Biden Ayenera Kuyimitsa B-52s Kuphulitsa Mizinda ya Afghanistani

Wolemba Medea Benjamin & Nicolas JS Davies

zisanu ndi zinayi Akuluakulu azigawo ku Afghanistan agonjetsedwa ndi a Taliban masiku asanu ndi limodzi - Zaranj, Sheberghan, Sar-e-Pul, Kunduz, Taloqan, Aybak, Farah, Pul-e-Khumri ndi Faizabad - pomenyera nkhondo zikupitilira zina zinayi - Lashkargah, Kandahar, Herat & Mazar-i-Sharif. Akuluakulu ankhondo aku US tsopano akukhulupirira kuti Kabul, likulu la Afghanistan, atha kulowa mwezi umodzi kapena itatu.

Ndizowopsa kuwona imfa, chiwonongeko ndi kusamutsidwa kwa anthu masauzande ambiri aku Afghans omwe akuchita mantha komanso kupambana kwa a Taliban olakwika omwe adalamulira dzikolo zaka 20 zapitazo. Koma kugwa kwa boma lokhazikika, loipa lomwe lidalimbikitsidwa ndi maulamuliro akumadzulo linali losapeweka, kaya chaka chino, chaka chamawa kapena zaka khumi kuchokera pano.

Purezidenti Biden adachitapo kanthu kunyazitsidwa kwa chipale chofewa ku America m'manda a maufumu potumizanso nthumwi yaku US Zalmay Khalilzad ku Doha kukalimbikitsa boma ndi a Taliban kuti apeze yankho pandale, nthawi yomweyo akutumiza Mabomba a B-52 kukamenyana ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwirizi.

In Lashkargah, likulu la chigawo cha Helmand, kuphulika kwa bomba ku US akuti kwawononga kale sukulu yasekondale komanso chipatala. Bomba lina la B-52 Chiheberi, likulu la chigawo cha Jowzjan komanso nyumba ya wankhondo wankhondo ndikuimbidwa mlandu wachifwamba wankhondo Abdul Rashid Dostum, yemwe tsopano ndi mkulu wankhondo a gulu lankhondo lothandizidwa ndi US.

Panthawiyi, a New York Times akuti US Wokolola ma drones ndi Mfuti ya AC-130 akugwirabe ntchito ku Afghanistan.

Kugawika kwamsangamsanga kwa asitikali aku Afghanistan omwe US ​​ndi mabungwe ake akumadzulo alemba, kukhala ndi zida komanso kuphunzitsa zaka 20 pa mtengo pafupifupi $ 90 biliyoni sayenera kudabwitsa. Pepala, Gulu Lankhondo Laku Afghanistan lachita Asilikali a 180,000. Ankhondo aku Afghanistan nawonso wodabwitsa chifukwa cha katangale ndi kusayendetsa bwino kwake.

Asitikali komanso apolisi omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso osatetezeka omwe anthu atalikirana ndi malo oyang'anira mdziko lonselo akuvulala kwambiri, kuwonongeka mwachangu komanso kuthawa. Asitikali ambiri amamva wopanda kukhulupirika kuboma loyipa lothandizidwa ndi US ndipo nthawi zonse amasiya ntchito zawo, mwina kuti alowe nawo a Taliban kapena kungopita kwawo.

Pamene BBC inafunsa General Khoshal Sadat, wamkulu wa apolisi mdziko lonse, za momwe anthu ovulala kwambiri amapezera apolisi mu February 2020, iye mokayikira adayankha, "Mukayang'ana olemba ntchito, nthawi zonse ndimaganizira za mabanja aku Afghanistan komanso kuchuluka kwa ana omwe ali nawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti palibe amuna azaka zakumenya nkhondo omwe azitha kulowa nawo gululi. ”

Koma a apolisi amatenga ntchito pamalo odikirira anafunsa cholinga chenicheni cha nkhondoyi, akuuza Nanna Muus Steffensen wa BBC kuti, "Asilamu tonse ndi abale. Tilibe vuto ndi anzathu. ” Zikatero, adamufunsa, chifukwa chiyani akumenyana? Anazengereza, kuseka mwamantha ndikupukusa mutu kuti atule pansi udindo. “Mukudziwa chifukwa chake. Ndikudziwa chifukwa chake, ”adatero. “Sizowonadi wathu ndewu. ”

