Potengera maulendo ake pafupifupi 30 akupita ku Afghanistan, womenyera nkhondo Kathy Kelly akukambirana zakufunika kwachisoni ndi kubwezera.
by Nonviolence Radio Team, WNV Metta Center for Nonviolence, September 29,2021
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Sabata ino, Michael Nagler ndi Stephanie Van Hook amalankhula ndi Kathy Kelly, wotsutsa zachiwawa kwa nthawi yayitali, woyambitsa nawo Voices for Creative Nonviolence komanso co-coordinator wa Ban Killer Drones Campaign. Amakambirana zambiri zomwe adakumana nazo ku Afghanistan komanso malingaliro ake. Kulowererapo kwa America, akukhulupirira, kunali - ndipo, kukupitilizabe - kusokeretsa, kukulirakulira m'malo mothetsa mikangano yachiwawa kumeneko. Amapereka upangiri wothandiza komanso womveka bwino wa zomwe kuchitapo kanthu kwabwino komanso kopindulitsa kungaphatikizepo, ndipo amapereka njira zenizeni zomwe tingachitire. Amatikakamizanso kuti tiganizirenso malingaliro athu omwe tinali nawo kale, a Taliban ndi ife eni; Pochita izi titha kuyamba kumvera ena chisoni, kutikonzanso ndikukhala opanda mantha:
Choyamba, ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kuchita zomwe inu ndi Michael mwalimbikitsa ku Metta Center kwa nthawi yayitali. Tiyenera kupeza kulimba mtima kuti tiletse mantha athu. Tiyenera kukhala anthu omwe sanakwapulidwe kuti achite mantha ndi gulu ili, kuopa gululo, kuti tipitilize kubweza ndalama kuti tithetse gululo kuti tisamachite mantha. iwo panonso. Ndicho chinthu chimodzi. Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kupitilirabe patsogolo kulimbitsa mantha athu.
Chinthu chachiwiri, makamaka, ndikudziwa anthu omwe akukumana ndi zotsatira za nkhondo zathu ndi kusamuka kwathu… Anzanga achichepere ku Afghanistan anali chizindikiro cha anthu omwe amafuna kufikira anthu atsidya lina la magawo. Analankhula za dziko lopanda malire. Iwo ankafuna kukhala ndi ntchito zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pokhapokha tikayang'ana Afghanistan, tikayiwona ndi anthu ake muzovuta zawo zonse zomwe tingathe kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe akufuna ndi zosowa. Pokhapokha pomvetsera mwachidwi kwa anthu ndi magulu omwe ali pansi pomwe tingaphunzire momwe tingathere nawo nawo pakupeza njira zothetsera mikangano ndikumanganso. Ndipo zonsezi zimadalira kudzipereka kolimba ku kusachita zachiwawa, kudzichepetsa kwenikweni ndi kudzipenda moona mtima:
… Chisokonezo ndi mphamvu ya chowonadi. Tiyenera kunena zoona ndi kudziyang’ana pagalasi. Ndipo zomwe ndanenazi ndizovuta kwambiri kuziwona. Koma ndikuganiza kuti pamafunika kuti timvetse bwino kuti ndife ndani komanso mmene tinganenere kuti, “Pepani. Pepani kwambiri,” ndikubweza zomwe zikunena kuti sitipitiliza izi.
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Stephanie: Landirani aliyense ku Nonviolence Radio. Ndine Stephanie Van Hook, ndipo ndili pano mu situdiyo ndi wonditsogolera mnzanga komanso nangula wa nkhani, Michael Nagler. Mmawa wabwino, Michael. Zikomo chifukwa chokhala mu studio nane lero.
Michael: Mmawa wabwino, Stephanie. Sitikanakhala malo ena aliwonse mmawa uno.
Stephanie: Kotero, lero tiri ndi ife Kathy Kelly. Kwa inu omwe ali mugulu lamtendere, safunikira kufotokozedwa. Wina amene wapereka moyo wake kotheratu kuthetsa nkhondo ndi ziwawa. Ndi m'modzi mwa mamembala oyambitsa a Voices in the Wilderness, omwe pambuyo pake adadziwika kuti Mauthenga a Zopanda Chilengedwe, yomwe idatseka kampeni yake mu 2020 chifukwa chovuta kupita kumadera ankhondo. Tidzamva zambiri za izi. Iye ndi co-coordinator wa Ban Killer Drones Campaign, komanso womenyera ufulu wokhala ndi World Beyond War.
