M'nkhani yake ya 1929 Man's Year, Time Magaziniyo inavomereza kuti owerenga ambiri amakhulupirira Mlembi wa boma Frank Kellogg kusankha bwino, mwina nkhani yabwino ya 1928 inali yolembedwa ndi mayiko a 57 a Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact ku Paris, mgwirizano womwe unapangitsa kuti nkhondo yonse isakhale yoletsedwa, mgwirizano umene umakhalabe m'mabuku lero.
Koma, tawonanso Time, “Ofufuza atha kusonyeza kuti a Kellogg sanayambitse lingaliro loletsa nkhondo; kuti munthu wamba wosadziwika bwino wotchedwa Salmon Oliver Levinson, loya waku Chicago, ”ndiye anali kuyendetsa.
Inde anali. CHONCHO Levinson anali loya yemwe amakhulupirira kuti makhothi amathetsa kusamvana pakati pawo kuposa momwe amachitiranso milandu asanaletsedwe. Ankafuna kuletsa nkhondo ngati njira yothetsera mikangano yapadziko lonse. Mpaka 1928, kuyambitsa nkhondo kunali kovomerezeka kwalamulo nthawi zonse. Levinson amafuna kuletsa nkhondo zonse. Iye anati: “Tiyerekeze kuti, panthaŵiyo anthu anali atalimbikitsa kuti 'kumenya nkhondo mwaukali' kokha ndikoyenera kuletsedwa ndipo 'kudzitchinjiriza' kukhale kotsalira.”
Levinson ndi kayendetsedwe ka Olamulira omwe anawasonkhanitsa, kuphatikizapo Chicagoan, dzina lake Jane Addams, ankakhulupirira kuti kupanga nkhanza kungayambitse kusokoneza malamulowa. Anayesetsa kukhazikitsa malamulo apadziko lonse komanso njira zothetsera mikangano. Kuthetsa nkhondo inali njira yoyamba yothetsera vutoli.
Gulu la Outlawry lidayambitsidwa ndi nkhani ya Levinson yomwe imalimbikitsa New Republic pa Marichi 7, 1918, ndipo zidatenga zaka khumi kuti zikwaniritse Pangano la Kellogg-Briand. Ntchito yothetsa nkhondo ikupitilira, ndipo mgwirizano ndi chida chomwe chingathandizebe. Panganoli limapereka mayiko kuti athetse mikangano yawo kudzera mwamtendere wokha. Webusayiti ya US State department idalemba kuti ikugwirabe ntchito, monganso Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Chitetezo cha Nkhondo yomwe idasindikizidwa mu June 2015.
A Levinson ndi anzawo adalimbikitsa maseneta ndi akuluakulu ku United States ndi Europe, kuphatikiza mlembi waku France Zakunja Aristide Briand, Wapampando wa United States ku United States a William Borah, ndi Secretary of State Kellogg. A Outlawrists adalumikiza gulu lamtendere ku US lalikulu kwambiri komanso lovomerezeka kuposa chilichonse chomwe chadziwika ndi dzina mzaka zambiri zapitazi. Koma unali gulu lomwe lidagawika pa League of Nations.
Chipwirikiti chakukonzekera ndi kuchititsa chidwi chomwe chidakhazikitsa mgwirizano wamtendere chinali chachikulu. Ndipezereni bungwe lomwe lakhalapo kuyambira ma 1920 ndipo ndikupezerani bungwe lolembapo lothandizira kuthetsa nkhondo. Izi zikuphatikiza American Legion, National League of Women Voter, ndi National Association of Parents and Teachers.
Pogwiritsa ntchito 1928, kufunika kwa nkhondo yoletsedwa sikungatheke, ndipo Kellogg yemwe adangomunyoza ndi kutemberera anthu ofuna mtendere, anayamba kutsatira kutsogolo kwawo ndikuuza mkazi wake kuti akhoza kukhala pa Nobel Peace Prize.
Pa Ogasiti 27, 1928, ku Paris, mbendera zaku Germany ndi Soviet Union zidayamba kuwuluka ndi ena ambiri, pomwe zidachitika zomwe zimafotokozedwa munyimbo "Usiku Wathawu Ndinalota Maloto Odabwitsa Kwambiri." Mapepala omwe amunawa adasaina adanenadi kuti sadzamenyananso. A Outlawrists adalimbikitsa Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku US kuti ivomereze mgwirizanowu popanda kukayika kulikonse.
