Ndi Pat Elder, May 29, 2019
Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY), Pulezidenti wa Komiti ya Senate ya ku United States ya Mazingira ndi Ntchito Zachuma, ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu pakupanga malamulo okhudzana ndi kupha nkhumba zakupha ndi zopaka mafuta (PFAS). Barrasso ndi Senate mkulu wolandira ndalama kuchokera ku makampani omwe ali ndi makampani komanso ali ndi ndondomeko yokhala ndi nthawi yaitali yolimbikitsa zofuna za malonda.
Barrasso Komanso ndi munthu wa Pentagon's point. Amatsutsana ndi mankhwala onse a PFAS monga gulu. Kuchita zimenezi kungalepheretse magulu ankhondo omwe amapanga zida zankhondo omwe amanena kuti ndi ofunika ku ntchito yawo. PFAS ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zolimbana ndi moto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo pa zochitika zolimbitsa moto pamagulu ankhondo. Mphuno ya khansa imaloledwa kulowa mu nthaka kuti iwononge mvula yapansi pansi ndi machitidwe osungirako madzi. Palibe chomwe chingatulutse moto wotentha kwambiri wa mafuta a petroleum monga foam ya PFAS-laced.
Malamulo anzeru amafuna kuti mankhwala onse a 5,000 + PFAS awongoleredwe pamodzi chifukwa onse amaonedwa kuti ali poizoni.
BarrassoMaimidwe ake amateteza gulu la "opindulitsa pa anthu" la akatswiri andale. Barrasso ndipo mtundu watsopano wazinthu zopitilira muyeso zomwe zili ku Washington zikukayikira ngati opanga malamulo atenge njirayi chifukwa makina amtundu uliwonse amapereka magawo osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya zoopsa kuumoyo wa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Amati sayansi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafunikira zaka zambiri kuti aphunzire asanakhazikitse malamulo - ngati awona kuti ndiofunikira.
Barrasso wafotokozanso kukayikira kwamalamulo omwe atha "kutsutsana ndi njira yopangira malamulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika zoopsa" zogwirizana ndi mankhwala malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo kale a zachilengedwe. "Congress idakhazikitsa njira zopangira malamulo zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Amakhulupirira kuti mabungwe aboma ali bwino kuti athe kuyesa sayansi yomwe ikukhazikitsa mankhwala, "akutero. Kutanthauzira: Sayansi ndiyowopsya ndipo tikudziwa kuti ena ku Congress akufuna kuyimba mluzu paphwando lathu lopanga phindu powononga thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti a Trump omwe sanasankhidwe asayansi apange zisankho zopanda katundu wolemera wasayansi .
Zina mwa malamulowa zimapereka chilango chokhwimitsa malamulo a Superfund ndi malamulo owonetsa zinthu, zomwe zimawopsyeza akuluakulu olamulira. Barrasso ndipo gulu lake la mabungwe odzipereka kumbali zonse ziwiri za bwaloli likunena kuti zilembo zazikuluzikulu zopanda malipiro zikanakhala zopanda chilungamo chifukwa boma ndi makampani akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa molimba mtima. Izi ndizolakwika. Ngakhale kuti sakunena za asilikali, apa pali mfundo yakuti: "Maulendo a ndege, mafakitale, ndi ena a dziko lathu, amagwiritsira ntchito thovu lamoto lomwe lili ndi PFAS pofuna kuteteza antchito awo komanso anthu onse." Barrasso amagwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro zakale kuti afotokoze zowonongeka.
tcheyamani BarrassoZomwe amalankhula zikuphatikizanso ena awiri. Anatinso "omaliza chitsulo" (kumasulira: F-35's, ndi zina zambiri) amagwiritsa ntchito PFAS "kuchepetsa mpweya komanso kuwonongera ogwira ntchito pazitsulo zolemera." Kuteteza machitidwe ankhondo oyipitsa madera oyandikana nawo, Barrasso akuti, "Mitengo yowonongeka kwa madzi owonongeka ndi malo osungiramo malo osungirako katundu anali osadziwa amadzimadzi" kotero sayenera kulemedwa ndi malamulo atsopano. "
Barrasso, ndithudi, akusiya kusanza kwaukali ndi kutsekula m'magazi imfa yomwe ikuvutitsidwa ndi anthu, amati, Colorado Springs pafupi ndi Peterson Air Force Base omwe akhala akumwa madzi a poizoni PFAS kwa zaka 20. Ndi choonadi chovuta.
