Kumanga Ndondomeko Yamtendere

Ndi Robert A. Irwin

Zomwe analemba ndi Russ Faure-Brac

Izi zinalembedwa mu 1989, koma zikugwiranso ntchito lero pofunafuna mtendere monga kale.

Chidule cha Chidule

• Mfundo zazikulu za Mtendere ndizo:

1) Ulamuliro wapadziko lonse ndikusintha

2) Ndondomeko zosatetezera dziko

3) Kusintha kwachuma ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zingathandize mtendere ndi ufulu pochepetsa kusalingana ndi mikangano

• Pamene kulimbikitsa maboma kuti asinthe ndondomeko n'kofunikira, njira yowonetsera kusintha anthu ndi mabungwe akufunikira, kuphatikizapo:

1) Kusintha magwero azinthu zomwe anthu amadalira

2) Ndalama zoyendetsera zisankho pagulu

3) Kulimbana ndi malingaliro atsankho, atsankho komanso okonda dziko lako

4) Kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zachuma

• Ngati nkhondo ingakonzedwe kuti dongosolo likhale lopweteka, mtendere ukhoza kupangidwa ngati dongosolo lopanga mgwirizano.

Mau oyambirira - Njira Yamtendere Yofikira Nkhondo Yothera

• Kuyesa kale kuti athetse nkhondo sikunali okwanira. Kuthetsa njira yothetsera nkhondo iyenera kuthana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingayende bwino, zikhale zovuta koma zosavuta komanso zamphamvu kuti ngati chinthu chimodzi sichigwira ntchito, chimzake chimayamba kugwira ntchito.
• Pulogalamu yamtendere yokhazikika imaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo:

1)    Kusintha kwa dziko lonse kuchepetsa zifukwa za nkhondo

2) Mabungwe a kuthetsa mikangano kupewa nkhondo

3) Gulu lachitatu (lankhondo kapena lankhondo) Kusunga mtendere kuti athetse mofulumira chiwonongeko

4) Wotchuka kusakanikirana motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtundu uliwonse kumeneku. Kugonjetsa sikunatsimikizidwe koma sikunayambe nkhondo.

Gawo Loyamba: Mgwirizano Weniweni ndi Pambuyo

• Chitetezo cha US chimafotokozedwa m'mabwalo akuluakulu monga nkhondo ya nyukiliya, kuteteza ndi kulamulira zida.
• Olemba osiyanasiyana afotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa nkhondo: anthu ambiri amodzi (kugawa malamulo mwachangu ndi njira yothetsera mavuto), kusagwirizana ndi ndale komanso zachuma ("padziko lonse lapansi"), machitidwe a (amuna kapena abambo) olamulira ndi ogonjera.
• Joanna Macy akugogomezera zowonjezera zinayi mu njira yopezera mtendere:
  • Kufunitsitsa kuthana ndi vutoli
  • Kukhoza kuwona ndi kuganiza mosamalitsa
  • Kusintha kwa mphamvu
  • Kufunika kopanda chiwawa

Gawo Lachiwiri: Kupanga Chiyanjano cha Mtendere

• Ndikofunika kulingalira za m'tsogolo 1) kufotokozera za zolinga ndizofunika, 2) cholinga chomwe chimawonekera kwambiri, chomwe chimalimbikitsanso komanso 3) kulingalira zipangizo zatsopano zimayambitsa mabungwe omwe alipo.
• Poganizira m'mene mungakhalire, ganizirani n'zotheka m'malo moyenera kwambiri.
• Nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mungaiganizire kuti mukwaniritse zolinga muyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi mphamvu zomwe muli nayo.
• Ndondomeko yabwino yokonzekera ikuchokera pa kusanthula za zomwe zilipo tsopano, a masomphenya za zomwe zikanakhalapo mtsogolomu ndi strategy kuti mupeze kuchokera pakalipano kupita ku tsogolo lomwe mukufuna.
• Yesani njira zambiri nthawi imodzi, onani zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi kusintha
• A wangwiro Kukonzekera kwa mtendere sikufunika kuti ubweretse mtendere.
• Hanna Newcombe mkati Kupanga Dziko Labwino (1983) imapereka malangizo asanu ndi awiri:

1) Konzani m'malo osiyanasiyana, njira zingapo mosalekeza, m'malo mwapangidwe kamodzi, kokhazikika, kolimba

2) Mangani mopanda chiwawa, bata ndi chilungamo monga zinthu zitatu mwamtendere

3) Samalani magawo ndikukhala oyesera, kuwunika kupambana ndi zolephera panjira kuti kuwongolera kuyambike

4) Tcherani khutu pakuphatikizika kwa mapulani (?)

5) Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo yoti "kuthandizirana" komwe ntchito iliyonse iyenera kuchitidwa motsika kwambiri mogwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito

6) Lowani mu "kufanana ndi chilengedwe" - "pafupifupi" sichikwanira (?)

7) Limbikitsani zonse kuvomerezeka komanso kuchita bwino kwa dongosololi. Mwina magulu osiyanasiyana akukankhira mapulani osiyanasiyana omwe amasiyana mosiyana ndi momwe amadzichepetsera.

• Poganizira za boma lonse, ntchito yake boma sayenera kutumizidwa kwathunthu ku bungwe lotchedwa boma. Utsogoleri wodalirika umafuna:

1) Oimira osankhidwa kuti apange malamulo

2) Nthambi yayikulu yokhala ndi apolisi kuti azitsatira malamulo

3) makhothi othetsa kusamvana

Zina mwazochitika mu kayendetsedwe ka dongosolo lalamulo ndi:

1) Zovuta zomwe zimadzetsa kusamvana kwamtsogolo

2) Kuvomerezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka zamalamulo motero kufunitsitsa kwa magulu "kutsatira chisankho"

3) Njira zothetsera kusamvana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa mavuto kuti afike pachimake

4) Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhazikitsa malamulo akaphwanyidwa

• Sizowona kuti njira za chitetezo cha boma limodzi ndi njira zomwe mayiko ena akuopsezedwa. Pali njira zodzitetezera zomwe siziopseza ena ndipo sizikuphatikizapo zida zankhondo zowononga, monga zida zomwe zili ndi malo osakhazikika (monga malo okonzeka ndi malo otetezedwa ndi ndege) kapena mkati kapena pafupi ndi malo ake (ngati ndege zochepa). Zonyamulira ndege, misala yaitali ndi mabomba ndi zowopsya kwambiri ndipo zikuwopsyeza kwa mayiko ena.
• Ndalama za mtendere wamuyaya ziri zotetezeka, zogwirizana ndi zokhutiritsa.
  • Mitundu idzakhala yochepetsedwa ndi nkhondo mpaka momwe iwo adzasinthire mavuto, kusimidwa ndi kusatetezeka ndi kudalirika kosatha kwa onse.
  • Pali malire ku kukula kwachuma, koma ndi kulongosola bwinoko pakhoza kukhala moyo wabwino kwa anthu onse a padziko lapansi.
  • Kufalikira kwachitukuko chitukuko chachuma kungathandize mtendere wa padziko lonse m'njira zitatu:
    • Powathandiza nzika kufufuza ndi kulamulira atsogoleli ndi kukana kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nkhondo
    • Mwa kusunga chilengedwe chonse padziko lapansi pakuwonjezereka kulamulira kwa demokalase pa moyo wachuma, ndi
    • Kupititsa patsogolo luso la anthu ndi chikhumbo chochitapo pakupanga kupanga
    • Njira yopita mu mtendere siidzabwera kuchokera mwadzidzidzi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, chipembedzo kapena maganizo aumunthu, koma m'malo mwa kusintha zinthu zomwe zilipo panopa.

Gawo Lachitatu: Kupanga Mtendere Kukhala Chowonadi

• M'malo moyesa kukopa otsogolera mfundo kuti agwirizane ndi ndondomeko yothetsera mtendere, tiyenera kumanga pang'onopang'ono zinthu zambiri za mtendere. Pangani dongosolo lamtendere lamphamvu ndi lamphamvu mpaka liposa mphamvu ya nkhondo, ndiye tidzasintha.
• Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha mtendere chingakhale ndi zigawo zinayi:
  • Kuyesetsa kwambiri kuthetsa zifukwa za nkhondo
  • Ndondomeko zothetsera nkhondo zamayiko osiyanasiyana
  • Kupewa chiwawa popanga mtendere kukhala wokongola kuposa nkhondo
  • Chitetezo chotsutsa nkhanza, chothandizidwa ndi bungwe latsopano la UN for Transarmament
  • Zochitika zabwino kwambiri ndizofunikira chifukwa zimatsutsana ndi "zoipitsitsa-

Nkhani "kukonzekera komwe kwakhazikitsa zida zankhondo zopitiriza.

• Kuphatikizidwa kwina kwa anthu a ku America kumafunika kuti poma boma lathulo lilole mitundu ina kuti idzipange yekha momwe yakhalira.
• Kulemba ntchito ndi ntchito yosankhidwa ndi dzanja limodzi ndi zosagwira ntchito mosasamala komanso kukweza zofunazo ndizokwanira.