Zonsezi sizinali zachinyengo. Asitikali aku US anali akumenya nkhondo ku Nicaragua nthawi yonseyi, ndipo mayiko aku Europe adasaina m'malo mwa madera awo. Russia ndi China amayenera kuyankhulidwa kuti apite kunkhondo wina ndi mnzake monganso Purezidenti Coolidge adasainirana panganolo. Koma adalankhula za iwo anali. Ndipo kuphwanya kwakukulu koyamba kwa mgwirizanowu, Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, kunatsatiridwa ndi milandu yoyamba (ngakhale yamodzi) yokhudza milandu yankhondo - milandu yomwe idakhazikika pamgwirizanowu. Mitundu yolemera, pazifukwa zingapo, sanapite kunkhondo wina ndi mnzake kuyambira pamenepo, akumenya nkhondo m'malo osauka padziko lapansi.
Mgwirizano wa United Nations, womwe udatsata osalowetsa Pangano la Kellogg-Briand, ukufuna kukhazikitsa nkhondo zodzitchinjiriza kapena UN ikuloleza - ziphuphu zomwe zimazunzidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe zidagwiritsidwira ntchito pazaka zambiri. Maphunziro a gulu la Outlawry atha kukhala ndi zomwe angaphunzitse omenyera nkhondo ya neocon komanso "Udindo Woteteza" ankhondo othandizira. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mabuku awo aiwalika.
Ku St. Paul, Minn., Kuyamikira kulimbikitsidwa kwa Frank Kellogg, yemwe adapatsidwa Nobel, akuikidwa ku National Cathedral, ndipo Kellogg Avenue amamutcha dzina lake.
Koma munthu yemwe anatsogolera gulu lomwe linayamba kusokoneza nkhondo ngati loipa ndi kupanga nkhondo kumvetsetsa ngati njira yopezeka m'malo mopewedweratu anali ochokera ku Chicago, komwe kulibe chikumbutso ndipo palibe kukumbukira.
David Swanson ndi mlembi wa "When the World Outlawed War." Adzakhala akuyankhula ku Chicago pa Ogasiti 27. Kuti mumve zambiri, onani http://faithpeace.org.
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Sindikukumbukira kuti ndidayamba kufotokozera za mayendedwe anga mu General Academics 'maphunziro. Zikuwoneka ngati masukulu akuthamangira kumapeto kwa zaka za makumi awiri kumapeto kwa chaka cha sukulu, ndikusiya mbiri yofananira ya msewu. Ndikukumbukira ndikupanga lipoti lonena za United Nations. Ndidazindikira kuti idapangidwa ku San Francisco, ndipo pambuyo pake atasamutsidwa munyumba ya opindulitsa ku New York pomwe anthu ngati Barney Baruk adapeza mawu atsopano ngati 'Cold War'.
Palibe amene amaphunzitsa izi. Bukhu liri pano:
http://davidswanson.org/outlawry
Chidutswachi sichikunena za League of Nations, wotsogola kwa UN komanso wolimbana mzaka za m'ma 1930 pomwe nkhondo, nkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi, inali mkwiyo wonse. http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/League_of_Nations.aspx
Kotero izi zikutanthauza kuti GW Bush ndi chigawenga cha nkhondo. Anapitiriza nkhondo yowopsya ndi panganoli m'mabuku.
George Bush the Lesser ndi chigawenga cha nkhondo kapena alibe chidziwitso.
Robert,
Mbiri zambiri siziphunzitsidwa m'masukulu. Muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wanu pogwiritsa ntchito magwero abwino mumapeza nokha kuti mumvetsetse kayendedwe kabwino ndi zochitika zomwe zinapanga anthu m'mbuyomu, zomwe zikuchitika zomwe tikukhala lero.
Mbiri, mbiri yeniyeni, ikuwopseza zina zamphamvu zamabungwe. Mbiri pamaphunziro onse imangowerengera zopanda tanthauzo, zochitika, masiku ndi ziwerengero zonse zopanda tanthauzo kuti amvetsetse zovuta zawo kumatanthauza munthawi zawo. Kumvetsetsa izi, komabe, ndikomwe kumatsegulira mbiri yakale ngati chida chofunikira kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kukhala nacho kuti tidziwe momwe zinthu ziliri pano, pozindikira kuti zomwe tikuchita lero zikhala mbiri yomwe timasiya kumbuyo kuti ena atenge komwe tidasiya. Ndife gawo lazomwe zimachitika nthawi yathu isanakwane komanso nthawi yathu itatha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kumvetsetsa kwakanthawi kwam'mbuyomu kuli pachiwopsezo komanso chifukwa chake kuchepa kwa anthu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tizingokhala osasunthika, tizingoyang'ana zopanda pake komanso zopanda pake komanso osatha kudzipangira cholinga chapamwamba.
