Nthano: Nkhondo Ndi Yabwino

Mwinanso chitetezo chodziwika kwambiri pankhondo ndikuti ndizofunikira zoyipa. Nthanoyi idasinthidwa patsamba lake Pano.

Koma nkhondo imatetezedwanso ngati kuti ndi yopindulitsa m'njira ina. Zoona zake n'zakuti nkhondo sizipindulitsa anthu kumene akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo sizikupindulitsa mayiko omwe amatumiza asilikali awo kunja kukamenyana nkhondo. Ngakhalenso nkhondo sizithandiza kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa malamulo - mosiyana kwambiri. Zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi nkhondo zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri ndi zoyipa ndipo zikanapangidwa popanda nkhondo.

Zolinga ku United States kupyolera mu nkhondo ya 2003-2011 pa Iraq inapeza kuti ambiri ku US ankakhulupirira kuti Iraqi anali abwino chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe inawonongeka kwambiri - ngakhale anawononga - Iraq [1]. Anthu ambiri a ku Iraq, amakhulupirira kuti anali oipa kwambiri. [2] Ambiri ku United States ankakhulupirira kuti Iraqi ndi oyamikira. [3] Izi ndizosagwirizana pa mfundo, osati maganizo. Koma nthawi zambiri anthu amasankha mfundo zomwe amadziwa kapena kuvomereza. Anthu okhulupilira m'nkhani za Iraq "zida zowonongeka kwakukulu" ankakhulupirira Zambiri, osachepera, molimba mtima powonetsa zoona. The za Iraq sizosangalatsa, koma ndizofunika.

Nkhondo Siidapindula ndi Ozunzidwa Ake

Kukhulupirira kuti anthu omwe akukhala kumene boma la fuko lanu lachita nkhondo ndi bwino, ngakhale kuti anthu akukangana kuti ali oipitsitsa, amasonyeza kudzikuza kwakukulu - kudzikuza komwe nthawi zambiri kwakhala kudalira kutsutsana zosiyana kapena zosiyana: tsankho, chipembedzo, chinenero, chikhalidwe, kapena kupha anthu ambiri. Chisankho cha anthu ku United States kapena mtundu uliwonse wogwira ntchito ku Iraq zikanakhala zotsutsana ndi lingaliro la mtundu wawo wokhala ndi maiko akunja, ziribe kanthu zolinga zabwino. Izi ziri choncho, lingaliro la nkhondo yothandiza anthu ndi kuphwanya lamulo lofunika kwambiri la makhalidwe, lamulo la golidi lomwe limafuna kupatsa ena ulemu womwewo umene mumafuna. Ndipo izi ndi zoona ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chaumphawi cha nkhondo ndizochitika pambuyo poti zowonjezereka zowonongeka kapena zaumunthu zinali zoyambirira ndi zolungama.

Palinso vuto lalikulu lalingaliro poganiza kuti nkhondo yatsopano itha kubweretsa phindu kudziko lomwe amenyedwa, chifukwa cha mbiri yoyipa yankhondo iliyonse yomwe idachitika kale. Akatswiri pa anti-war Carnegie Endowment for Peace ndi pro-war RAND Corporation apeza kuti nkhondo zomwe zimalimbana ndikumanga mayiko zimakhala zotsika kwambiri pakupambana pakupanga ma demokalase okhazikika. Ndipo kuyeseraku kumadzuka ngati zombie kukhulupirira izi Iraq or Libya or Syria or Iran Padzakhala malo omwe nkhondo idzakhalire mosiyana.

Othandizira nkhondo zothandiza anthu angakhale oona mtima ngati ataganiza kuti zabwino zikuchitika ndi nkhondo ndi kuyeza kuwonongeka kochitika. M'malo mwake, zabwino zowonongeka zimatengedwa ngati zogwirizana ndi ntchito iliyonse. A US sanazindikire kuti Iraq yakufa. Bungwe la UN Security Council linkafuna kuti akuluakulu a bungwe la UN awononge ufulu wa anthu a ku Libyans omwe anaphedwa ndi NATO pokhapokha.

