 10 a ku China kukhala Akristu. Poyang’anitsitsa malonda a ku China ndi kum’mwera chakum’maŵa kwa Asia, United States inamanga ngalande ya Panama ndipo inalanda Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, Cuba, ndi Puerto Rico. Ndi diso lakuletsa Russia kutali ndi malonda a Pacific opindulitsa, Purezidenti Theodore Roosevelt anathandizira kufalikira kwa Japan ku Korea ndi China, ndikukambirana za "mtendere" pakati pa Japan ndi Russia pamene akukambirana mwachinsinsi ndi Japan njira iliyonse. (Kufanana kwina kwa "ndondomeko yamtendere" yaku Palestine momwe US ​​ili kumbali ya Israeli komanso "osalowerera ndale.") TR idapatsidwa Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel chifukwa cha zomwe adachita, zomwe mwina palibe munthu m'modzi waku Korea kapena waku China yemwe adafunsidwa. Pamene Woodrow Wilson anakana kukumana ndi Hoh Chi Minh omwe sanali oyera ku Paris, adatenganso mbali popereka ku Japan madera omwe kale ankanenedwa ndi Germany ku China, kukwiyitsa achi China, kuphatikizapo Mao. Mbewu za nkhondo zamtsogolo ndi zazing'ono koma zowoneka bwino.

Boma la US lisintha posachedwa kuchoka ku Japan kupita ku China. Chifaniziro cha wamba wolemekezeka ndi wachikristu wachi China chinayendetsedwa ndi anthu monga Utatu (kenako Duke) ndi Vanderbilt anaphunzitsa Charlie Soong, ana ake aakazi Ailing, Chingling, ndi Mayling, ndi mwana Tse-ven (TV), komanso mwamuna wa Mayling Chaing. Kai-shek, Henry Luce yemwe adayamba Time atabadwa m’dera la amishonale ku China, ndi Pearl Buck amene analemba Dziko Lapansi Labwino pambuyo pa ubwana wamtundu womwewo. TV Soong adalemba ganyu msilikali wopuma pantchito wa US Army Air Corps John Jouett ndipo pofika 1932 anali ndi mwayi wodziwa luso lonse la US Army Air Corps ndipo anali ndi aphunzitsi asanu ndi anayi, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya ndege, makanika anayi, ndi mlembi, onse a US Air Corps ophunzitsidwa koma tsopano akugwira ntchito. kwa Soong ku China. Chinali chiyambi chabe cha thandizo lankhondo laku US kupita ku China zomwe zidapangitsa nkhani zochepa ku United States kuposa momwe zidachitikira ku Japan.

Mu 1938, dziko la Japan likuukira mizinda ya ku China, ndipo Chaing atatsala pang'ono kumenyana, Chaing adalangiza Hollington Tong, yemwe kale anali wophunzira wa utolankhani pa yunivesite ya Columbia, kuti atumize nthumwi ku United States kukalembera amishonale a ku United States ndi kuwapatsa umboni wa nkhanza za ku Japan. kulemba ganyu a Frank Price (mmishonare yemwe Mayling amamukonda), ndikulemba atolankhani ndi olemba aku US kuti alembe zolemba ndi mabuku abwino. A Frank Price ndi mchimwene wake Harry Price adabadwira ku China, osakumana ndi aku China aku China. Abale a Price anakhazikitsa malo ogulitsira mu mzinda wa New York, kumene ndi ochepa chabe amene ankadziwa kuti akugwira ntchito m’gulu la zigawenga la Soong-Chaing. Mayling ndi Tong anawapatsa ntchito yonyengerera anthu a ku America kuti chinsinsi cha mtendere ku China chinali kuletsa Japan. Iwo adapanga Komiti ya ku America Yopanda Kutenga nawo mbali mu Aggression ya Japan. Bradley analemba kuti: “Anthu sankadziwa kuti amishonale a ku Manhattan amene ankagwira ntchito mwakhama mumsewu wa East Fortieth Street pofuna kupulumutsa anthu a m’dera la Noble Peasants, ankalipidwa kuti anthu amene ankagwira ntchito ku China Lobby achite zinthu zomwe mwina zinali zophwanya malamulo komanso zachiwembu.”