Ntchito yabwino powerenga za kukhazikitsidwa kwa UN. Iwe ndiwe umodzi wa zosiyana ku ulamuliro, wina yemwe analowa sukulu ndipo ali ndi maphunziro.
"Odala ali akuchita mtendere chifukwa adzatchedwa ana a Mulungu." Nanga bwanji muyenera kukhazikitsa mtendere ngati muli kale mwana wa Mulungu? Tamandani Ambuye ndikupatseni zipolopolozo!
Chiwawa chamawu nthawi zina chimakhala chofunikira. Yesu Khristu, yemwe ndamutchula uja, analibe vuto kutchula adani ake achiwawa komanso achinyengo kuti 'ana a Satana.' Monga Khristu, tiyenera kuchititsa manyazi iwo omwe amanyoza kuthetsa mikangano yopanda chiwawa ndikunamizira kunkhondo.
Gawo loyamba-Capitalism iyenera kugonjetsedwa.
Zikomo chifukwa cha nkhani yofunika kwambiri iyi, David & RootsAction. Nditsimikiza kuti ndilengeza izi mdera langa pakati pa Sep, makamaka popeza laibulale yanga yawona kuti ndikofunikira kufalitsa zankhondo pomenya nawo ana ndi achinyamata pulogalamu yomwe ikutchedwa A Million Thanks, m'makalata omwe amalembedwa kwa asitikali akuwathokoza chifukwa cha "ntchito" yawo. Ndakhala ndikupereka mayankho ku laibulale yanga za chisankho choyipa kwambiri, mungakhale otsimikiza!
Nkhondo ndi kupha anthu ambiri, chotero chigawenga chaumunthu. Iyenera kuti idzalowe m'malo ndi Khoti Ladziko Lonse Lopanda Tsankho. Timafunika gulu lonse kuti tiwone nkhaniyo. Fufuzani Mtendere Padziko lonse pa parisApress.com
Kufunika kwa kunama za mtendere ndi ma diplomati kunali lamulo lokhudza mbiri yakale. Mbiri ya mtendere, ndithudi inayamba pamaso pa mbiri ya munthu mmodzi yekha mu 1880-81, ndipo kuikidwa kwanu kwa munthuyo kunasunthidwa pambali ndi chilango, kunkapitirizabe lerolino ie ie ya Oligarchs ya ndi kulembetsa dziko!
Ndiyanso yatsopano yabwino ya Rome, ngati si ya Hegemony yopanda malire komanso yopezera ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito NSDU-238 yoyamba ya nyukiliya.
New Rome sidzaperekanso "peaceAwards" ngati ma Nobels, komabe iwo ali kutali kwambiri ndi nkhondo-zolimbana maukwati a drone / omenyera nkhondo ... zikomo David, tikusowa chidziwitso-chowonadi ...
Kumapeto kwake, Terry Pratchett anadandaula kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake labwino kwambiri m'magazini ena, a JINGO, nkhani yokhudza nkhondo.
Nayi mtengo, kenako pitani mukawerenge buku lonseli:
[Vimes ku Prince Cadram] "Mwamangidwa," adatero.
Kalonga adapanga phokoso pang'ono pakati pa chifuwa ndi kuseka. “Ndine chiyani?”
"Ine ndikukumanga iwe chifukwa chokonzekera kupha mbale wako. Ndipo pangakhale zina zotero. ". . .
"Vimes, iwe wapita wopusa, anati Rust. "Simungawamange mkulu wa asilikali!"
"Ndipotu, Bambo Vimes, ndikuganiza tikhoza," anatero Carrot. "Ndipo ankhondo, nawonso. Ndikutanthauza, sindikuwona chifukwa chake sitingathe. Tikhoza kuwapatsa ngongole ndi makhalidwe omwe angayambitse mtendere, bwana. Ndikutanthauza, ndizo nkhondo. "
Lingaliro lodziwika bwino, koma limene US ndi USSR wakale alibe chidwi kwenikweni ndi ulamuliro wa mayiko ena. Zonse zokhudza zofuna za dziko zomwe ziri ndondomeko ya bizinesi kuzinja zakunja zomwe angapeze pa mtengo uliwonse.