Wolemba Victor Grossman, Berlin Bulletin No. 202, June 14, 2022
Malingaliro a anthu ku Germany ndi opambana - komanso osinthika - monga kwina kulikonse: "Imitsani kuwukira kwa Russia!" - "Tetezani Ukraine!" - "Tumizani ndalama" - "Zida zambiri, zazikulu, zofikira!" - "Gonjetsani Russia!" Kupititsa patsogolo izi ndi kampeni yodzaza ndi media. Palibe wandale amene saloledwa; Ngakhale Purezidenti Frank-Walter Steinmeier ndi Chancellor wakale Angela Merkel akukakamizika kuti apereke zifukwa zoyesera zakale kuti athetseretu ndikuchepetsa mikangano ndi Russia, yomwe tsopano akuti "chisangalalo". (Steinmeier wapepesa monyanyira, Merkel amakana kutero.) Ndipo maitanidwe oteteza Ukraine akukula: tsopano tikuuzidwa kuti titeteze "malamulo athu a demokarasi" mu nkhondo yatsopano.
Nthawi iliyonse yakhala ndi kuyitanira kwake kuti amenyane ndi Mphamvu Zoipa. Kamodzi chinali Anarchism, ndiye Bolshevism, Chikominisi. Pambuyo pogonjetsa zoopsazo, zinafunikanso zatsopano; mu 2001 chinali Chigawenga. Ndi mawu owopsa amenewo akusokonekera, akusinthidwa ndi Authoritarianism. The gargoyle kuyang'ana pa ife kuchokera m'magazini - pambuyo pa imfa ya Stalin, Mao ndi Fidel ndi Saddam Hussein, Osama bin Laden, Gaddafi kuchotsedwa - tsopano ndi scowling Putin. Ndipo pamodzi ndi iye Russia, yomwe iyenera kuchotsedwa, kuloledwa, kusweka, njala, ndipo koposa zonse, kugonjetsedwa. Sindinamvepo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwachindunji kwa liwu loti "kuphulitsidwa," koma zida zakonzeka, ndi $ 800 biliyoni pachaka ku USA, pafupifupi kakhumi ndi katatu bajeti yankhondo yaku Russia, osawerengera ena ku NATO. Ku Germany, pamwamba pa zomwe zidawononga kale zankhondo, thumba lapadera la € 100 biliyoni idawonjezedwa, atalandira 2/3 yanyumba yamalamulo yofunikira kuti ithetse malire a malamulo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kumangokhalira kulimbikitsa ndi kukonzanso Bundeswehr, kwa ndege za F-35, zomwe zimatha kugwetsa mabomba a atomiki ku Moscow mu nthawi yodziwika bwino, kwa zombo zankhondo zomwe zimatha kutera pamphepete mwa nyanja, kwa akasinja atsopano, owopsa kwambiri.
Zonsezi ndi "kukwaniritsa chitetezo". Malire aku Germany sakuwopsezedwa, koma kuwukira kwa Ukraine, akuti, kumatsimikizira zolinga za Putin zobwezeretsanso dera la USSR kapena ufumu wa czarist. Ndiye ndani akudziwa? Ndipo kuyimba kulikonse kuganiza, kukankhira mgwirizano ndi zokambirana m'malo mofuna kuti agonjetse ndi "kuwononga" Russia, kuthamangitsa Putin ndikumuzenga mlandu, akutsutsidwa ngati kusangalatsa, ndi zonena za Pangano la Munich la 1938, pomwe Neville Chamberlain ndi French. Prime Minister Daladier adagulitsa Czechoslovakia.
Ndikuwonanso zofanana, koma zosiyana kwambiri. Cholinga chachikulu cha Hitler, chomwe chinalengezedwa mu Pangano lake la Anti-Comintern ndi Italy ndi Japan, chinali kuukira ndi kuwononga USSR, kulanda chuma cha mlengalenga wake waukulu ndikuyandikira ku hegemony, ndi Japan, ku Eurasia yonse.
Kodi “Akumadzulo” ankawaona bwanji mapulani oterowo? Pamsonkhano wachinsinsi pa November 19 1937, Lord Halifax, woimira Britain, anayamikira Hitler “kuti Fuehrer sanangopeza zinthu zazikulu mu Germany, komanso kuti mwa kuwononga chikomyunizimu m’dziko lakwawo anatsekereza njira yopita ku Ulaya ndipo chifukwa chake Germany. angaonedwe moyenerera kukhala chotetezera ku Bolshevism.”