Pano pali phokoso la malamulo omwe akuyembekezereka ku Senate:
S. 638 zingafune kuti EPA isankhe zinthu za per- ndi polyfluoroalkyl ngati zinthu zowopsa pansi pa Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ya 1980. (CERCLA-Superfund). CERCLA ndi amodzi mwamalamulo apamwamba kwambiri mdzikolo chifukwa amatsata mwamphamvu zofuna zamakampani ndi zankhondo pazotengera zasayansi komanso zathanzi.
S. 638 ingakhale chitukuko chabwino chifukwa chikanapangitsa mlingo woipa kwambiri wa PFAS umene ungakankhire pamayeso oyenera, kuphatikizapo ndalama zochepa zotsutsana. Palibe chilichonse chimene chilipo panopa! 3M, Chemours, ndi DuPont akutsutsa mwamphamvu chifukwa izo zidzawononga mzere wawo.
Ndalamayi ingalole kuti asilikali apitirize kunena kuti, "chitetezo chokhazikitsa mphamvu" ndikutsutsana ndi malamulo atsopano. Ili ndi funso lofunikira kwa aphunzitsi a malamulo a malamulo monga Rep Jamie Raskin, (D-MD-8), ngakhale kuti asilikali akuwoneka akugonjetsa ndi mzerewu mpaka pano kuti atetezedwe mu suti motsutsana ndi mayiko ambiri.
S. 1507 - Ndalama yophatikizira zinthu zina za perfluoroalkyl ndi polyfluoroalkyl mu Toxics Release Inventory, komanso pazolinga zina.
Palibenso malemba a ngongoleyi, ngakhale kuti ikanawonjezera pafupifupi 200 PFAS ku Toxics Release Inventory, malinga ndi Mkati mwa EPA. The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) ndi chida chothandizira kuphunzira za kutulutsa kwa mankhwala oopsa komanso ntchito zopewetsa kuipitsa zomwe zanenedwa ndi mafakitale ndi mabungwe aboma. Ili ndi gawo lodziwika bwino panjira yolondola ngakhale likulephera kuwonjezera mankhwala onse a 5,000 + owopsa a PFAS m'ndandanda. Ngati zaperekedwa, ziyeneranso kuphatikiza njira yochepetsera kuwonjezera kwa mankhwala ena a PFAS.
Owerenga ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti chinthu choipa kwambiri chimapezeka pamene amisiri amamanga makina amphamvu kwambiri a maatomu a kaboni ozunguliridwa ndi ma atomu a fluorine okhala ndi mapeto osiyanasiyana. Mankhwalawa amadzetsa mafuta ndi dothi ndi moto kuposa chirichonse. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke m'chilengedwe ndipo zimayambitsa zamoyo zamuyaya, zimapindulitsa kupanga nkhondo.
S 1473 - Lamulo lokonzanso lamulo la madzi akumwa otetezeka kuti Administrator wa Environmental Protection Agency akhazikitse kuchuluka kwa mankhwala enaake, komanso pazinthu zina.
Palibenso malemba a ngongoleyi, mwina.
Izi ndizo zina zofunikira kwambiri, zowonongeka. Izi zikanafuna kuti EPA ikhazikitse lamulo la National Drinking Water for PFAS zaka ziwiri zitachitika. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi EPA pambaliyi, palibe kuyang'anira kwa mankhwalawa.
Ambiri amati, kuzindikira kuti mpweya wotuluka pamtunda wa federal, wakhazikitsa magulu awo oopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, New Jersey, yaika MCL ya 20 ppt. kwa PFAS m'madzi awiri ndi m'madzi akumwa. Madzi a pansi pa nthaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa madzi akumwa ku New Jersey ndi kudutsa dziko lonse lapansi.
Poyendetsa pambali mfundo ya mliri wa dziko lonse, Alexandria. Louisiana, pafupi ndi England Air Force Base (yomwe inatseka zaka 28 zapitazo) ili ndi 10,900,000 ppt ya PFAS m'madzi ake pansi ndipo pali anthu okhala pafupi ndi mazikowo ndi zitsime.