Ndimaona kuti mfundo ya Bradley sikutanthauza kuti alimi aku China sali olemekezeka, osati kuti Japan inalibe mlandu wochita zachiwawa, koma kuti ntchito yofalitsa nkhaniyo inachititsa kuti anthu ambiri a ku America akhulupirire kuti dziko la Japan silingaukire United States ngati United States idzachotsa mafuta ndi kuchotsa mafuta. zitsulo ku Japan - zomwe zinali zabodza kwa owonera ozindikira ndipo zikanatsimikiziridwa kukhala zabodza m'kupita kwanthawi.

Mlembi wakale wa boma ndi Mlembi wa Nkhondo wamtsogolo Henry Stimson anakhala wapampando wa komiti, amene mwamsanga anawonjezera atsogoleri akale a Harvard, Union Theological Seminary, Church Peace Union, the World Alliance for International Friendship, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America. , Associate Boards of Christian Colleges ku China, etc. Stimson ndi gulu lachigawenga linalipidwa ndi China kuti anene kuti dziko la Japan silidzaukira United States ngati ataletsedwa - zomwe zinakanidwa ndi omwe akudziwa mu State Department ndi White House, koma zonena. inapangidwa panthaŵi imene United States inalibe kulankhulana kwenikweni ndi Japan.

Chikhumbo cha anthu kuti asiye kumenya nkhondo ku Japan ku China chikuwoneka ngati chosangalatsa kwa ine ndipo chikugwirizananso ndi chikhumbo changa chakuti US asiye kumenyana ndi Saudi Arabia ku Yemen, kuti atenge chitsanzo chimodzi mwa khumi ndi awiri. Koma kuyankhulana kukadatsogolera chiletso. Kuyika pambali zosefera za tsankho komanso zachipembedzo kuti muwone zenizeni ku China zikadathandiza. Kupewa mayendedwe owopsa a Gulu Lankhondo Lankhondo la US, kusuntha zombo kupita ku Hawaii ndikumanga mabwalo a ndege pazilumba za Pacific kukanathandiza. Zosankha zotsutsana ndi nkhondo zinali zokulirapo kuposa kutsutsa zachuma ku Japan komanso kutukwana kosagwirizana ndi ulemu waku Japan.

Koma pofika February 1940, Bradley akulemba kuti, 75% ya aku America adathandizira kuletsa Japan. Ndipo ambiri a ku America, ndithudi, sankafuna nkhondo. Iwo adagula zokopa za China Lobby.

FDR ndi Mlembi wake wa Treasury Henry Morgenthau adakhazikitsa makampani akutsogolo ndi ngongole ku Chaing, akupita kumbuyo kwa Secretary of State Cordell Hull. FDR, zikuwoneka, sikunali kungosamalira ku China Lobby koma idakhulupiriradi nkhani yake - mpaka pomwe. Amayi ake omwe, omwe amakhala ku US pang'ono ku China ali mwana ndi abambo ake omwe amakankha opium, anali wapampando wolemekezeka wa China Aid Council ndi American Committee for Chinese War Orphans. Mkazi wa FDR anali wapampando wolemekezeka wa Komiti Yothandizira Zadzidzidzi ku China ya Pearl Buck. Mabungwe ogwirira ntchito zikwi ziwiri aku US adathandizira kuletsa ku Japan. Mlangizi woyamba wa zachuma kwa pulezidenti wa US, Lauchlin Currie, adagwira ntchito ku FDR ndi Bank of China nthawi imodzi. Wolemba nkhani komanso wachibale wa Roosevelt a Joe Alsop adachotsa macheke kuchokera ku TV Soong ngati "mlangizi" ngakhale akugwira ntchito yake ngati "mtolankhani wofuna." Bradley analemba kuti: “Palibe kazembe wa ku Britain, Russia, France, kapena Japan, amene akanakhulupirira kuti Chaing ingakhale Mgwirizano Watsopano waufulu.” Koma FDR ikuwoneka kuti idakhulupirira. Analankhulana ndi Chaing ndi Mayling mobisa, akuyenda mozungulira dipatimenti yake ya Boma.

