BOYLE AMATIPATSA MALANGIZO A GERM WARFARE NDIPONSO YOPHUNZIRA

Q. NDIPO A. Ndi FRANCIS A. BOYLE POLAKHALA

Ndi Sherwood Ross

Francis A. Boyle ndi pulofesa wotsogolera, waku America komanso wothandizira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Adali ndi udindo wolemba Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act wa 1989 (BWATA), bungwe la America lomwe limakhazikitsa malamulo a 1972 Biological Weapons Convention. BWATA yake idasinthidwa mosagwirizana ndi Nyumba zonse za United States Congress ndikusainidwa ndi Purezidenti George Bush Sr. Nkhaniyi idanenedwa m'buku lake Biowarfare and Terrorism (Clarity Press: 2005). Adatumikira ku Board of Directors of Amnesty International USA (1988-1992), ndipo adayimira Bosnia-Herzegovina ku World Court. Pulofesa Boyle amaphunzitsa malamulo apadziko lonse ku University of Illinois College of Law ku Champaign. Amagwira Doctor of Law Magna Cum Laude komanso Ph.D. mu Science Science, onse ochokera ku Harvard University.

Q: Kuti mumvetse kukula kwa kafukufuku wankhondo wachilengedwe waku US wokhudzana ndi matenda owopsa omwe akupita patsogolo, boma la Federal akuti limathandizira ma laboratories 400 padziko lonse lapansi. Ma lab awa akuti akupanga mitundu yatsopano ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe palibe mankhwala. Nditangomenyetsa, ndikufuna ndikufunseni, "Kodi iyi ndi bizinesi yomwe zigawenga zake zimabisidwa kwa anthu aku America?"

A: Zachidziwikire! Kuyambira pa Seputembara 11, 2001, tawononga ndalama pafupifupi $ 100 biliyoni pomenya nkhondo zachilengedwe. Pakadali pano tili ndi Makampani Olimbana ndi Tizilombo Mdziko muno omwe akuphwanya Mgwirizano wa Zida Zachilengedwe ndi Lamulo Langa Lankhondo Lotsutsana ndi Zauchifwamba la 1989. Takhazikitsanso Makampani Olimbana ndi Zida Zankhondo omwe tidatumiza kuderali asanaletsedwe ndi Biological Weapons Convention ya 1972 yomwe Sy Hersh adafotokoza pofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane m'buku lake Chemical & Biological Warfare: America's Hidden Arsenal (Bobbs-Merrill: 1968). Adani athu odandaula padziko lonse lapansi monga Russia ndi China mosakayikira afika pamalingaliro omwewo omwe ndapeza kuchokera pagulu lomwelo lotseguka, ndikuwayankhanso. Chifukwa chake zomwe dziko lapansi likuchitira umboni tsopano ndi mpikisano wothana ndi zida zankhondo pakati pa magulu ankhondo akuluakulu padziko lapansi: United States, Russia, Britain, France, China, Israel, pakati pawo. Msonkhano wa Zida Zachilengedwe wasanduka mwambi wamba "pepala chabe." Koma BWATA yanga ikadali lamulo ladziko ku United States komwe kuli chilango chokhala mndende kwa olakwira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "opanga ma biology" adafuna kuchotsa BWATA yanga kuti agwiritse ntchito Synthetic Biology popanga zida zatsopano zachilengedwe bwino.

Q: Kodi kwenikweni panjira ya moyo wabwino ndi chiyani?

Yankho: Nkhondo zachilengedwe zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo pazankhondo. Zida zotere zimatha kukhala zowononga ma virus, bakiteriya, ndi mafangasi, mwa mitundu ina, ndipo zimatha kufalikira kudera lalikulu lakutali ndi mphepo, madzi, tizilombo, nyama, kapena kufalitsa kwa anthu. Poizoni — zamoyo monga bowa — amagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Q: Ndi ati omwe ali oopsa kwambiri?

A: Masiku ano ma labg angapo a USG akugwira ntchito pa Anthrax, Tularemia, Mliri, Ebola, botulism, ndi virus ya fulu la Spain Flu.

Q: Kodi amachita chiyani ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?

Yankho: Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa ma genetic wa DNA, asayansi aku America akuimfa akutenga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe palibe mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya amatha kupewetsa katemera, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yovutirapo, yosavuta kufalitsa, komanso yovuta kufafaniza. Pakadali pano asayansi aku America akufa akufufuza chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi kuti apeze mitundu yachilengedwe iliyonse yomwe angagwiritse ntchito ndikusintha kukhala njira zoyipa zotsutsana.