Tili naye lero pa Nonviolence Radio kuti tilankhule za Afghanistan. Wakhalako pafupifupi ka 30. Ndipo monga munthu waku America wodzipereka kuti athetse nkhondo, kumva za zomwe adakumana nazo komanso zomwe zikuchitika kumeneko malinga ndi momwe amawonera zikhala zothandiza pamene tikupitiliza ndikuzamika zokambirana zathu za Afghanistan zomwe zili m'nkhani lero.
Chifukwa chake, takulandirani ku Radio ya Nonviolence, Kathy Kelly.
Kathy: Zikomo, Stephanie ndi Michael. Nthawi zonse zimakhala zolimbikitsa kudziwa kuti nonse awiri mukugwira ntchito limodzi ndi zomwe mumachita kuti muchite zachiwawa ndikuyesera kumvetsetsa zotsatira za nkhondo zathu.
Michael: Chabwino, kuchokera kwa inu, Kathy, ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri. Zikomo.
Stephanie: Kathy, ukupeza kuti lero? Kodi muli ku Chicago?
Kathy: Chabwino, ndili kudera la Chicago. Ndipo mwanjira ina, mtima wanga ndi malingaliro anga nthawi zambiri - kudzera pa imelo ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi - o, ndikuganiza pafupifupi achinyamata khumi ndi awiri a ku Afghanistan omwe ndinali ndi mwayi wodziwa kudzera ku Afghanistan. Onsewa ali m'malo ovuta, ndipo ena kuposa ena. Ndipo kuganizira kwambiri zomwe zingayambe kukhala njira yopanda chiwawa kwa iwo.
Stephanie: Chabwino, tiyeni tingolumphira mu zimenezo ndiye, Kathy. Kodi mungalankhule ndi zomwe zikuchitika mu mtima ndi m'maganizo mwanu, zomwe zikuchitika m'malingaliro anu?
Kathy: Chabwino, ndikumva chisoni kwambiri ndi chisoni. Ndikutanthauza, ndikukhala mu chitonthozo ndi chitetezo, ngozi yeniyeni yobadwira, komabe ndikukhala m'dziko limene chitonthozo chathu ndi chitetezo chathu chathandizidwa ndi chuma chomwe mbewu yake yapamwamba ndi zida. Ndipo timagulitsa bwanji zida zija ndikugulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kenako kugulitsa zina? Tiyenera kugulitsa nkhondo zathu.
Ndipo, mukudziwa, lingaliro loti anthu ambiri, pomwe amangoyiwala za Afghanistan, akanati akaganizira - ndipo sindikutanthauza kuti izi zimveke ngati kuweruza - koma anthu ambiri aku US amaganiza, "Chabwino, sichoncho" Kodi tingathandize amayi ndi ana kumeneko? " Ndipo sizinali zoona. Panali amayi ena omwe adapindula, mosakayikira, m'matauni. Koma mukudziwa, tiyenera kudzifunsa tokha, chiyani if United States inali isanadzipatulire kumanga maziko 500 ku Afghanistan konse? Nanga bwanji tikadapanda kudzaza madera ozungulira mazikowo - komanso mdziko lonselo - ndi zida zathu? Nanga bwanji ngati lamulo lomwe tidaponya mabomba ambiri, ambiri, ndi ambiri omwe sanalembedwe konse chifukwa nkhondo ya drone sinatero - CIA ndi magulu ena sanafunikire ngakhale kusunga mndandanda wa omwe adaphulitsa.
Mukudziwa, zikadakhala kuti United States ikadayang'ana mphamvu zake zonse komanso zida zake kuti apeze zomwe anthu aku Afghanistan akusowa ndikuthandizira kukonzanso zomangamanga chifukwa aliyense amafunikira chakudya. Chifukwa chake, zonsezi-ngati zimabwera m'maganizo, ndikumva chisoni.
Ndimakumbukira kwambiri nkhani kuti Erica Chenoweth, Dr. Erica Chenoweth - panthawiyo anali ku Colorado, ndi Dr. Hakim, mlangizi wa gulu la abwenzi achichepere aku Afghanistan. Sitikuwatchulanso mayina. Zakhala zoopsa kwambiri kwa iwo.
