Yotengedwa Pakati pa Thanthwe ndi Malo Ovuta

 Kwa owerenga anga ku Okinawa, ndi ulemu waukulu.
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Mbiri yakale ya kuipitsidwa

Mu 2020 Futenma Marine Corps Command adakakamizidwa kuletsa Futenma Flightline Fair yomwe idakonzedwa Loweruka, Marichi 14 ndi Lamlungu, Marichi 15. Awa anali masiku oyamba a mliri wa Covid ndipo aliyense amayembekezera Flightline Fair ndi mawonetseredwe a F / A-18's, F-35B's ndi MV-22's, ndi ma flyovers, chiwonetsero chamagalimoto, ndi kanyenya kokongola.

Morale adavutika, chifukwa chake lamuloli lidapereka mwayi woti apange kanyenya pa Epulo 10th pafupi ndi hangar yayikulu ya esprit de Corps ya Marines. Kutentha kuchokera pazida zopangira ziwombankhanga kunayambitsa makina opondera moto a hangar, ndikumatulutsa thovu lowopsa lozimitsa moto lomwe lili ndi Perfluoro octane sulfonic acid, (PFOS). Idawononga kanyenya. Futenma Flightline Fair - Koji Kakazu Photography

Zovuta zambiri ngati izi zalembedwa m'mabwalo ankhondo aku US padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira koyambirira kwa ma 1970 pomwe zopha zija zidagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba m'mapiko ozimitsa moto. Nthawi zina makina opondereza thovu amayamba mwangozi nthawi yokonza. Nthawi zina, amayamba ndi utsi kapena kutentha. Zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Makina opondereza akamatulutsa thovu lawo, asitikali atha kutumiza thovu m'madzi osambira amphepo, zimbudzi zaukhondo, kapena akasinja osungira mobisa. Kutumiza ma carcinogens m'madzi osambira amvula yamkuntho kumapangitsa kuti zida zizilowera m'mitsinje. Kulowetsa thovu m'dothi laukhondo kumatanthauza kuti poizoni amatumizidwa kumalo osungira madzi akumwa komwe amaponyedwera, osalandidwa, m'mitsinje. Thovu lomwe limasungidwa m'mathanki osungira mobisa limatha kutumizidwa kumalo ena amadzimadzi kapena kuchotsedwa pamalowo kuti akatayidwe kwina kapena kuwotchedwa. Chifukwa mankhwala sawotcha ndipo sawonongeka, palibe njira yowatayira bwino ndipo atha kupeza njira zodyera anthu. Anthu aku Okinawa akhumudwa ndi izi.

 ANDERSEN AIR FORCE BASE, Guam - Chithovu chochokera kuzida zopopera moto chimapopera pamakoma ndi kudenga mkati mwa hangar yokonza ndege yomwe yangomangidwa kumene poyesa ndikuwunika mu 2015. (Chithunzi cha US Air Force)

Munthawi ya 10 ya Epulo 2020 ya kanyenya, malita 227,100 a thovu adatulutsidwa, pomwe ma liti opitilira 143,800 adatuluka m'munsi ndipo, mwina, malita 83,300 adatumizidwa kumathanki osungira mobisa.

Chithovu chinakuta mtsinje wakomweko ndipo mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtambo anali atayandama kupitirira mamita zana kuchokera pansi, kukhazikika m'malo osewerera ndi oyandikana nawo. A David Steele, wamkulu wa Futenma Air Base, adasiyanitsanso anthu aku Okinawan pomwe adati, "Mvula ikagwa, ichepetsa." Mwachiwonekere, anali kunena za thovu la thovu, osati kuchuluka kwa thovu kuti lidwalitse anthu. Ngozi yofananayo idachitika m'munsi momwemo mu Disembala 2019 pomwe makina opondereza moto mwangozi adatulutsa thovu la khansa.