Okhulupilira mu nkhondo yothandiza anthu nthawi zambiri amasiyanitsa kuphedwa kwa nkhondo. Nkhondo yowonongeka kale ya olamulira ankhanza (nthawi zambiri olamulira ankhanza omwe aperekedwa mowolowa manja ndi awo omwe angakhale otsutsa kwa zaka makumi angapo m'mbuyomo) kawiri kawiri amabwereza mawu akuti "anapha anthu ake" (koma osamufunsa yemwe anamugulitsa zida kapena kupereka maganizo ake) . Cholinga chake n'chakuti kupha "anthu ake" ndikoipa kwambiri kuposa kupha anthu ena. Koma ngati vuto lomwe tikufuna kuthetsa ndi kupha anthu ambiri, ndiye kuti nkhondo ndi kuphana ndi abale komanso palibe choipa kuposa nkhondo imene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kupewa - ngakhale kuti nkhondoyo inalepheretsa, chiwawa.

Nkhondo zomenyedwa ndi mayiko olemera motsutsana ndi osauka zimangokhala zophera mbali imodzi; Zosiyana kwambiri ndi machitidwe opindulitsa, othandizira, kapena othandizira. Malinga ndi malingaliro wamba, nkhondo zimamenyedwera "pankhondo" - lingaliro lomwe limapereka lingaliro lothamanga ngati masewera pakati pa magulu ankhondo awiri kupatula moyo wamba. M'malo mwake, nkhondo zimamenyedwa m'matauni ndi m'nyumba za anthu. Nkhondo zimenezi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhondo zazikulu kwambiri chiwerewere zochitika zomwe zingaganizidwe, zomwe zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake maboma omwe amawagwirira iwo amawauza iwo kwa anthu awo omwe.

Nkhondozo zimasiya kuwonongeka kosatha mwa mtundu wa mowa chidani ndi chiwawa, ndi mawonekedwe a poizoni zachilengedwe. Chikhulupiliro pazinthu zothandiza zankhondo zitha kugwedezeka poyang'anitsitsa zotsatira zazifupi komanso zazitali zankhondo iliyonse. Nkhondo imakonda kusiya ngozi, osati chitetezo - mosiyana ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri yosuntha kwachisokonezo pakusintha kwakukulu. Nkhondo ndikukonzekera nkhondo kunachotsa anthu onse a Diego Garcia; wa Thule, Greenland; ambiri a Vieques, Puerto Rico; ndi zilumba zosiyanasiyana za Pacific ndi Pagan Island pafupi pamndandanda womwe uli pangozi. Wowopsezedwanso ndi mudzi womwe uli pachilumba cha Jeju, ku South Korea, komwe gulu lankhondo laku US lakhazikitsa maziko atsopano. Iwo omwe akhala pansi-mphepo kapena kutsika-kuchokera pakuyesedwa kwa zida nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino kuposa omwe akuwongolera zida.

Kuphwanya ufulu waumunthu kumapezeka nthawi zonse m'mitundu imene mayiko ena akufuna kuwamenya, monga momwe angapezedwe m'mitundu omwe olamulira ankhanza akugulitsidwa ndi oponderezedwa ndi anthu omwe amamenyana nawo, komanso monga momwe angapezedwe mwa ankhondo awo mayiko okha. Koma pali mavuto awiri akuluakulu omwe akuphwanya mtundu wa anthu kuti apitirize kulemekeza ufulu wawo. Choyamba, sizimagwira ntchito. Chachiwiri, ufulu wosaphedwa kapena kuvulala kapena kupwetekedwa ndi nkhondo uyenera kuonedwa kuti ndi ufulu woyenera woyenera ulemu. Apanso, kufufuza kwachinyengo kumathandiza: Ndi angati omwe angafune kuti tawuni yawo iwononge mabomba padzina lakulitsa ufulu waumunthu?