Q: "USA Today" yachita lipoti labwino pankhaniyi. Mwazina, atolankhani awo awulula zochitika zazikulu zantchito zachitetezo kumalebulo a USG ndi malo a kuyunivesite omwe amathandizidwa ndi USG. Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani chifukwa chonyalanyaza chitetezo?

Yankho: Ichi ndi chilengedwe chomwe chikuyembekezera kuchitika kuno ku United States. M'malo mwake zachitika kale ku West Africa ndi mliri wa Ebola kumeneko. Pakangotsala nthawi yochepa kuti tikhale ndi mliri wofanana kunyumba pano womwe umayambitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu aku US biowarfare. Pachifukwa ichi muyenera kuwonera zolembedwa zabwino zopambana mphotho zolembedwa ndi Coen & Nadler lotchedwa Anthrax-War (Mafilimu a Transformer: 2009) momwe ndimatulukirako ndikuthandizira.

Q: Posachedwapa, miliri 13 ya mliri idanenedwa ku Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, New Mexico, Oregon ndi Utah, zomwe zidaphetsa anthu atatu. Kodi tizilomboti titha kubwera kuchokera ku malo ogwirira ntchito kuboma la US (USG)?

Y: Ndikukayikira kuti angakhale. Koma kutsimikizira ndi nkhani ina. Nthawi iliyonse mukaona zozizwitsa zachilendo kuzungulira dzikolo, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu pakuwunikira kuti zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mapulogalamu ena osavomerezeka a US.

Q: Kodi ndizowona, kuti akuti, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Anthrax tatumiza kwa ma Senator awiri aku US ndi ena pambuyo pa 9/11 kubwerera ku labu la US biowarfare ku Ft. Detrick, Md.? Mudalemba kuti a Senator Daschle ndi Leahy, onse a Democrat, adatsutsa Patriot Act, yomwe imapatsa USG mphamvu zomwe sizinachitikepo ndikuchotsa ufulu wachibadwidwe waku America. Ngati Anthrax idatumizidwa ndi Pentagon, kodi inali yowopseza asenema?

A: Inde! Ndalemba izi m'buku langa la Biowarfare and Terrorism (Clarity Press: 2005). Posachedwa mzanga komanso mnzake mnzake Pulofesa Graeme MacQueen waku McMaster University ku Canada adalembanso za izi m'buku lake The 2001 Anthrax Deception (Clarity Press: 2014). Muli ndi ufulu wowerenga mabuku awiriwa, kupeza mayankho anu, ndikuwona ngati mukugwirizana nafe. Kwa zaka zambiri pali zokambirana zambiri zomwe ndapereka pankhaniyi zomwe mungapeze mwa Googling dzina langa ndikuwonjezera mawu oti "anthrax" kumalo osakira. Zolinga ziwiri za kuwukira kwa anthrax mu Okutobala 2001 zinali (1) kuwopseza anthu aku America ndi Congress kuti atengere mwankhanza komanso Orwellian USA Patriot Act ndi (2) kumenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi Iraq. Monga Purezidenti George Bush Jr. monyadira adadzitama kuti: "Ntchito yakwaniritsidwa!" - pazinthu zonse ziwiri.

Q: Posachedwa, kufalikira kwa Ebola ku Sierra Leone ndi Liberia. Mwakweza mwayi woti USG ikhoza kuyesa mosavomerezeka za matendawa kwa nzika zamayiko aku Africa. Kodi mungandilongosoleko?

Yankho: Katemera wa Ebola awa anali kuyesa katemera wa USowowoko yemwe anali kuyesedwa ku West Africa. Zinali chifukwa choyesa katemera wa US biowarfare pa labu yathu ku Kenema, Sierra Leone, omwe adayambitsa mliri wa West Africa Ebola koyambirira. Ndapereka mafunso angapo kuti ndithandizire kumaliza kwathu mwatsatanetsatane. Izi zitha kupezeka ndi Googling dzina langa ndikuwonjezera "Ebola" pazosaka zawo.

Q: Kodi ntchito zachitukuko cha germ zoterezi ndizovomerezeka pamalamulo a BWC a 1974? (Dr. Boyle anali loya waku America yemwe adalemba malamulo oyendetsera dziko la US omwe amadutsa Congress mosavota.)

A: Inde. A US ndiopanganira nawo Mgwirizano wa Zida Zachilengedwe ndi Zida Zakale za 1972 zomwe zimaletsa "kupanga, kupanga, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mankhwala ake owopsa kupatula pazofunikira pakufufuza zodzitetezera komanso mwamtendere ..." Colonel David Huxsoll, wamkulu wa Army's Medical Institute ya Matenda Opatsirana, avomereza kuti kafukufuku wokhumudwitsa sadziwika ndi kafukufuku wodzitchinjiriza.