Epulo 17, 2020 - US Marine Corps Col. David Steele, wamkulu wa Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, akumana ndi Okinawa Vice-Gov. Kiichiro Jahana komwe thovu lozimitsa moto linagwidwa mu thanki yosungira mobisa. (Chithunzi cha US Marine Corps)

Mu Epulo, 2020, madzi ampweya amatuluka m'mapaipi amadzi amvula (red x) kuchokera ku Marine Malo Oyendetsa Ndege a Corps Malingaliro. Njirayo ikuwonetsedwa kumanja. Mtsinje wa Uchidomari (wabuluu) umanyamula poizoni kupita nawo ku Makiminato ku East China Sea.

Mkulu wa asitikali aku US ku Japan, Lt. General Kevin Schneider, adatulutsa mawu awa, pa Epulo 24, 2020, patangotha ​​milungu iwiri chichitikireni izi, fufuzani chifukwa chake zinachitika pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zochitika ngati izi sizichitikanso. Komabe, ndili wokondwa kwambiri ndi mgwirizano womwe tawona kuderalo komanso kumayiko ena pamene tikutsuka izi ndikugwira ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse zoperekedwa ndi izi, "atero a Schneider.

Awa ndi mayankho a boilerplate omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kukhazikitsa anthu amderalo, kaya ali ku Maryland, Germany, kapena Japan. Asitikali anadziwa nthawi yomweyo chifukwa chake zinachitikira. Amamvetsetsa kutulutsidwa mwangozi kudzapitiliza kuchitika ndikuwononga thanzi laumunthu.

Anthu aku America amadalira maboma omwe amakhala nawo. Mwachitsanzo, lipoti lochokera ku Okinawa Defense Bureau, nthambi yakomweko ya Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Japan, linanena kuti chithovu chotulutsidwa ku Futenma "sichinakhudze anthu." Komabe, nyuzipepala ya Ryuko Shimpo idatengera madzi amtsinje pafupi ndi Futenma ndipo adapeza magawo 247.2 pa trilioni (ppt) ya PFOS / PFOA mumtsinje wa Uchidomari. Madzi a m'nyanja ochokera padoko la Makiminato anali ndi 41.0 ng / l wa poizoni. Mtsinjewu unali ndi mitundu 13 ya PFAS yomwe imapezeka mu thovu lamankhwala lopangira madzi (AFFF). Kuti tiwone bwino manambalawa, Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya Wisconsin imati milingo yamadzi yomwe ili pamwamba pake kupitirira 2 ppt zingawononge thanzi la munthu. PFOS m'matopewo imasakanikirana kwambiri m'moyo wam'madzi. Njira yoyamba yomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi kudya nsomba.

Nsomba ku Okinawa zili ndi poizoni ndi PFAS. Mitundu inayi yomwe yatchulidwa pano (ikuyenda bwino kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi) ndi lupanga, ngale danio, guppy, ndi tilapia.

111 ng / g (mu Pearl Danio) x 227 g (kutumikiridwa kwama ouniti 8) = 26,557 nanograms (ng). European Food Safety Authority ikunena kuti zili bwino kuti munthu wina wolemera 70 kilos (154 mapaundi) adye 300 ng sabata. (4.4 ng pa kg ya kulemera) Kutumizidwa kamodzi kwa nsomba ku Okinawan ndi 88 nthawi zopitilira sabata ku Europe.

Kazembe wa Okinawan a Denny Tamaki adakwiya. Anati, "Ndilibe mawu," atamva kuti kanyenya ndi kamene kamasula. Kumayambiriro kwa 2021, boma la Okinawan lidalengeza kuti madzi apansi panthaka ozungulira malo a Marine Corps anali ndi 2,000 ppt ya PFAS.

Ku Okinawa, anthu komanso atolankhani akwiya kwambiri chifukwa chankhanza zankhondo yaku US. Mawuwa akupitilizidwa kuti asitikali aku US akupha poizoni mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo akufuna kupitiliza kutero. Oposa anthu 50,000 ku US, omwe amagwira ntchito m'minda yomwe ili mtunda umodzi mwa maofesi, akuyembekezeka kulandira chidziwitso kuchokera ku Pentagon kuti madzi awo apansi atha kuipitsidwa ndi PFAS. Mitengo yoopsa yapansi panthaka yochokera kumalo ophunzitsira moto m'munsi imatha kuyenda makilomita 20.