Nkhondo ndi nkhondo ndi machitidwe ena owopsa angachititse mavuto omwe angapindule ndi chithandizo chamtundu wina, kaya akhale opanga mtendere komanso opanda chitetezo cha anthu kapena apolisi. Koma kupotoza kutsutsana Rwanda ankafuna apolisi kuti amve kuti dziko la Rwanda liyenera kuponyedwa mabomba, kapena kuti mtundu winawo uyenera kuponyedwa mabomba, ndiko kupotoza kwakukulu.

Mosiyana ndi malingaliro ena a nthano, kuzunzika sikunachepetsedwe mu nkhondo zamakedzana. Nkhondo siingakhoze kukhala yotukuka kapena yoyeretsedwa. Palibe njira yoyenera ya nkhondo yomwe imapewa kuwapweteka kwambiri. Palibe chitsimikizo kuti nkhondo iliyonse ingathe kulamulidwa kapena kutha pamene inayamba. Zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuposa nkhondo. Nkhondo sizimatha ndi chigonjetso, chomwe sichitha kufotokozedwa ngakhale.

Nkhondo Sitibweretsa Kukhazikika

Nkhondo ikhoza kuganiziridwa monga chida chothandizira kukhazikitsa lamulo, kuphatikizapo malamulo olimbana ndi nkhondo, pokhapokha ponyalanyaza chinyengo ndi mbiriyakale ya kulephera. Nkhondo imaphwanya mfundo zoyambirira za malamulo ndipo imalimbikitsa kuphwanya kwawo. Ulamuliro wa mayiko ndi zofunikira kuti zokambirana zichitike popanda chiwawa kutsogolo kwa nyundo ya nkhondo. Chigwirizano cha Kellogg-Briand, UN Charter, ndi malamulo apakhomo pa zakupha ndi pa chisankho chopita kunkhondo amachitiridwa nkhondo pamene nkhondo ikuyambanso ndipo ikuwonjezeka. Kuphwanya malamulo amenewa kuti "atsimikizire" (popanda kutsutsa) lamulo loletsa mtundu wina wa chida, mwachitsanzo, sikumapangitsa kuti mayiko kapena magulu akhale omvera malamulo. Izi ndizo chifukwa chake nkhondo ili kulephera pa ntchito yopereka chitetezo. Kukonzekera gulu la mayiko, monga NATO, kulimbana nawo nkhondo sizimapangitsa kuti nkhondoyo ikhale yovomerezeka kwambiri kapena yopindulitsa; limangogwiritsa ntchito gulu lachigawenga.

Nkhondo Siidapindula Opanga Nkhondo

Nkhondo ndi kukonzekera nkhondo kukhetsa ndi kufooketsa chuma. Nthano yakuti nkhondo imalimbikitsa mtundu umene umalipidwa, mosiyana ndi kupindulitsa ochepa opindula, sagwirizana ndi umboni.

Nthano ina yotsimikizira kuti, ngakhale nkhondo ikasokoneza mtundu wopanga nkhondo, ikhoza kumapindulitsa kwambiri poyesa kuzunzidwa kwa mitundu ina. Mtundu wapamwamba wopanga nkhondo padziko lonse, United States, uli ndi 5% ya anthu padziko lapansi koma umadya kotala limodzi mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zinthu zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi nthano iyi, nkhondo yokhayo ingathe kulola kuti kusagwirizana kofunikira ndi koyenera kukhalebe.

Pali chifukwa chake nkhaniyi sichidziwika bwino ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndipo imaseŵera chabe pazofalitsa za nkhondo. Ndizochititsa manyazi, ndipo anthu ambiri amachita manyazi. Ngati nkhondo siilimbikitso koma ngati chiwonongeko, kuvomereza sikunayeneretse kuti ndizolakwa. Mfundo zina zimathandiza kuchepetsa mfundo iyi:

• Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu ndi chiwonongeko sizomwe zimagwirizana ndi moyo wapamwamba.
• Phindu la mtendere ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lidzamvekanso ngakhale iwo omwe adzidya kudya pang'ono.
• Phindu la kuderako ndikukhala ndi moyo kosatha sizingatheke.
• Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale locheperachepera, mosasamala kanthu za yemwe akudya.
• Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zomwe mayiko olemera amadya zinthu zowonongeka kwambiri, monga mafuta, ndi kupyola komwe kuli nkhondo.
• Mphamvu zobiriwira ndi zowonongeka zikanakhala zopambana ndi malingaliro awo oyendetsa kwambiri ngati otsalirawo panopa adatumizidwa kumeneko.