Mayiko a Kumadzulo, ngakhale kuti sanali afascist, ankasilira chidani cha Hitler pa USSR ndipo ankayembekeza kuti akhoza kuwuukira ndi kuuwononga, motero kuthetsa chiwopsezo chilichonse cha sosholisti. Izi zidawonetsa izi pothandizira Hitler, Mussolini ndi Franco ku Spain, osanena kunong'onezana kosagwirizana ndi kulandidwa kwa Nazi ku Austria, kuvomereza nsembe ya Czechoslovakia yomwe idabweretsa Germany kumalire a Russia, ndikukana kuyimba kwa nduna yakunja ya Soviet Litvinov League of Nations ya "chitetezo chogwirizana" motsutsana ndi kukula kwa Germany. Chiyembekezo cha Litvinov cha mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi fascism chinafa ndi Kumadzulo kuzindikira mwamsanga kupambana kwa Franco pa April 1 1939. Patangotha sabata imodzi Stalin adapeza zotsatira zake, adachotsa Litvinov ndikuyika wolowa m'malo mwake, Molotov, kuti apange mgwirizano ndi Germany.
Monga Litvinov anathirira ndemanga: Atsogoleri a Britain ndi France “… anali atachita zonse zomwe akanatha kulimbikitsa Germany ya Hitler motsutsana ndi Soviet Union mwa mapangano achinsinsi ndi zokopa…. wa kudzipatula kotheratu, anakakamizika kupanga chosankha chovuta ndi kupanga pangano lopanda chiwawa ndi Germany.”
Zaka ziwiri zomwe adapeza zidapangitsa kuti Red Army itulutse Berlin itheke, koma anthu opitilira 50 miliyoni atamwalira, pafupifupi 27 miliyoni aiwo anali nzika za Soviet. Zochitika pambuyo pokana Kumadzulo kwa Litvinov kukana "chitetezo chamagulu" zinali zamagazi komanso zowononga. Momwemonso ndizochitika za 2022. Zoonadi dziko lapansi ndi losiyana kwambiri ndipo ngakhale NATO, Putin kapena Ukraine ndi Nazi Germany. Koma sizinali mfundo za USA kukakamiza NATO kuyandikira pafupi ndi Russia, kumanga oyandikana nawo ankhondo, ndikuwopseza malire pachaka, kukonza zokwiyira ngati putsch motsutsana ndi purezidenti wosankhidwa waku Ukraine mu 2014 chifukwa chofuna malonda ndi Russia ndi Kumadzulo. ? Kodi sikunali kuyesera kuzungulira Russia kwathunthu, kufooketsa chuma chake, ndicholinga chomaliza cha "kusintha kwaulamuliro" ndi pawn ngati Yeltsin yopereka mwayi wofikira kudera lalikulu komanso njira yowukira chotchinga chachikulu chomaliza kudziko lapansi. , China? Kodi mfundo zaposachedwa za US (motero NATO) sizikumbukira kukakamizidwa kwakummawa kwakale - kotchedwa "cordon sanitaire," "containment" kapena "rollback"?
Mgwirizano woyipawu wa Stalin ndi Hitler unafunikira chifukwa chowopseza kwambiri. Kodi Putin adawona zomwe zidachitika pano mofananamo? Sitingathe kudziwa. Zachidziwikire kuti adawona momwe dziko la Ukraine likukhalira ndi zida zankhondo za Javelin antitank, zida zamakono, ma drones ndi ma howitzers omwe amawotcha zipolopolo zakupha za Excalibur "molondola kwambiri". Ankadziwa zakupha, zophatikizana za US-Ukrainian "zofufuza zachilengedwe," monga adavomereza Undersecretary of State Victoria Nuland (mkulu yemweyo yemwe adatsogolera 2014 putsch ku Kyiv). Ndipo sitiyenera kungolingalira zomwe Washington ingatenge ngati dziko la China likuchita zida zankhondo zamphamvu ku Tijuana kapena Baja California; Titha kuyang'ana kuwukira kwa Bay of Pigs kapena kuukira kwa Guatemala, Grenada, Panama, Dominican Republic, osatchula Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, onse akutali ndi Washington kapena New York. Mwamwayi, chiwopsezo cha miyoyo ndi kuwonongeka ku Ukraine sichinafikepo mu zina mwazowukirazi. Zofunika kuyaka lero; manambala amenewo asafikiridwe konse!