Q: Ngakhale Russia idati yathetsa pulogalamu yake yankhondo pambuyo poti a Communist ataya mphamvu mu 1991, bajeti yaku US pazifukwa izi yakula. Kodi pali mayiko kapena magulu azigawenga omwe angaukire US moyenera ndi zida zotere? Wotsutsa wina wanena kuti kukankha kwa biowarfare kwa USG kukufanana ndi "galu wothamangitsa mchira wake."

A: Chowonadi cha nkhaniyi ndikuti boma la United States lakhala likufuna kukhazikitsa dongosolo lowonongera la biowarfare kuyambira pomwe olamulira a Reagan ndi a Neoconservatives ake adayamba kulamulira ku 1981. Ndalemba zolemba zam'mbuyomu za Reagan ndi Neo-Cons m'buku langa lakale The future of International Law and American Foreign Policy (Transnational Publishers Inc. 1989), chaputala 8, The Legal distortions Behind the Reagan Administration's Chemical and Biological Warfare Unjika. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira yokha idasindikiza kafukufuku wanga monga Nkhani Zaposachedwa: Kusintha Kwapadera: Zida za CHEMICAL, NO. 1586 (28 Meyi 1987) ndikugawa kwa asitikali akulu kwambiri komanso asitikali apamwamba a DOD padziko lonse lapansi.

Q: Ndikumveka bwino, ndikudziwa, koma asayansi omwe adalipira ndi USG kuchiritsa khansa tsopano alandidwa kuti apange matenda oopsa a anthrax, dengue, Japan encephalitis, tularemia, Q fever, ndi matenda ena owopsa. Ndemanga?

Yankho: Paubwenzi wapakati pa kafukufuku wa khansa ndi ma bioweapons muyenera kuyang'ana buku lolemba ndi Dr. Len Horowitz, Ma virus obwera: AIDS ndi Ebola - Chilengedwe, Ngozi, kapena Cholinga? (Tetrahedron Inc. 1996).

Q: Mudalemba kuti gulu la Dr. Yoshihiro Kawaoka ku Yunivesite ya Wisconsin lapeza njira yowonjezerapo kawopsedwe ka kachilombo ka chimfine ndi maulendo 200. Kodi cholinga chofufuziraku ndi chowopsa bwanji ndipo chifukwa chiyani UW iyenera kuchilikiza?

A: Uyu ndi wasayansi yemwenso ndiamwalira yemwe adzutsa kachilombo ka Spain Flu kaamba ka Pentagon kuti akwaniritse zolinga zake. Monga mayunivesite onse aku US, Bucky Badger U. amalandila ndalama zonse zofufuzira kuchokera kunja. Kuno ku Chief Illiniwak University adavomereza poyera kuti amatenga masenti a 51 pa kafukufuku aliyense $ 1 Buck yomwe idabwera kuchokera kunja ndikuti "ipitilire." Ku ma University University aku America lero, zokambirana za ndalama ndi mfundo zimayenda. Matala Harvard Wanga Disalma siabwinonso, palibe woipa, komanso wosiyana.

Q: Pa 1980-88 Iraq-Iran nkhondo, Reagan White House idakwaniritsa kugulitsa kwa Pentagon zida zankhondo zopangira zida zankhondo ndi mpweya wa poizoni ku Iraq komwe Saddam Hussein adagwiritsa ntchito polimbana ndi Iran ndi ochepa ake achikurdi? A Kurds osachepera 5,000 adaphedwa ndi gasi. Ndipo, malinga ndi magazini ya Time ya Januware 20, 2014, CIA idaganiza kuti Iran idafa anthu 50,000. Kodi izi sizikutsimikizira kuti White House idagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda moipa?

Yankho: Zowonadi zida zamafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosaloledwa. Kuphatikiza apo, bungwe la Reagan lidatumiza othandizira zida zapadera zankhondo kwa Saddam Hussein ku Iraq m'chiyembekezo ndikuyembekeza kuti atenga zida zawo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi Iran. Adawakonzera zida. Pakadali pano sindinawone umboni kuti adagwiritsa ntchito bioweapons motsutsana ndi Iran kapena Kurds. Koma zida zankhondo ziwiri izi zomwe Saddam Hussein adayamika Reagan ndipo a Neo-Cons "adabwezera" magulu ankhondo aku US pomwe adalowa Iraq ku 1991. "Blowback "yu adachita gawo labwino mu Gulf War Syndrome yomwe idavutitsa asitikali aku US omwe adatenga nawo gawo ku Gulf War I motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Bush Sr. Ndikukambirana izi m'buku langa lofalitsa World Order (Clarity Press: 2004) komanso muzolemba za Britain TV ya The Nkhondo Yonyansa (1993) yopangidwa ndi kuwonetsedwa pa TV ya Independent Television Network TV4 ya Britain yomwe ndidafunsiramo ndikuwonekera.