Zotulutsa zowopsa izi ndi poyizoni wambiri wamamiliyoni aku America zidzafika pamwamba pazoyanjana ndi Pentagon ku My Lai, Abu Ghraib, ndikupha nzika za 10 Afghan zomwe tawona posachedwa. Pafupi peresenti 56 a ku America omwe adafunsidwa koyambirira kwa chaka chino adati ali ndi "chidaliro chachikulu" m'gulu lankhondo, kuyambira 70% mu 2018. Tidzawona izi zikuchulukirachulukira pomwe atolankhani akukakamizidwa kuti afotokoze zakupha kwa asitikali aku America ndi dziko. Pali chisokonezo chakuya pazonsezi. Gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo komanso magulu azachilengedwe ku United States akhala akuchedwa kuvomereza nkhaniyi. M'malo mwake, zigawengazi zibwera kuchokera kwa alimi aku America.

August 26, 2021

Chaputala chatsopano chodzikuza kwa mafumu aku America ku Okinawa chidachitika pa Ogasiti 26, 2021. Ngakhale US kapena Japan sanakhazikitse miyezo yokhudza milingo ya PFAS yomwe ingatulutsidwe mndondomeko zonyansa. Zikuwoneka kuti mayiko onsewa adakhazikika pamadzi akumwa pomwe sayansi ndiyomveka komanso yosatsutsika kuti ambiri mwa PFAS omwe amadya anthu ndi chakudya chomwe timadya, makamaka nsomba za m'madzi zoipitsidwa.

Lamulo la asitikali ku Futenma lidakumana ndi oyang'anira maboma aku Japan ndi oyang'anira zigawo za Okinawan pa Julayi 19, 2021 kuti atole madzi osungidwira m'munsi kuti apange mayeso osiyana. Msonkhano wotsatira udakhazikitsidwa pa Ogasiti 26th kuti akambirane mapulani otulutsa zotsatira za mayeso atatuwo.

M'malo mwake, m'mawa wa Ogasiti 26th, a Marines unilaterally and njiru adataya malita a 64,000 amadzi omwe anali ndi poizoni mumayendedwe amzindawo. Madziwo anali ochokera m'matanki obisika omwe anali ndi thovu lozimitsa moto. A Marines akadali ndi malita pafupifupi 360,000 a madzi owonongeka omwe atsala m'munsi, malinga ndi Asahi Shimbun nyuzipepala.

Akuluakulu aku Okinawan akuti adalandira imelo ku 9: 05 m'mawa pa Ogasiti 26 ochokera ku Marines akuti madzi okhala ndi poizoni adzamasulidwa nthawi ya 9:30 m'mawa Asitikali aku US ati madzi omwe atulutsidwa anali ndi 2.7 ppt ya PFOS pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Asitikali aku US anali atadandaula kuti akasinja osungira akhoza kusefukira chifukwa chamvula yamkuntho, pomwe Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Japan unanena kuti kusamutsaku ndi "njira yadzidzidzi chifukwa cha vuto lamkuntho."

Oyang'anira mzinda wa Ginowan adachitapo kanthu nthawi yomweyo. Patangotha ​​maola awiri kuchokera pomwe kutulako kudayamba, a Ginowan Sewage Facility Division adatenga zitsanzo za madzi ogwiritsira ntchito zonyansa m'ngalande m'dera la Isa, komwe madzi amdima a MCAS Futenma amakumana ndi anthu onse.