Koma ngakhale kufananitsa kovomerezeka ndi zoopsa zakale kapena zamakono sikungathe kuchepetsa gawo la boma la Putin pamlandu wa zoopsa zomwe zikuchitika! Komanso sangagonjetse nkhawa kuti Putin mwina akulota za Czar Peter, wa Greater Russia, akumakana ufulu waku Ukraine wodziyimira pawokha komanso wodzilamulira. Komanso zoneneza za ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi sizilungamitsa kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuwonongedwa kwa matauni, mizinda ndi mabanja ambiri, ngakhale kuli gulu lachipembedzo la Bandera komanso mphamvu za achifwamba a Azov. N'zosakayikitsa kuti kuukira kwakukulu kwa mayiko a Donbas olankhula Chirasha kunakonzedweratu ndipo Putin anasuntha kuti aletse. Koma kodi kuwukira kunali njira yokhayo yodzitetezera? Sindinganene.
Pali zambiri zomwe sitikuzidziwa. Koma pakhoza kukhala yankho limodzi lokha pakuwonjezeka kwamakono, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa nkhondo zaku America zokhudzana ndi zisankho, zida zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zidzawononge miyoyo yambiri, makamaka za Chiyukireniya - komanso kuopsa kwa nkhondo ya atomiki. Yankho liyenera kukhala kukakamiza Biden ndi Johnson, Baerbock ndi Scholz kuti athandizire zokambirana ndi mtendere. Kuyankha motere kungakhale kovuta, ndikuganiza kuti kuyenera kukhala pamwamba pa ndandanda, padziko lonse lapansi, pakupita patsogolo kulikonse! Ndipo zikutanthawuzanso kulandira malingaliro ofanana ndi khamu losakanizika kwambiri kuphatikiza Erdogan ku Turkey, Papa ku Roma, atsogoleri olimba mtima a Lutheran ku Germany komanso ngakhale gulu lankhondo lakale la Kissinger.
Kuyitana kwamtendere kumamvekanso mkati mwa Russia, ngakhale akuyesera kuyiletsa. Ndikuyembekeza kuti idzabala zipatso - koma osati kwa anthu aku Russia omwe akufuna chigonjetso cha NATO - ndi ulamuliro umodzi winanso!
Ku Germany, zoyesayesa zofooka zopewera kukangana kwathunthu ndi kugwirira ntchito mwamtendere zidamveka kuchokera kwa Chancellor Olaf Scholz, wa Social Democrat, yemwe adayesa mwachidule kuyang'ana zam'tsogolo, pomwe Europe idalandidwa gawo lake la Russia, yogwirizana mosagwirizana ndi izi, siziyenera kukhala zosatheka. . Koma mawu amantha kumbali iyi posakhalitsa adatsutsidwa ndi omwe adagwirizana nawo: mapiko amanja a Free Democrats, okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito mabiliyoni ambiri kunkhondo ndi zida koma osapereka msonkho kwa mabiliyoni ambiri, ndipo a Greens, omwe adawonedwa ngati akupita patsogolo, omwe tsopano akutchedwa " Olive-Greens ”, ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja Annalena Baerbock mokweza kwambiri m'gulu lankhanza, kupitilira ngakhale wamkulu wa European Union Commission Ursula von der Layen. Scholz akudziwa kuti kukaniza mnzawo aliyense kumatha kumiza chombo chake chamgwirizano ndikuthetsa ukaputeni wake. Onse awiri (ndi chipani chake) adalowa nawo mosangalala m'mabungwe ambiri aboma ndi a Christian Democrats olondola ndipo atha kuyesanso mdziko lonse. Mantha ake pakuthawitsidwa kwawo atha kufotokozera kuthandizira kwake kwakukulu kwa phukusi lankhondo la € 100 biliyoni. Koma mchitidwewu ndi wamphamvu ku Ulaya konse, monga momwe tikuonera pa zoyesayesa za Sweden ndi Finland kuti asiye miyambo yakale ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulowa nawo NATO. A Bellicose "Atlanticists" agwiritsa ntchito nkhondo ya Ukraine kuti akondweretse Pentagon ndi Raytheons ndikugonjetsa pragmatic, okonda bizinesi olimbikitsa malonda ndi kuyanjana ndi Russia ndi China.
Olaf Scholz tsopano akufuna kuyiwala chipongwe cham'mbuyomu kuchokera ku Kyiv ndikupita kukacheza, pamodzi ndi Emmanuel Macron ndi Prime Minister waku Italy Mario Draghi, onse akukayika mpaka pano koma akuwopa zoneneza zonena kuti ndi opusa, atatuwa amvera Zelenskyy. kulimbikira kufuna zida zankhondo. Mosakayikira sadzakumana ndi zochititsa manyazi ngati mbendera za Nazi, zizindikiro ndi zojambula zamagulu ankhondo a Azov kapena kupita kuziboliboli zazikulu za Bandera.