Komabe FDR imakhulupirira kuti ngati italetsedwa, Japan idzaukira Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) ndi zotsatira za nkhondo yapadziko lonse. Morgenthau, m'mawu a Bradley, adayesa mobwerezabwereza kudutsa chiletso chonse chamafuta kupita ku Japan, pomwe FDR idakana. FDR idasuntha zombozo kupita ku Pearl Harbor, ndikuyika chiletso pang'ono pamafuta oyendetsa ndege ndi zinyalala, ndi ndalama za ngongole ku Chaing. Bungwe la Soong-Chaing linagwiranso ntchito ndi FDR White House kupanga gulu lankhondo la ndege lothandizidwa ndi US, lophunzitsidwa ndi US, ndi US kuti ligwiritse ntchito ku China poukira mizinda ya Japan. FDR itafunsa mlangizi wake Tommy Corcoran kuti ayang'ane mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo latsopanoli, wamkulu wakale wa US Air Corps Claire Chennault, mwina samadziwa kuti amafunsa munthu wina pamalipiro a TV Soong kuti amulangize pa munthu wina. malipiro a TV Soong.

Bradley akuti FDR idasunga njira yake yankhondo yaku Asia yachinsinsi kwa anthu aku US. Komabe, pa May 24, 1941, a New York Times Adanenanso za maphunziro aku US a gulu lankhondo laku China, komanso kupereka "ndege zambiri zomenyera ndi mabomba" ku China ndi United States. “Kuphulitsidwa kwa Mabomba kwa Mizinda ya Japan Kumayembekezeredwa,” unaŵerenga mutu waung’onowo. Izi zitha kukhala "zobisika" mwanjira yomwe mndandanda wakupha wa Obama ndi wobisika ngakhale akuwonekera mu New York Times. Sizikukambidwa mosalekeza chifukwa sizikugwirizana bwino ndi nkhani zazing'ono zosangalatsa. "Zolemba zoyambirira za mbiri yakale" nthawi zonse zimalowetsedwa m'mabuku a mbiri yakale omwe apulumuka mpaka zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi.

Koma Bradley akulondola kuti ichi sichinali chinsinsi chochokera ku Japan. Ndipo akuphatikizanso zomwe sindikukumbukira ndikudziwa kale, kuti Chennault adavomereza kuti pamene sitima yonyamula oyendetsa ake idachoka ku San Francisco kupita ku Asia mu July 1941, anyamata ake anamva wailesi ya ku Japan ikudzitama kuti, “Sitimayo sidzafika ku China. Idzamizidwa. ” Komanso mu Julayi, FDR idavomereza pulogalamu ya Lend-Lease ku China: omenyera ena 269 ndi oponya mabomba 66, ndikuyimitsa katundu waku Japan. Zonsezi zinali mbali ya nthawi yayitali komanso yowonjezereka yomwe Bradley akanatha kupanga mokwanira. Koma akupereka zambiri zosangalatsa komanso kutanthauzira mwachidwi kwa iwo, pomaliza kuti Mlembi Wothandizira wa boma Dean Acheson adagonjetsa United States ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse poyendetsa kukana mafuta aliwonse a US ku Japan kwa mwezi umodzi, kuyambira pamene FDR inali kuchita chiwembu ndi Winston. Churchill m'bwato ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa Atlantic Charter.

Munkhani ya Bradley Hull amamva za embargo, mwezi umodzi, pa Seputembara 4, 1941, ndikudziwitsa FDR tsiku limenelo. Koma amasankha kuti asiye osasintha, chifukwa mwanjira ina angawoneke ngati kulola Japan kupeza mafuta "ochuluka" kuposa kale. Chiletsocho pa nthawiyi chinali nkhani yapagulu ku Japan kwa mwezi umodzi. FDR inali ndi mwayi wopeza malipoti a nkhani za ku Japan, komanso mauthenga achinsinsi a boma la Japan, osatchulapo kuti anakumana ndi kazembe waku Japan panthawiyi. Kodi kulumikizana sikunapite patsogolo mu 1941 kuposa momwe analiri pomwe Texas idatenga nthawi yayitali kudziwa kuti ukapolo watha?

Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, dziko la Japan litaona kuti chiletsocho nchokhalitsa, silinasunthike ku demokalase yapakatikati monga momwe Bungwe Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku China linaneneratu kuti zidzachitika. M'malo mwake idakhala ulamuliro wankhanza wankhondo. Panthawiyi Time inali kuyembekezera poyera kuti nkhondo ya US ndi Britain kumbali ya China idzanyengerera anthu a ku China kuti atembenukire ku Chikhristu. Kufananako mu Israel Lobby ndikodi Akhristu otengeka maganizo amene amakhulupirira kuti Israeli akutsogolera njira yoloseredwa mwamatsenga za tsoka lofunika.