Nkhondo imapereka ntchito zochepa kusiyana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama kapena kuchepetsa msonkho, koma nkhondo imatha kupereka ntchito zabwino ndi zokongola zomwe zimaphunzitsa achinyamata maphunziro ofunikira, kumanga khalidwe, ndi kuphunzitsa nzika zabwino. Ndipotu, chilichonse chabwino chophunzitsidwa ndi nkhondo ndi kutenga nawo mbali chingathe kupangidwa popanda nkhondo. Ndipo maphunziro a nkhondo amabweretsa zinthu zambiri zomwe siziri zofunika. Kukonzekera nkhondo kumaphunzitsa ndi momwe anthu amakhalidwe omwe amawonekeratu kuti ndi omwe amachititsa anthu kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Limaphunzitsanso kumvera koopsa. Ngakhale kuti nkhondo ingaphatikizepo kulimba mtima ndi kupereka nsembe, kufotokoza izi popanda kuthandizidwa ndi zolinga zosayenerera kumapereka chitsanzo choipa ndithudi. Ngati kulimba mtima mopanda kulingalira ndi nsembe ndi khalidwe labwino, antchito ankhanza ali abwino kwambiri kuposa anthu.

Zotsatsa malonda zatsimikizira nkhondo zam'mbuyomu pothandizira kupanga njira zopaleshoni za ubongo zimene zapulumutsa moyo kunja kwa nkhondo. Intaneti imene webusaitiyi ilipo idapangidwa makamaka ndi asilikali a US. Koma zida zasiliva zoterezi zikanakhoza kuwoneka nyenyezi ngati zinalengedwa popanda nkhondo. Kafufuzidwe ndi chitukuko chikanakhala bwino kwambiri ndi kuyankhapo ndipo zidzaloledwa kumadera abwino ngati apatukana ndi ankhondo.

Mofananamo, mautumiki othandizira amatha kukhala abwino popanda asilikali. Ndege yotenga ndege ndi njira yowonongeka komanso yopanda mphamvu yobweretsa chithandizo cha tsoka. Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zolakwika kumaphatikizidwa ndi kukayikira koyenera kuchokera kwa anthu omwe akudziwa kuti zida zankhondo zakhala zikugwiritsira ntchito chithandizo choopsya chifukwa cha nkhondo yowonjezereka kapena magulu othawirapo m'deralo.

Zolinga Zolengedwa za Nkhondo Sizitchuka

Nkhondo zimagulitsidwa monga chithandizo, chifukwa anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo maboma ambiri ndi antchito ankhondo, ali ndi zolinga zabwino. Koma iwo omwe ali pamwamba pamasewero olimbana nawo nkhondo ndithudi samatero. Ngati zitatha, zochepa zopereka zowonjezera zalembedwa.

"Ufumu uliwonse wofuna kutchuka, ukufotokoza momveka bwino kuti akugonjetsa dziko lapansi kuti abweretse mtendere, chitetezo ndi ufulu, ndipo akupereka ana ake aamuna chifukwa cha zolinga zabwino komanso zothandiza. Icho ndi bodza, ndipo ndi bodza lamakedzana, komabe mibadwo imakula ndikukhulupirira izo. "- Anatero Henry Wright

Mawu a M'munsi:

1. Kafukufuku womaliza atha kukhala kuti anali Gallup mu Ogasiti 2010.
2. Zogby, Disembala 20, 2011.
3. Kafukufuku womaliza atha kukhala kuti anali CBS News mu Ogasiti 2010.