Scholz wapereka kale ulendo woyamba wa boma ku Vilnius, kumene adatsimikizira akuluakulu a boma la Lithuania, Latvia ndi Estonia kuti Germany ikuwaganizira ndipo idzatumiza asilikali ambiri ku mayiko awo, pafupi ndi Russia St. Petersburg ndi Kaliningrad. Sipanatchulidwepo za kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Hitler kuderali la Baltic poukira USSR mu 1941 ndikuzinga Leningrad kwa zaka 2½, kapena kutenga nawo gawo mwachangu kwa odzipereka a Baltic m'magulu a SS omwe akumenyera Hitler. Paulendowu palibe maulendo achikhalidwe, otetezedwa ndi apolisi a asilikali ankhondo a SS ndi othandizira omwe adachitika; katchulidwe kawo kameneka kasinthiratu ku Ukraine.
Pamene mphepo zakumadzulo zinali kuwomba mwamphamvu, mwa zina chifukwa cha chifundo ndi mgwirizano, zina zodetsedwa ndi fungo la dziko ndi chidani, kumene ku Germany kunali DIE LINKE, The Left, chipani chomwe mwamwambo chimayimira mtendere ndi kutsutsa mpikisano wa zida? Mwachisoni, kuli bwino osafunsa!
Pambuyo pa zotsatira zake zoopsa pachisankho cha dziko la Seputembala watha, pomwe idatsika mpaka 4.9%, kutsika kuchokera pa 9.9% mu 2017 ndipo idakanikiziranso ku Bundestag chifukwa cha lamulo lomwe, ngati nthumwi zitatu kapena kupitilira apo zidasankhidwa mwachindunji ndi zigawo zawo, proportional representation (PR) inayamba kugwira ntchito. Atatu okha anapambana, aŵiri ku Berlin, mmodzi ku Leipzig, chotero chipanicho chinakhalabe mu Bundestag, koma sichinalinso chipani chachikulu chotsutsa chokhala ndi mipando 69 koma chofooka kwambiri, kufika pa 39. Kusintha kwakukulu kunali kofulumira! Koma sanapangidwe, ndipo mu zisankho zitatu za boma, Kumanzere kunatayikanso mowopsa.
Ngakhale kutenga nawo mbali m'mabungwe anayi a boma, ku Berlin, Bremen, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania ndi Thuringia, kukhalapo kwa chipanichi kunali pangozi. Kugunda kwakukulu kunachitika mu Epulo, pomwe wapampando mnzake wa "reformist" Susanne Hennig-Wellsow adatula pansi udindo wake, chifukwa cha "mayi ake" monga mayi koma ndikuwukira mobisa kwa wapampando mnzake wankhondo, Janine Wissler, kutengera Nkhani yolakwika kwambiri m'magazini achinyengo a Der Spiegel, yemwe nthawi zonse amakhala mdani wa Die Linke, yemwe adalemba zabodza za Wissler kubisa zomwe mnzake wakale adamuchitira. Pafupifupi ogwirizana ndi anthu omwe amawakonda kuseri kwazithunzi komanso owongolera, idalemba za momwe Die Linke amachitira molakwika "kugonana".
Chifukwa chosiya udindo wa wapampando wapampando, zisankho zambiri zagonjetsedwa, komanso milandu yokhudzana ndi kugonana ikuwuluka (ngakhale Die Linke ili ndi akazi ambiri mu nthumwi zake za Bundestag komanso m'malamulo a boma), adaganiza zosankha utsogoleri watsopano paphwando. Msonkhano ku Erfurt pa June 24-26. Pokana kuzunzidwa kopanda chilungamo kwawayilesi, Janis Wissner adzathamangiranso paudindo wapamwamba. Popeza iye ndi wamkazi wakumanzere waku West Germany, mwina mpando-mpando atha kukhala mwamuna wokonda kusintha ku East Germany.