Zolankhula za Mayling Soong ku Congress ya US mu February 1943 zidatsutsana ndi a Bibi Netanyahu a 2015 chifukwa cha kupembedza kwakukulu, kupusitsa, ndi kudzipereka ku mphamvu zakunja zachinyengo. Chinyengocho chidzapitirira kwa mibadwomibadwo. Akatolika a ku Vietnam Lobby adalowa nawo pamasewerawa. A US sakanazindikira China ya Mao mpaka itachepetsedwa kupanga Richard Nixon kukhala purezidenti wawo. Kwa akaunti yonse, ndikupangira buku la Bradley.

Komabe ndikuganiza kuti bukuli lili ndi mipata. Sichikufuna kukhudza chikhumbo cha FDR cha nkhondo ku Germany, kapena kufunika kwa iye ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka nkhondo ya ku Japan monga chinsinsi cholowera nkhondo zonse za Atlantic ndi Pacific. Zomwe zikutsatira ndalemba kale.

Kodi Masewera a FDR Anali Chiyani?

Pa December 7, 1941, FDR inalengeza za nkhondo ku Japan ndi Germany, koma inaganiza kuti sizingagwire ntchito ndipo inapita ndi Japan yokha. Germany, monga kuyembekezera, mwamsanga analengeza nkhondo ku United States.

FDR ayesa kunama kwa Amerika ngalawa za US kuphatikizapo Gulu ndi Kerny, zomwe zinkathandiza ndege za British kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi za German, koma zomwe Roosevelt ankanamizira kuti anali atasokonezeka mosavuta.

Roosevelt ananamizanso kuti anali ndi mapulani a mapazi a Nazi omwe akugonjetsa dziko la South America, komanso dongosolo la Nazi lachinsinsi lokhazikitsa zipembedzo zonse ndi Nazism.

Kuyambira mwezi wa December 6, 1941, makumi asanu ndi atatu pa zana a anthu a US omwe amatsutsana nawo kuloŵa nkhondo. Koma Roosevelt anali atayambitsa kalembedwe, anakhazikitsa National Guard, adapanga Navy yaikulu m'nyanja ziwiri, ogulitsa akale ogulitsa ku England pofuna kusinthanitsa ndi mabungwe awo ku Caribbean ndi Bermuda, ndipo adalamula mwachinsinsi kuti adziwe mndandanda wa aliyense Munthu wa ku Japan ndi wa Japan-America ku United States.

Pa Epulo 28, 1941, Churchill adalemba chinsinsi kwa nduna yake yankhondo kuti: "Zitha kutsimikizika kuti kulowa ku Japan kunkhondo kungatsatiridwe ndikulowa kwa United States mbali yathu."

Pa August 18, 1941, Churchill anakumana ndi nduna yake ku 10 Downing Street. Msonkhanowo unali wofanana ndi July 23, 2002, msonkhano pamalowo omwewo, maminiti omwe adadziwika kuti Downing Street Minutes. Misonkhano yonseyi inavumbulutsa zolinga za US zobisika kupita ku nkhondo. Pamsonkhano wa 1941, Churchill adauza nduna yake, motere: "Pulezidenti adanena kuti adzamenya nkhondo koma sadzalengeze." Kuphatikizanso apo, "Zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa kukakamiza zochitikazo."

Kuyambira pakati pa 1930s omenyera ufulu waku US - anthu omwe anali okwiya pomenya nkhondo zaposachedwa ku US - anali akuyenda motsutsana ndi malingaliro aku US aku Japan ndi US Navy akufuna kumenya nkhondo ku Japan - Marichi 8, 1939, yomwe idafotokoza "nkhondo yoopsa ya Kutalika ”komwe kungawononge gulu lankhondo ndikusokoneza moyo wachuma ku Japan.

Mu January 1941, a Japan Advertiser anafotokoza zakukwiyira kwake Pearl Harbor mu nkhani, ndipo kazembe wa US ku Japan analemba m'kaundula wake kuti: "Pali zokambirana zambiri kuzungulira tawuni kuti a Japan, akapumula ku United States, akukonzekera Pitani kukawombera modabwitsa Pearl Harbor. Zachidziwikire ndidadziwitsa boma langa. ”

Pa February 5, 1941, Admiral Wachichewa Richmond Kelly Turner adalembera kalata Henry Wachinson kuti awonetsere kuti akhoza kuwonongeka ku Pearl Harbor.