Wodandaula ndi S 1473 ndikuti MCL ingakhazikitsidwe pamlingo waukulu kwambiri kuti muteteze umoyo waumunthu. Ndipotu, asayansi a zaumoyo a Harvard amati 1 ppt ya PFAS m'madzi akumwa ndi oopsa.
S 1251 - Luso lokonzekera ndi kulimbikitsa zochitika za federal komanso kupereka chithandizo kuzinthu zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino lomwe limayambitsa zowonongeka, komanso zolinga zina.
Kusonkhanitsa deta kuti zithetse kusokoneza kuyembekezera zokambirana ndi EPA Administrator kumatenga zaka zambiri ndikupeza deta pa zowononga zina zomwe zikuyembekezera kuwonongeka kungatenge mbadwo. Njirayi yowonongeka ingathandize kulimbikitsa machitidwe a federal komanso kuthandizira mayiko poyankha mavuto a umoyo.
S. 950 - Kufuna Director of the United States Geological Survey kuti achite kafukufuku wadziko lonse wamafuta opaka mafuta, ndi zina.
Izi zimakhala zomveka, nayonso. Icho chikuzindikira kuti dzikoli likuyang'aniridwa ndi vuto la thanzi monga palibe m'mbiri yake.
S 1372 - Kulimbikitsa mabungwe azamalamulo kuti achite mwachangu kapena kusintha mapangano amgwirizano ndi mayiko kuti achotse ndikuwongolera njira zothetsera kuipitsidwa kwa PFAS pakumwa, kumtunda, m'madzi apansi panthaka ndi magawo a subsurface, ndi zolinga zina.
Ndalama za a Sen. Debbie Stabenow zitha kupangitsa kuti Pentagon ikhale ndi udindo woyeretsa kuipitsa komwe kwachitika ndi PFAS. Pachifukwa ichi, mawu oti "federal institution" amatanthauza tsamba lomwe lili pansi pa ulamuliro wa Secretary of Defense.
Pano pali mawu awa:
(1) MUZIKHALALA.-Pa pempho la Gavande kapena mkulu wa boma, dipatimenti ya Federal kapena bungwe lidzagwira ntchito mwachangu kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wogwirizanitsa ntchito, kapena kukonzanso mgwirizanowu wogwirizana, kuwunika, kuyang'anira, kuchotsa, ndi njira zothandizira kuti athetse vuto loyambitsa matenda kapena kuyerekezedwa ndi madzi akumwa, madzi apansi, kapena pansi pamtunda kapena pansi pamtunda kapena subsurface strata kuchokera kumalo opangidwa ndi mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku chipatala cha Federal.
(2) MAFUNSO OTHANDIZA. -Agwirizano wogwirizanitsa ntchito yomaliza kapena kusinthidwa pansi pa ndime (1) idzafuna kuti dera likugwirizane ndi mgwirizano wa makonzedwe kuti akwaniritse kapena kupitirira miyezo yotsatirayi yowonjezereka m'magulu onse owonetsera zachilengedwe:
(A) Mkhalidwe wovomerezeka wa boma, makamaka m'boma ilo, chifukwa cha madzi akumwa, madzi apansi, kapena pansi pamtunda kapena pansi kapena subsurface strata, malinga ndi chigawo cha 121 (d) cha Lamulo Loyamba, Kulipira, ndi Lamulo 1980 (42 USC 9621 (d)).
(B) Uphungu wa zaumoyo pansi pa gawo 1412 (b) (1) (F) la Act Safe Watering Act (42 USC 300g-1 (b) (1) (F)).
(C) Mtundu uliwonse wa boma, zofunikira, chiwerengero, kapena malire, kuphatikizapo muyezo, zofunikira,
(i) Toxic Substances Control Act (15 USC 2601 ndi seq.);
(ii) Malamulo Omwe Amadziwa Otetezedwa (42 USC 300f ndi seq.);
(iii) Malamulo a Air Air (42 USC 7401 ndi seq.);
(iv) Malamulo a Pulezidenti Wachilengedwe (33 USC 1251 ndi seq.);
(v) Chitetezo cha m'madzi, Kafukufuku, ndi Sanctuaries Act ya 1972 (yomwe imadziwika kuti "Act Dumping Act") (33 USC 1401 ndi seq.); kapena
(vi) Chigamulo Chotsuka Chotsamba Chokhazikika (42 USC 6901 ndi seq.).