Kuyambira 2007, miyala yamtengo wapatali yamaphunziro ankhondo aku US ndi azungu ku Afghanistan ndi Afghanistan Magulu a Commando kapena magulu ankhondo apadera, omwe ali ndi 7% yokha ya asitikali ankhondo aku Afghanistan koma akuti amachita 70 mpaka 80% ya nkhondoyi. Koma a Commandos adalimbana ndi cholinga chofuna kupeza anthu usilikali, kuwapatsa zida ndi kuwaphunzitsa asitikali a 30,000, komanso kulembedwa ntchito kochokera ku Pashtuns, fuko lalikulu kwambiri komanso mwamwambo, lakhala vuto lalikulu, makamaka kuchokera kudera la Pashtun kumwera.

Commandos ndi akatswiri apolisi a Gulu Lankhondo Laku Afghanistan akulamulidwa ndi mafuko a Tajik, makamaka olowa m'malo mwa Northern Alliance omwe US ​​idathandizira motsutsana ndi a Taliban zaka 20 zapitazo. Kuyambira mu 2017, ma Commandos anali owerengeka okha 16,000 ku 21,000, ndipo sizikudziwika kuti ndi angati mwa asitikali ophunzitsidwa Kumadzulowa omwe tsopano ndi gawo lomaliza lachitetezo pakati pa boma la zidole lothandizidwa ndi US ndikugonjetsedwa kwathunthu.

Kulanda mwachangu komanso munthawi yomweyo madera ambiri a Taliban mdziko lonselo zikuwoneka ngati njira yodzetsa nkhawa ndikupititsa gulu lankhondo laling'ono lophunzitsidwa bwino, lokhala ndi zida zankhondo. Anthu aku Taliban apambana kupambana kukhulupirika kwa anthu ochepa kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kuposa asitikali aboma omwe adalemba a Pashtuns ochokera Kumwera, ndipo magulu ochepa aboma ophunzitsidwa bwino sangakhale paliponse nthawi imodzi.

Koma bwanji za United States? Kutumizidwa kwake kwa Mabomba a B-52, Wokolola ma drones ndi Mfuti ya AC-130 ndi yankho lankhanza chifukwa chakulephera, kuwononga mphamvu zachifumu kugonjetsedwa kochititsa manyazi, kochititsa manyazi.

United States sichimachita mantha kupha anthu ambiri adani ake. Tangowonani chiwonongeko chotsogozedwa ndi US cha Fallujah ndi Mosul ku Iraq, ndi Raqqa ku Syria. Ndi anthu angati aku America omwe amadziwa za ovomerezeka mwalamulo kuphedwa kwa anthu wamba kuti asitikali aku Iraq adachita pomwe mgwirizano wotsogozedwa ndi US pomaliza pake udalanda Mosul ku 2017, Purezidenti Trump atanena kuti ziyenera kutero "Kutulutsa mabanja" a omenyera nkhondo achi Islamic State?

Zaka makumi awiri kuchokera pamene Bush, Cheney ndi Rumsfeld anachita milandu yambiri yankhondo, kuyambira kuzunza ndi kupha dala za anthu wamba kupita ku "mlandu waukulu wapadziko lonse" wa nkhanza, Biden mwachiwonekere alibe nkhawa monga momwe amachitira ndi mlandu kapena kuweruzidwa kwa mbiriyakale. Koma ngakhale kuchokera pamalingaliro okonda chidwi komanso osaganizira, zomwe zingapitilize kuwombera mlengalenga mizinda yaku Afghanistan zikukwaniritsa, kupatula kumapeto komaliza koma kopanda tanthauzo kwa kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Afghanistan kwa zaka 20 ku US ndi pa 80,000 Mabomba aku America ndi zoponya?

The mwaluntha ndipo mwaukadaulo bankirapuse yaku US ndi CIA ili ndi mbiri yodzithokoza chifukwa chakupambana kwakanthawi. Idalengeza mwachangu kupambana ku Afghanistan mu 2001 ndipo idayamba kutsanzira kupambana komwe akuganiza kuti agonjetsa Iraq. Kenako kupambana kwakanthawi kantchito yawo yosintha boma ku 2011 ku Libya kudalimbikitsa United States ndi anzawo kuti atembenuke Al Qaeda lotayirira ku Syria, komwe kwakhala zaka khumi zachiwawa zosasunthika komanso chisokonezo komanso kuwuka kwa Islamic State.