Monga taonera, kale mu 1932 United States inali ikuyankhula ndi China ponena za kupereka ndege, oyendetsa ndege, ndi maphunziro a nkhondo yake ndi Japan. Mu November 1940, Roosevelt anabwereketsa China madola miliyoni miliyoni kuti achite nkhondo ndi Japan, ndipo atakambirana ndi British, Mlembi wa US Treasury Henry Morgenthau adakonza zotumiza mabomba a ku China ndi asilikali a US kuti agwiritse ntchito pophulitsa mabomba ku Tokyo ndi mizinda ina ya ku Japan.

Pa Disembala 21, 1940, Nduna ya Zachuma yaku China TV Soong ndi Colonel Claire Chennault, yemwe adapuma pantchito aku US Army yemwe amagwira ntchito ku China ndipo adawalimbikitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito oyendetsa ndege aku America kuphulitsa bomba ku Tokyo kuyambira 1937, adakumana m'malo odyera a Henry Morgenthau. chipinda chokonzekera kuphulika kwa moto ku Japan. Morgenthau adati atha kutulutsa abambo ku US Army Air Corps ngati aku China angawalipire $ 1,000 pamwezi. Posachedwa adavomereza.

Pofika Julayi, Joint Army-Navy Board anali atavomereza pulani yotchedwa JB 355 yowombera Japan. Kampani yakutsogolo imagula ndege zaku America kuti ziziyendetsedwa ndi odzipereka aku America ophunzitsidwa ndi Chennault ndikulipidwa ndi gulu lina lakumbuyo. Roosevelt adavomereza, ndipo katswiri wake waku China a Lauchlin Currie, malinga ndi mawu a Nicholson Baker, "adakakamiza a Madame Chaing Kai-Shek ndi a Claire Chennault kalata yomwe idapempha azondi aku Japan kuti awatsekereze." Kaya inali nkhani yonse kapena ayi, iyi inali kalata: "Ndili wokondwa kwambiri kuti lero nditha kunena kuti Purezidenti walamula kuti mabomba okwera mabomba makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi limodzi aperekedwe ku China chaka chino ndi makumi awiri mphambu anayi kuti aperekedwe nthawi yomweyo. Adavomerezanso pulogalamu yophunzitsira kuyendetsa ndege yaku China pano. Zambiri kudzera munjira zachilendo. Zabwino zonse."

Gulu loyamba la Volunteer Group (AVG) la Chinese Air Force, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Flying Tigers (chizindikiro chomwe chinapangidwa pambuyo pake ndi Walt Disney, monga momwe Bradley amanenera), adapita patsogolo ndi kulemba anthu ndi maphunziro mwamsanga ndipo adaperekedwa ku China asanafike Pearl Harbor.

Pa Meyi 31, 1941, ku Keep America Out of War Congress, a William Henry Chamberlin adachenjeza mwamphamvu kuti: "Kunyanyala konse chuma ku Japan, kuimitsa kutumiza mafuta, kukakakamiza dziko la Japan m'manja mwa olamulira. Nkhondo yankhondo ingayambitse nkhondo yapamadzi komanso yankhondo. ”

Pa July 24, 1941, Pulezidenti Roosevelt anati, “Tikadula mafutawo , [Ajapani] mwina akanatsikira ku Dutch East Indies chaka chapitacho, ndipo mukanakhala ndi nkhondo. Zinali zofunikira kwambiri pamalingaliro athu odzikonda achitetezo kuti tiletse nkhondo kuti isayambike ku South Pacific. Choncho ndondomeko yathu yachilendo inali kuyesa kuletsa nkhondo kuti isayambike kumeneko. " Atolankhani adazindikira kuti Roosevelt adati "anali" osati "ali". Tsiku lotsatira, Roosevelt anapereka lamulo loletsa katundu wa ku Japan. United States ndi Britain adadula mafuta ndi zitsulo ku Japan, kaya Acheson adazembera Roosevelt wakale kapena ayi. Radhabinod Pal, woimira milandu wa ku India yemwe anali m’khoti la milandu ya nkhondo nkhondo itatha, ananena kuti ziletsozo zinali “zoopsa kwambiri pa moyo wa dziko la Japan,” ndipo ananena kuti dziko la United States linakwiyitsa dziko la Japan.