Koma phwandoli lagawanika kwambiri. "Okonzanso," omwe adakhazikitsa kampeni yawo yowopsa chaka chatha ndi chiyembekezo cholowa nawo mgwirizano wadziko lonse ndi a Greens ndi Social Democrats, adayenera kukwirira malotowa (pakadali pano). Ngakhale zinali zotheka, chipanichi chikadayenera kusiya kutsutsa NATO ndi kutumizidwa kwa asitikali aku Germany kunkhondo ndi ntchito zakunja, monga ku Afghanistan ndi Mali, komanso kukana kwake zida zazikulu zankhondo, kapena kutumiza zida zolemetsa ku Ukraine. "Mapiko akumanzere" a Die Linke akuumirira kuti izi zikutanthauza kusiya udindo wake ngati gulu lokha lamtendere, motero kukhala lopanda ntchito: gawo lotsamira pang'ono kumanzere la Social Democratic kukhazikitsidwa, kuyiwala kutsutsa kwawo dongosolo la capitalist ndi mphamvu zake. mabiliyoni amphamvu!
Mafunso ofunikira ngati amenewa atha kukhala pakati pa mkangano ku Erfurt kumapeto kwa mwezi - komanso pakusankha apampando ndi maudindo ena onse. Kodi chipanicho chidzasankha mbali? Kodi idzapeza kulolerana? Kodi zikhoza kugawanika, kupanga magawo awiri ofooka, kusiya malo amtendere osadziwika mu Bundestag ndi atolankhani? Mu masabata awiri tiyenera kudziwa
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Ngakhale tsoka lamakono, pafupifupi anthu makumi anayi, amakumbukiranso zakale. anakumana pachipilala chaching'ono cham'mbali mwa malo osungiramo nyama ku Berlin's Lustgarten kukumbukira kulephera komvetsa chisoni.
Mu May 1942 gulu lankhondo la Nazi, pambuyo pa kupambana kwake konse kwa Blitzkrieg ndi kupindula koyambirira pakuukira kwawo ku USSR, linali litayamba kuluma pa granite. Zosintha zosayembekezereka ndi kutayika kwakukulu kunatanthauza kutsata chikhalidwe, kotero chiwonetsero chachikulu, chowonera makanema ambiri, monyodola chotchedwa "Soviet Paradise," adakhazikitsidwa kuti awonetse bwinja losauka, laumphawi la Soviet lomwe akuwononga - ndikupezanso chidwi cha "anyamata athu ovala yunifolomu".
Magulu aŵiri apansipansi, Achikomyunizimu achichepere, anaganiza zowotcha chionetserocho. Asanu kuchokera ku gulu limodzi, asanu ndi awiri kuchokera kwachiwiri, gulu lachiyuda, oletsedwa kwambiri koma osakhudzidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa, adatsogoleredwa ndi Herbert Baum, 29, waluso kwambiri, mu masewera, nyimbo, komanso kuthandizira malingaliro a Marxist - ndipo okondedwa kwambiri ndi onsewo.
Koma pa tsiku lokhazikitsidwa, May 18th 1942, zinthu zoyaka moto zobisidwa mozungulira chionetserocho zinalephera kuyatsa; chiwembucho chinapezeka ndipo pafupifupi mamembala onse a magulu onse awiri adagwidwa, kuzunzidwa, ndikutumizidwa ku guillotine. Baum anapezeka atapachikidwa m’chipinda chake. Chipilala chaching'ono ku East Berlin chinamangidwa mu 1981 ndipo chinangosinthidwa pang'ono pambuyo pa mgwirizano, zomwe zinaphimba pang'ono za USSR.
Pa Meyi 8, pokumbukira chikumbutso cha chipambano chachikulu, mazana ambiri a Berlin adayambanso ulendo wapachaka wopita ku Chikumbutso cha Soviet ku Treptow, chimodzi mwa atatu ku Berlin, ndi chifaniziro chake cha msilikali wa Red Army atanyamula mwana wamng'ono poteteza. mkono umodzi, wina lupanga, kuphwanya swastika pa mapazi ake. Udzu wautali wobiriwira pansi pa fanoli uli ndi zotsalira za asilikali a 7000 omwe, patatha zaka zinayi zankhondo zoopsa, adamwalira pankhondo yomaliza yogonjetsa Hitler fascism.
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1. Zowonjezera zina: Elon Musk wayamba kupanga magalimoto ake amagetsi mu gigafactory complex m'dera lomwe kale linali ndi matabwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Berlin, kuti likhale chomera chake chachikulu ku Ulaya.
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3. Poyesera mwachidwi, tikiti imodzi ya €9 mu June, July ndi August idzapereka mayendedwe aulere mwezi umodzi uliwonse pamayendedwe onse apansi panthaka, okwera, m'misewu, mabasi ndi masitima apamtunda, kupatula maulendo apamwamba akunja. Kuyambira pachiyambi, masitima opita ku magombe a Baltic ndi North Sea anali odzaza.