Awiriwo analemba kuti nthawi zina zinthu zopanda chiwawa zomwe munthu angathe kuchita pazochitika zachiwawa kwambiri is kuthawa. Ndipo kotero, ndikutanthauza, m'mawa uno, winawake yemwe ndiwowonera bwino - tamuzindikira kwanthawi yayitali ku Afghanistan. Anagwira ntchito ndi boma monga thandizo kwa phungu wa nyumba ya malamulo.
Anati akuwona kuti mwina nkhondo ikubwera. Nkhondo yambiri pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyanawa. Ndipo kotero, mukuchita chiyani? Ambiri anena kuti, "Ndikufuna kutuluka," kuti akhale otetezeka, komanso chifukwa sakufuna kunyamula mfuti. Safuna kumenyana. Safuna kupitiriza kubwezera ndi kubwezera.
Ndipo kotero, kwa iwo omwe athawira kumadera ngati Pakistan, sali otetezeka kwenikweni. Ndikumva ngati - sindingathe kuchita koma kumva mpumulo. "Chabwino, mwina muli pangozi." Ndiyeno ife tiri mu United States kumene ndalama zathu zamisonkho zinathandizira chipwirikiti chonse ichi ndi kusokonekera kwa zaka zambiri, zambiri zomwe zinayambitsidwa ndi magulu omenyana. Ndipo United States ndiyomwe ili ndi zidendene zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo komabe, sitikumva kunjenjemera kwenikweni. Komabe, ndi zomwe zakhala zili m'maganizo mwanga. Zikomo chifukwa chofunsa.
Michael: Mwalandilidwa, Kathy. Ndili ndi malingaliro awiri kuyankha zomwe mwagawana. Chimodzi ndi zomwe mwanena zaposachedwa, ndipo ndikubetcha mwina mukuvomerezana nane - ndikubetcha pamlingo wina wamalingaliro athu onse ndi malingaliro athu payekhapayekha, sizowona kuti tikuchoka. Inu mukudziwa, pali chinthu chonga kuvulaza khalidwe. Uku ndi kuvulaza komwe anthu amadzipangitsa okha mwa kuvulaza ena, komwe kumalembetsa m'maganizo mwawo.
Chomvetsa chisoni ndichakuti - ndipo mwina ndipamene titha kukhala othandizira - anthu samalumikiza madontho. Mukudziwa, bambo amapita kugolosale ku Tennessee ndikuwombera anthu onsewa. Ndipo sitikuphatikiza awiri ndi awiri kuti, mukudziwa, titagwirizana ndi mfundo iyi kuti chiwawa chidzathetsa ziwawa. Sitikudziwa kuti tikutumiza uthenga womwe umatipweteka m'banja lathu.
Kotero, ndikuganiza kuti mtundu umenewo unandifikitsa ku mfundo inanso yaikulu, yomwe ndi - zomwe ndimamva ndi mfundo yaikulu - kuti pali mphamvu ziwiri padziko lapansi: mphamvu zopanda chiwawa ndi mphamvu zachiwawa. Ndipo mphamvu yachiwawa imakonda kusunthitsa chidwi chanu pamakina osati anthu. Ndi zomwe ndimamva.
Kathy: Chabwino, pali chofunikira chimenecho pafupifupi kuti musamawone munthu mukamalunjika munthu ndi chipolopolo kapena ndi chida.
Mukudziwa, china chake chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo, Michael, ndikuti Timothy McVeigh, yemwe anali msilikali ku Iraq anali atangoyamba kumene - mukudziwa, anali mwana wokulira m'dera laling'ono. Sindikudziwa kuti anakulira kuti. Ndikuganiza kuti mwina anali ku Pennsylvania.
Koma mulimonse, iye anali wabwino kwambiri, monga iwo amati, wojambula. Iye akhoza kugunda chandamale kwenikweni, bwino kwenikweni. Ndi mipherezero ya mphukira, adapeza malikisi apamwamba kwambiri. Ndipo kotero, ali ku Iraq, poyamba adalembera kalata azakhali ake, ndipo awa ndi mawu achindunji, "Kupha ma Iraqi kunali kovuta kwambiri poyamba. Koma patapita kanthawi, kupha anthu aku Iraq kunakhala kosavuta. ”
Timothy McVeigh adapitilira kukhala munthu yemwe adakweza, ndikukhulupirira, lole yokhala ndi zophulika ndikuukira Oklahoma Federal Building. Ndipo nthawi zonse ndimaganiza kuti ndani adaphunzitsa, ndani adaphunzitsa a Timothy McVeigh kuti akhulupirire kuti kupha anthu kungakhale kosavuta? Ndipo Timothy McVeigh analangidwa, ndithudi. Koma ukunena zowona. Tadzilanga tokha.