Pa August 7, 1941, a Japan Times Advertiser analemba kuti: "Poyamba kunalinso malo abwino kwambiri ku Singapore, omwe ankalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi asilikali a Britain ndi Empire. Kuchokera pakhomoli gudumu lalikulu linamangidwa ndipo linagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabungwe a ku America kupanga mphete yayikulu kumadera akum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Philippines kupyolera mu Malaya ndi Burma, ndi chigwirizanocho chinasweka pokhapokha ku Thailand. Tsopano tikukonzekera kuti tifotokoze zochepetsetsa, zomwe zimapita ku Rangoon. "

Pofika mu September, nyuzipepala ya ku Japan inakwiya kwambiri kuti United States idayamba kutumiza mafuta kudutsa Japan kupita ku Russia. Japan, nyuzipepala yake inati, akufa imfa yochepa "ku nkhondo yachuma."

Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa October, US akuyendera Edgar Mower anali kugwira ntchito kwa Colonel William Donovan yemwe adafufuza Roosevelt. Woweruzayo analankhula ndi mwamuna wina ku Manila wotchedwa Ernest Johnson, yemwe ndi membala wa Komiti ya Maritime, yemwe adati akuyembekezera kuti "Japs adzatengera Manila ndisanatuluke." Pamene Woweruza anadabwa, Johnson anayankha kuti "Kodi simunadziwe Jap sitimayo yasamukira chakum'mawa, mwinamwake kukwera sitima zathu ku Pearl Harbor? "

Pa Novembala 3, 1941, kazembe waku US adatumiza telegalamu yayitali ku State department kuwachenjeza kuti kulandidwa kwachuma kungakakamize Japan kuchita "national hara-kiri." Adalemba kuti: "Nkhondo ya ku United States ingachitike mwadzidzidzi modabwitsa."

Pa Novembala 15th, wamkulu wa asitikali aku US a George Marshall adauza atolankhani china chake chomwe sitimakumbukira kuti ndi "Marshall Plan." M'malo mwake sitimakumbukira konse. "Tikukonzekera nkhondo yolimbana ndi Japan," adatero a Marshall, akufunsa atolankhani kuti asunge chinsinsi, zomwe ndikudziwa kuti adazichita.

Patatha masiku khumi Secretary of War Stimson adalemba mu diary yake kuti adakumana ku Oval Office ndi Marshall, Purezidenti Roosevelt, Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, Admiral Harold Stark, ndi Secretary of State Cordell Hull. Roosevelt anali atawauza kuti achi Japan akuyenera kuti adzaukira posachedwa, mwina Lolemba lotsatira.

Zakhala zikulembedwa bwino kuti United States idaphwanya malamulo achijapani ndikuti Roosevelt anali nazo. Kudzera mwa kulanda uthenga wotchedwa Purple code pomwe Roosevelt adazindikira malingaliro aku Germany olanda Russia. Anali Hull yemwe adatulutsa mawu achijapani kwa atolankhani, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Novembala 30, 1941, mutu wankhani "Japan May Strike Weekend."

Lolemba lotsatira likadakhala Disembala 1, masiku asanu ndi limodzi chiwembucho chisanachitike. "Funso," a Stimson adalemba, "ndi momwe tingawathandizire kuti azitha kuwombera mfuti yoyamba osalola kuwopsa kwathu. Lingaliro lake linali lovuta. ”

Tsiku lotsatira, Congress idavotera nkhondo. Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin (R., Mont.) Adayimirira yekha pakuvota ayi. Patatha chaka chimodzi kuvota, pa Disembala 8, 1942, Rankin adatinso mu DRM Record akufotokoza zotsutsa zake. Adatchulanso ntchito ya wofalitsa nkhani waku Britain yemwe adatsutsana mu 1938 chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito Japan kubweretsa United States kunkhondo. Adatchulanso za a Henry Luce mu moyo Magazini ya July 20, 1942, kwa "anthu a ku China omwe a US adapereka chigamulo chimene chinabweretsa Pearl Harbor." Iye adawonetsa umboni kuti pa msonkhano wa Atlantic pa August 12, 1941, Roosevelt adatsimikizira Churchill kuti United States idzabweretsa mavuto azachuma kuti azitsatira pa Japan. "Ndidatchula," analemba Rankin, "State Department Bulletin ya December 20, 1941, yomwe inavumbulutsa kuti pa September 3 kulankhulana kunatumizidwa ku Japan kukafuna kuti avomereze mfundo yakuti 'kusagwirizana kwa chikhalidwe chomwe chili ku Pacific, 'zomwe zinkafuna kutsimikiziranso kuti maulamuliro oyera a Kum'maŵa amatsutsana. "