Funso: Mwanena kuti Laborator ya National Galveston ku Texas, malo ofufuzira omwe ali ndi zida zambiri, avomereza kufunafuna omwe angathe kukhala ngati zida zankhondo zakutchire m'malo ena padziko lapansi "kuti awasandutse zida zamoyo."

A: Kulondola! Ayenera kutseka Galveston ngati chiwawa chomwe chikuchitika motsatira ma SS ndi Gestapo - kupatula kuti Galveston ndiwowopsa kwambiri kwa anthu kuposa momwe zigawenga za Hitler zidaliri. Amati ntchito yawo ndi Ebola ndi katemera, koma ukadaulo womwewo ukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Galveston ikugwira ntchito yolimbitsa Ebola monganso Ft. Detrick adayesetsa kuthana ndi matenda a anthrax. Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya biowarfare wothandizirayo nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsa chitukuko cha chida chomwe chidzaperekedwa ndi mpweya kwa anthu omwe adzapume. Ft. Detrick iyenso iyenera kutsekedwa chifukwa iyinso ndi milandu yopitilira milandu.

Q: Kupatula Ft. Detrick ndi Galveston, pali ma labotale ena omwe mumakhulupirira kuti ayenera kutsekedwa?

Y: Onsewo. Kuyambira 1981, Pentagon yakhala ikukonzekera kumenya nkhondo ndi "kupambana" pankhondo zachilengedwe popanda kudziwitsa anthu ndi kuwunikiranso. Kuphatikiza apo, mayunivesite aku America ali ndi mbiri yakalekale yololeza mothandizidwa ndi kafukufuku wawo, ofufuza, mabungwe, ndi malo opangira ma labotale kuti asankhidwe, kuwonongeka, ndikupotozedwa ndi Pentagon ndi CIA kukhala sayansi yakufa. Izi zikuphatikiza Wisconsin, North Carolina, Boston U., Harvard, MIT, Tulane, University of Chicago, ndi University yanga ya Illinois komanso ena ambiri.

Q: Kukula kwa nkhondo zachilengedwe kumafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri komanso malo osungira otetezeka. Palibe gulu lotchedwa "uchigawenga" lomwe limadziwika kuti lili ndi chilichonse chofunikira. Kupatula America, ndi mayiko ati omwe ali ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a biowarfare?

A: US, UK, Russia, France, China, Israel, motsimikiza. Pali maiko ena angapo omwe US ​​idakhazikitsa ma label satellite amoyo.

Q: Kodi pali chilichonse chosindikizidwa pazomwe USG idagwiritsa ntchito biowarfare kuyambira 9/11? Ndikuganiza kuti yanyamuka monga zina zomwe Pentagon ikutulutsa.

A: Inde, pali ziwonetsero zomwe zidafotokozedwa pamawu awa. Nthawi yotsiriza yomwe ndidawerengera kuchokera kwa iwo ndalama zomwe zidali pafupi $ 100 biliyoni. Poyerekeza, mu 2012 Dollars tidawononga $ 30 Bilion pa Manhattan Project kupanga mabomu a atomu omwe panthawiyo adagwiritsa ntchito kuwononga Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki. Mutha kuwona buku langa la The Criminality of Nuclear Deterrence (Clarity Press: 2002), chaputala 2, The Lessons of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Chifukwa chake choyambilira cham'mbuyomu ndi kufananizira ndizowoneka bwino kuti Chizindikiro cha US Offensive Biowarfare chapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu kwinakwake. Mphamvu yomwe ndalamayo ili nayo ikuwonjezeka mosagwiritsa ntchito zida.

Q: Kodi posachedwa Pentagon imatumiza kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a anthrax kupita ku ma laboratories 86 pano ndi mayiko 7 akunja, ikutsutsa zomwe mudachita posamalira mosasamala za tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa?

Yankho: Inde. Koma sindimakhulupirira kuti pali china "chosasamala" kapena "mwangozi" chilichonse cha izi. Pentagon amadziwa bwino zomwe akuchita. Sali "osakwanira" ku Pentagon. Izi zinali dala. Monga momwe anthrax anaukira October 2001 anali adala.