Chitsanzocho chikuwonetsa zotsatirazi:

Zolemba za PFOS 630 ppt
PFOA 40 ppt
Zolemba PFHxS 69 ppt

Chiwerengero cha 739 ppt  

A US Marines akuti adapeza 2.7 ppt ya PFAS m'madzi otsekemera. A Okinawans ati adapeza 739 ppt. Ngakhale kuyesedwa kwanthawi zonse kwa PFAS muma media osiyanasiyana kumatha kuzindikira ma analytic a 36, ​​atatu okha pamwambapa ndi omwe adanenedwa ndi a Okinawans. A Marines anangonena kuti "2.7 ppt ya PFOS." Zikuwoneka kuti kuchuluka konse kwa PFAS kungakhale kawiri 739 ppt ngati mitundu ina ya PFAS idayesedwa.

Maboma aku Okinawa (boma) ndi maboma aku Ginowan nthawi yomweyo adachita ziwonetsero ndi asitikali aku US. "Ndikumva kukwiya kwambiri kuti asitikali aku US onse pamodzi adataya madzi ngakhale adadziwa kuti zokambirana zikuchitika pakati pa Japan ndi United States za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito madzi owonongeka," Bwanamkubwa wa Okinawa a Denny Tamaki adati tsiku lomwelo. .

Ndikopindulitsa kuyerekezera mayankho a Ginowan City Council, The Okinawan prefecture, Marine Corps Installations Pacific, Okinawa, ndi boma la Japan.

Pa Seputembara 8th, Khonsolo ya Mzinda wa Ginowan idasankha chisankho kuti chinali "Wokwiya" ndi asitikali aku US potaya madzi owonongeka. Mzindawu udapempha a Marines kuti asataye ziphezo m'zimbudzi. Chisankhochi chidapempha asitikali aku US kuti asinthire zida zozimitsira moto zomwe mulibe PFAS ndikuuza asitikali aku US kuti awotche zinthuzo. Malingaliro amzindawu akuti kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala "kukuwonetsa kunyalanyaza kwathunthu anthu amzindawu." Meya wa Ginowan Masanori Matsugawa adati, "Ndizachisoni kwambiri chifukwa kutulutsidwa kwa madzi sikunaganizire nzika zakomweko zomwe sizinachotsepo nkhawa zawo" pazomwe zidachitika chaka chatha. Kazembe wa Okinawa, a Denny Tamaki ati iye akufuna kufikira ku Futenma kuchita mayeso palokha.

Asitikali aku US adayankha lingaliro la khonsolo yamzindawo tsiku lotsatira pozungulira a kutulutsa konyenga ndi mutu wotsatira:

Kuyika Kwa Marine Corps Pacific Kumachoka
Mafilimu Onse Opanga Mafilimu (AFFF) ku Okinawa

Nkhani yonena za gulu lankhondo lonena kuti asitikali ankhondo a Marine Corps "atsiriza kuchotsa onse Cholowa Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) ochokera kumisasa ya Marine Corps ndi malo ku Okinawa. ” A Marines adalongosola kuti thovu lomwe linali ndi PFOS ndi PFOA lidatumizidwa ku mainland Japan kuti liwotchedwe. Mafosawo asinthidwa "ndi chithovu chatsopano chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira ku Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo chomwe chimaperekabe mapindu omwewo opulumutsa moyo pakabuka moto. Izi zachepetsa kwambiri chiwopsezo cha chilengedwe cha PFOS ndi PFOA ku Okinawa ndipo ndi chiwonetsero china chodziwikiratu chakuwonekeraku kwa MCIPAC ndikudzipereka kwawo pakuwongolera zachilengedwe. "

DOD idachotsa mafinya ozimitsa moto omwe anali ndi PFOS ndi PFOA m'malo ake aku US zaka zingapo zapitazo pomwe akungochita izi tsopano, mokakamizidwa, ku Okinawa. Makungu atsopano a PFAS mwina akuphatikizapo PFHxS yomwe imapezeka m'madzi a Okinawa, alinso ndi poizoni. DOD ikana kufotokoza zenizeni zomwe mankhwala a PFAS amapezeka m'matumba ake ozimitsa moto, chifukwa "mankhwalawo ndi chidziwitso chazomwe amapanga."