Rankin anapeza kuti Economic Defence Board idalandira chilango chachuma pasanathe sabata pambuyo pa msonkhano wa Atlantic. Pa December 2, 1941, a New York Times Akuti, Japan "adachotsedwa pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya malonda ake ovomerezeka ndi Allied blockade." Rankin ananenanso mawu a Lieutenant Clarence E. Dickinson, USN, Loweruka Tsiku Lachitatu ya October 10, 1942, kuti pa November 28, 1941, masiku asanu ndi anayi asanayambe kuukiridwa, Wachiwiri Wachiwiri William F. Halsey, Jr, (iye ali ndi mawu omveka akuti "Apha Japs! Apha Japs!") adamupatsa malangizo ena "kuwombera pansi chirichonse chimene tinachiwona mlengalenga ndi kuponya mabomba chilichonse chimene tinaona panyanja."

General George Marshall adavomereza kuti bungwe la Congress ku 1945 lidati: kuti malamulowa athyoledwa, kuti United States idakhazikitsa mgwirizano wa Anglo-Dutch-America kuti agwirizane ndi dziko la Japan ndikuziika patsogolo pa Pearl Harbor, ndi kuti United States akuluakulu a asilikali ake kupita ku China kukachita nkhondo pamaso pa Pearl Harbor.

Chikumbutso cha Okutobala 1940 cha Lieutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum chidachitidwa ndi Purezidenti Roosevelt ndi omwe akuwayang'anira. Linafunika kuchitapo kanthu zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe McCollum ananeneratu kuti zidzapangitsa a ku Japan kuti adzaukire, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maboma aku Britain ku Singapore komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo achi Dutch komwe tsopano ndi Indonesia, kuthandiza boma la China, kutumiza magawano azitali oyenda mwamphamvu opita ku Philippines kapena ku Singapore, kutumiza magawo awiri a sitima zapamadzi ku "Kum'mawa," kusunga mphamvu zazikulu zankhondo ku Hawaii, ndikuumiriza kuti achi Dutch akane mafuta aku Japan, ndikuletsa malonda onse ndi Japan mogwirizana ndi Britain .

Tsiku lotsatira zomwe McCollum adalemba, a State department adauza anthu aku America kuti achoke kumayiko akummawa, ndipo Roosevelt adalamula kuti zombo zomwe zidasungidwa ku Hawaii chifukwa chotsutsa mwamphamvu Admiral James O. Richardson yemwe adatchula Purezidenti kuti "Posakhalitsa a Japan achita kuchitira United States zowonekeratu ndipo dzikolo lingalolere kupita kunkhondo. ”

Uthengawu womwe Admiral Harold Stark adatumiza kwa Admiral Husband Kimmel pa Novembala 28, 1941, udati, "NGATI Nyumba ZOLEMBEDWA SIZINGABWEREZEDWE SUNGAPEWE KU UNITED STATES AKUFUNA KUTI JAPAN NDI YOYAMBA."

A Joseph Rochefort, omwe anali oyambitsa gulu loyang'anira zankhondo ku Navy, yemwe adathandizira polephera kulumikizana ndi Pearl Harbor zomwe zikubwera, pambuyo pake adzayankha kuti: "Imeneyi inali mtengo wotsika mtengo kwambiri kulipira kugwirizanitsa dzikolo."

Usiku wotsatira chiwonetserochi, Purezidenti Roosevelt anali ndi a Edward R. Murrow ndi Wogwirizira wa Roosevelt wa Information William Donovan pa chakudya chamadzulo ku White House, ndipo Purezidenti onse amafuna kudziwa ngati anthu aku America avomereze nkhondo. Donovan ndi Murrow adamutsimikizira kuti anthu avomerezadi nkhondo tsopano. Pambuyo pake Donovan adauza womuthandizira wake kuti kudabwa kwa Roosevelt sikunali kwa anthu ena omuzungulira, ndikuti iye, Roosevelt, walandila chiwonetserochi. Murrow adalephera kugona usiku womwewo ndipo adazunzidwa moyo wake wonse ndi zomwe adazitcha "nkhani yayikulu kwambiri m'moyo wanga" yomwe sananenepo.