Q: Mukutsutsa kuti fakitale yamafakitale yaku America ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) ikutaya katemera wowopsa ku West Africa komwe anthu akuvutika kale ndi Ebola. NTHAWI IMODZI angatenge nawo mbali bwanji? Kodi mungathe kumvetsetsa?

A: Choyamba, kuti apange ndalama. Chachiwiri, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu akuda aku West Africa - kuphana. WHO ndi bungwe lotsogola la BIG PHARMA.

Q: Akuyerekeza kuti aku America aku 36,000 akumwalira chaka chilichonse ndi chimfine. Mosiyana ndi izi, ndi anthu asanu okha aku America omwe adamwalira ndi matenda a anthrax ndipo zidabwerera ku 2001. Komabe, National Institutes of Health (NIH) mu 2006, chaka chachuma, adalandira $ 120 miliyoni okha kuchokera ku Congress kuti amenyane ndi chimfine koma $ 1.76-biliyoni " biodefense ”?

A: Kulondola! Magawo osokoneza ndalama omwe akuwonetsedwa kuti akuwonetsa kuti choyambirira sichikukweza Bungwe la Health Health la nzika zaku America koma kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha US Offusive Biowarfare Industry chomwe tsiku lina chidzabwezera "anthu aku America omwe ali ndi mliri."

Funso: Asayansi omwe amatsutsa zomwe Pentagon imachita amaumirira kuti chitetezo chazankhondo zankhondo sichingathandize; kuti munthu aliyense adzayenera kulandira katemera wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Popeza izi mwina ndizosatheka sikuti kugwiritsa ntchito kokhako kodzitchinjiriza ndikuphatikizira kugwiritsa ntchito zoyipa?

Yankho: Tikusungira katemera wogulira anthu wamba komanso anthu amisili ngati aganiza zopereka ndalama zotsutsana. Fotokozerani za lamulo ladziko, "Ife Anthu a United States" tidzayenera kudzisamalira tokha momwe tingathere ndi ntchito zathu zantchito zandalama zochepa komanso zosakwanira zomwe zadyedwa ndi ndalama mwadala kuti tidyetse US America Yopanda Zowawa Zoyimira.

Funso: Posachedwapa, Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter adauza omvera ku St. Louis kuti, "Ndinu ena mwa akatswiri andale, akatswiri azachipatala, komanso akatswiri azamayendedwe amtunduwu… akatswiri azamoyo," ndi zina zotero Inde. Ndi antchito angati omwe Pentagon tsopano ili nawo pantchito yankhondo yamajeremusi ndipo ikulipira anthu aku America ndalama zingati?

Yankho: Mwambiri ndawerenga kuti pano za asayansi akumwalira a 13,000 ku America masiku ano akuchita ntchito zonyansa zamanyumba omwe amadzitcha "asayansi amoyo." Dokotala Mengele angadzitame chifukwa cha onse! Monga Doctor Strangelove adati: "Mein Fuhrer, nditha kuyenda!" Zaka 70 nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha a Nazi apambana.

Funso: Popeza zonsezi pamwambapa, zikuwoneka kuti simungaganizire kuti Pentagon ikupanga zida zankhondo zazikulu kwambiri ngati njira yowopsezera dziko lapansi? Kupatula apo, idakhazikika pazoyala za 900 kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi momwe ingathe, ndikuchita, kugunda pogwiritsa ntchito zida zankhanza, ndipo yagwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu wankhondo zosavomerezeka pomenya nkhondo yake ndi Iraq.

Yankho: Inde. Koma osati kuwopseza chabe. Pentagon ndi CIA ali okonzeka, ofunitsitsa, ndipo amatha kuyambitsa njira zamtunduwu akakwaniritsa zofuna zawo. Adzaukira kale a American People ndi Congress ndikulembetsa Republic yathu ndi anthrax yapamwamba kwambiri pazida za October 2001. Adzakhumudwitsanso mayiko akunja ndi mitundu ya anthu ikawoneka yabwino. Ifenso! Ali ndi kuchuluka kwa anthrax apamwamba kwambiri omwe adagwiritsa ntchito kale kutizunza mu October 2001.

Q: Zikomo, Pulofesa Francis Boyle.

A: Zikomo kwambiri pochita kuyankhulana kumeneku.

(Sherwood Ross m'mbuyomu adalemba lipoti la Chicago Daily News ndi mabizinesi ena akuluakulu ndi ma waya, ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati Director wa Public Affairs ku WOL Radio, Washington, DC Pano akugwira ntchito ya Anti-War News Service ku Miami, FL. Fikira iye ku sherwoodross@gmail.com )