Tsopano, ndizofunika kutengera - koma imagwira mapazi a Pentagon ku thovu lamoto. Zingatanthauze, mwazinthu zina, kuti DOD iyenera kutsatira malamulo a New Mexico kapena Michigan, m'malo mongowalitsa chala chapakati "chodziyimira pawokha". Lamuloli likufuna madola mabiliyoni ambiri - ndipo mwina kupitilirapo. Yakwana nthawi yokakwera pamahatchi. Tiyenera kuteteza thanzi la anthu.
Mtendere, chikhalidwe cha anthu, thanzi, ndi owonetsa zachilengedwe ayenera kuzindikira. S 1372 ndi imodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira kwambiri pa mbiri ya dzikoli. Mazanamazana a zida zankhondo ku US ndi kuzungulira dziko lapansi akupitiriza kuipitsa asilikali ndi midzi yoyandikana nayo.
ngakhale Ngongole za PFAS khumi ndi zitatu posachedwapa watulutsidwa m'nyumba, ndi Senate yomwe imagwira makadi, ndi John Barrasso ndiye mlonda wa pachipata.
Nyumbayi imayankha malamulo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuletsa kuwononga mankhwala, komwe kulibe mpaka pano, osaphatikizidwe ndi mabanki omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi Senate. Ngakhale kuti matendawa amawopsya, asilikali akupitirizabe kuwotcha poizoni chifukwa ndi njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yotaya PFAS. Akuluakulu a madzi a m'midzi akhala akukakamizika kuwotcha sludge yotentha PFAS chifukwa imayambitsa dothi, madzi, ndi madzi omwe amatha kufalikira m'minda yamunda.
Ndalama imodzi ya Nyumba idzapereka ndalama za boma ku ndalama zamakilomita omwe amatha kusunga ndalama zomwe sizikhoza kuteteza thanzi la munthu ku chiwonongeko cha khansa. Wina angapereke ndalama kwa opanga PFAS kuti azilipiritsa ndalama zowonongeka ndi akuluakulu a madzi kudera lonselo. Komabe, ngongole ina idzakhazikitsa dongosolo lodzipereka kuti chophika chophimba chimatchedwa "PFAS-chitetezo." Mwachiwonekere, ndalamazo sizimapita mokwanira. Congress iyenera kuletsa zinthu zonsezo!
Ndalama yofunikira ingachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito chithovu cha khansa ndi ozimitsa moto. Ndalama za khansa pakati pa chigamulochi pakati pa anthu ndi anthu apamwamba kwambiri m'dzikolo.
Kotero, bwanji EPA siigwira ntchito yake?
Yankho lake ndi lakuti nkhandwe ikuyang'anira nkhuku yotchedwa henhouse. Onani omwe ali otchuka kwambiri mu EPA:
- Andrew Wheeler, yemwe anali woyang'anira ntchito, anali woyang'anira malo ogwira ntchito zogwirira ntchito.
- Erik Baptist ndi munthu wotetezedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera ku American Petroleum Institute.
- Peter Wright, katswiri wa Dow Chemical, tsopano akuthamanga pulojekiti ya Superfund yoyeretsa
- David Dunlap, wotsogolera mu ofesi ya kafukufuku wa EPA, anali mkulu wa Koch Industries.
- Steven Cook, yemwe ndi mkulu wa gulu la asilikali a EPA, anali uphungu waukulu kwa mapulasitiki ndi mankhwala amtundu wa Lyondell Basell Industries.
Wosankhidwa ndi a Trump kuti azitsogolera Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, a Michael Dourson, adasiya kuganizira pambuyo poti zatsimikizika kuti adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kuteteza zigawenga zomwe zimatiwopsa, poyesa kuwononga EPA. Dourson adagwiritsa ntchito maziko ofufuza omwe amathandizidwa ndi DuPont, Monsanto ndi American Chemistry Council. Anagulitsa sayansi yake yabodza kwa wotsatsa wapamwamba kwambiri. Barrasso amatchula a Dourson kuti anali "wogwira ntchito bwino, wodziwa bwino ntchito, komanso wodzipereka pantchito yaboma." BarrassoKomiti ya komitiyi inavomereza kuti Dourson adziwe kuti asanathe kutsutsana ndi zomwe Durson adatsutsa.
Pat Elder akutumikira ku Bungwe la Atsogoleri a World BEYOND War.