Momwemonso, Biden satha kuwerengeka ndipo chinyengo alangizi achitetezo adziko akuwoneka kuti akumulimbikitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zomwezi zomwe zidafafaniza mizinda ya Islamic State ku Iraq ndi Syria kuti akaukire mizinda yomwe ili ndi Taliban ku Afghanistan.

Koma Afghanistan si Iraq kapena Syria. 26% yokha a Afghani amakhala m'mizinda, poyerekeza ndi 71% ku Iraq ndi 54% ku Syria, ndipo malo a Taliban sakhala m'mizinda koma akumidzi komwe magawo ena atatu a Afghans amakhala. Ngakhale amathandizidwa ndi Pakistan pazaka zambiri, a Taliban si gulu lowukira ngati Islamic State ku Iraq koma gulu ladziko lankhondo laku Afghanistan lomwe lakhala likulimbana kwa zaka 20 kuthamangitsa mayiko akunja omwe akukhala mdzikolo.

M'madera ambiri, asitikali aboma aku Afghanistan sanathawe a Taliban, monga ankhondo aku Iraq adachita kuchokera ku Islamic State, koma adapita nawo. Pa Ogasiti 9th, a Taliban amakhala Aybak, likulu la chigawo chachisanu ndi chimodzi kugwa, mtsogoleri wankhondo wakomweko ndi omenyera ake 250 atavomera kulumikizana ndi a Taliban ndipo kazembe wa chigawo cha Samangan adapereka mzindawo kwa iwo.

Tsiku lomwelo, wokambirana wamkulu waboma la Afghanistan, a Abdullah Abdullah, anabwerera ku Doha zokambirana zina zamtendere ndi a Taliban. Omugwirizira aku America akuyenera kumufotokozera bwino iye ndi boma lake, komanso a Taliban, kuti United States ichirikiza zoyesayesa zilizonse kuti zisinthe mwamtendere.

Koma United States siyiyenera kupitiliza kuphulitsa bomba ndikupha anthu aku Afghanistan kuti apatse boma la zidole lothandizidwa ndi US kupewa zopewera zovuta koma zofunikira pagome lazokambirana kuti zibweretse mtendere kwa anthu oleza mtima, otopa ndi nkhondo ku Afghanistan. Kuphulitsa mizinda yolandidwa ndi a Taliban komanso anthu omwe akukhalamo ndi njira yankhanza komanso milandu yomwe Purezidenti Biden akuyenera kusiya.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa United States ndi anzawo ku Afghanistan tsopano kukuwoneka kuti kukuchitika mwachangu kuposa kugwa kwa South Vietnam pakati pa 1973 ndi 1975. Kutenga pagulu kuchokera pakugonjetsedwa kwa US ku Southeast Asia kunali "matenda a Vietnam," kukana kulowererapo kwa asitikali akunja omwe adatenga zaka zambiri.

Pamene tikuyandikira zaka 20 zakumenyedwa kwa 9/11, tiyenera kulingalira momwe oyang'anira a Bush adagwiritsira ntchito ludzu la anthu aku US lakubwezera kuti atulutse nkhondoyi yamagazi, yowopsa komanso yopanda pake.

Phunziro la zomwe zachitikira America ku Afghanistan liyenera kukhala "matenda a Afghanistan," olepheretsa anthu kumenya nkhondo omwe amalepheretsa kuwukira kwa asitikali aku US mtsogolo, akukana kuyesayesa kukhazikitsa maboma amitundu ina ndikupangitsa kudzipereka kwatsopano ku America ku mtendere, zokambirana ndi zida zankhondo.

Medea Benjamin ndi amene amapanga CODEPINK kwa Mtendere, ndi wolemba mabuku angapo, kuphatikiza M'kati mwa Iran: The Real History and Politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Nicolas JS Davies ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira payekha, wofufuza ndi CODEPINK komanso wolemba wa Magazi Pa Manja Athu: Kuthamangira ku America ndi Kuwonongedwa kwa Iraq.