PFHxS amadziwika kuti amachititsa kuti maselo a neuronal afe ndipo adalumikizidwa nawo kusamba koyambirira komanso kusamala / kuchepa kwa chidwi kwa ana.

Anthu aku Okinawa akwiya; a Marines akunama, pomwe boma la Japan silidandaula. A Yoshihide Suga, Prime Minister waku Japan, ati boma la Japan, adachita kafukufuku wofufuza za zomwe zidachitikazo. Anatinso boma la Japan likulimbikitsa asitikali aku US kuti achotse zida zozimitsa moto zomwe zili ndi PFOS. Palibe china.

Kuti abwererenso, aku America adatinso 2.7 ppt ya PFAS m'madzi otaya zimbudzi pomwe anthu aku Okinawans adapeza kuchuluka kwakanthawi kokwanira 274 m'madzi otsekemera. Anthu aku Okinawans agwidwa pakati pa thanthwe ndi malo ovuta.

Nyenyezi ndi Mikwingwirima zanenedwa pa Seputembara 20 kuti boma la Japan lavomera kulanda "kutaya" madzi onyansa a Futenma. Boma lavomera kulipira $ 825,000 kuti awotchere zinthuzo. Asitikali aku US apulumuka chilungamo.

Bwanamkubwa Tamaki adatcha ntchitoyi patsogolo.

Kutenthedwa sikubwerera! Boma la Japan ndi akuluakulu aku Okinawan mwachiwonekere sakudziwa kuopsa komwe kumawotcha PFAS. Palibe umboni uliwonse wasayansi wosonyeza kuti kuwotcha kwamoto kumawononga mankhwala owopsa omwe ali mu thovu lozimitsa moto. Zowotcha zambiri sizingathe kufikira kutentha kofunikira kuti ziwononge fluorine-kaboni chomangira cha PFAS. Izi ndizo, pambuyo pake, zozimitsa moto.

EPA imatero  sindikudziwa ngati PFAS yawonongedwa chifukwa chowotcha. Kutentha kofunikira kuwononga mankhwalawa kumapitilira kutentha komwe kumafikira pafupifupi onse oyatsa.

Pa Seputembara 22nd Nyumba Yoyimira ku US idapereka kusintha kwa Fiscal Year 2022 National Defense Authorization Act yomwe imakhazikitsa kuletsa kuwotcha kwa PFAS. Mulingowu udzavoteredwa ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo pamene idzawona ndalama zambiri.

Kazembe Tamaki, mwachita bwino pa izi! Chonde konzani zolembazo. Ootchawo adzafa mwabata m'nyumba ndi minda yaku Japan.

Otsutsa ku Okinawa amatenga gawo lofunikira pakupanga nkhaniyo. Mosiyana ndi mayiko, atolankhani ambiri amafotokoza uthenga wawo mozama. Sanasiyidwe ngati okhwima mumsewu. M'malo mwake, amadziwika ngati magetsi ovomerezeka omwe amapitilira nzika.

 M'kalata yotsutsa yopita kwa Minister of Defense waku Japan ndi Ofesi ya Okinawan Defense, oimira Co-Yoshiyasu Iha, Kunitoshi Sakurai, Hideko Tamanaha, ndi Naomi Machida a Liaison Committee to Protect Citizens 'Life from Organic Fluorocarbon Contamination akupanga izi:

1. Kupepesa kwa asitikali aku US pazolakwa zawo zachilengedwe, makamaka kutulutsa dala madzi omwe adayipitsidwa ndi PFAS m'mapope a anthu.

2. Fufuzani mwachangu pamalopo kuti mudziwe komwe kumayipitsa.

3. Mankhwala ndi ndalama zonse zochotsera poizoni wa madzi a PFAS ochokera ku Futenma amayenera kunyamulidwa ndi asitikali aku US.

 Lumikizanani: Toshio Takahashi chilongi@nirai.ne.jp

Zomwe tikuchitira umboni ku Okinawa zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale ambiri sakudziwa zavutoli chifukwa cha zomwe atolankhani akuchita. Izi zikuyamba kusintha.