Ndipo tsopano tili ndi achinyamata ambiri omwe atha maola ochuluka akusewera masewera apakanema ndikulunjika mabulogu, mukudziwa, mabulogu pa skrini. Ndiye A Daniel Hale amatulutsa zolembedwa zenizeni. Iye anachita zimenezo molimba mtima kwambiri. Anali katswiri waku America ku Afghanistan, ndipo pambuyo pake adagwira ntchito ku imodzi mwamakampani achitetezo.
Anazindikira ndi zolemba zaku US kuti adadzipanga okha, kasanu ndi kamodzi mwa maulendo khumi pa opareshoni imodzi ya miyezi isanu yomwe anali nawo, cholinga chake chinali munthu wamba. Osati munthu amene iwo ankaganiza kuti munthuyo anali. Ndipo kotero amamasula chidziwitsocho. Tsopano akugwira miyezi 45 m'ndende - zaka m'ndende.
Ndiye, kuukira komaliza kwa US ku Kabul kunali kotani? Izo kwenikweni mwina si otsiriza. Munthu anasankhidwa kukhala chandamale. Dzina lake anali Zemari Ahmadi, ndipo anali atate wa ana angapo. Iye ankakhala m’gulu limodzi ndi azichimwene ake awiri ndi banja lawo. Anali akuyendayenda ku Kabul kukasiya anthu - chifukwa anali ndi galimoto, ndipo amatha kuwathandiza kuti awathandize ndikutengera madzi a banja lake ndikumaliza ntchito zomaliza chifukwa anali atasankhidwa kale kupeza imodzi ma visa apadera othawa kwawo ndikubwera ku United States.
Banjalo linali litalongedza zikwama zawo. Ndipo mwanjira ina, chifukwa amayendetsa Corolla yoyera, oyendetsa ndege aku US ndi alangizi awo adaganiza kuti, "Mnyamata uyu akutola zophulika. Wapita ku Islamic State m'chigawo cha Khorasan. Adzabwereranso ku malo ena ogwirizana nawo. Kenako akhoza kupita ku eyapoti kukaukira anthu. ”
Iwo anabwera ndi zongopeka izi. Palibe chomwe chinali chowona. Chifukwa zonse zomwe amawona m'mawonekedwe awo a drone, makamera a kamera, ndi mabulogu ndi miyeso yopusa. Ndipo kotero, ndiye anawombera mabomba, poganiza kuti pali munthu uyu yekha ndi munthu amene akulankhula naye. Ndipo Ahmed Zemari anali ndi mwambo, kumene amakokera galimoto pamsewu - ndipo kwenikweni, kukhala ndi galimoto ku Afghanistan m'dera la anthu ogwira ntchito ndi chinthu chachikulu.
Pamene ankayikokera panjira, ankalola kuti mwana wake wamkulu ayiikitse. Ana onse aang'ono amalowa mgalimoto. Icho chinali chabe chinthu chimene iwo anachita. Ndipo kotero, icho chinali chinthu chotsiriza chimene iwo anachita. Ana asanu ndi awiri. Atatu a iwo osakwana zaka zisanu. Enawo, achinyamata anayi. Achinyamata achichepere onse anaphedwa.
Tsopano, panali nkhani za izo. Panali atolankhani ambiri omwe amatha kufika pamalowa ndikufunsa anthu omwe adapulumuka. Koma izi zinali zitangochitika milungu iwiri m'mbuyomo. Kuukira kwina kwa ndege zaku US kudawononga chipatala ndi sukulu yasekondale ku Kandahar ku Lashkargah. Zinthu zamtunduwu zimapitilira nthawi zonse.
Ndipo kotero, tsopano Air Force, US Air Force ikufuna $ 10 biliyoni kuti apitirize, zomwe amazitcha "Over the Horizon" kuwukira ku Afghanistan. Koma ndani akudziwa za izi? Mukudziwa, anthu owerengeka, ndikuganiza, atha kuwona zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira pano - ndimangokhala ngati 2010 ndekha. Ine ndikutsimikiza izo zinachitika kale.
Koma chitsanzo chake ndi chakuti chiwopsezo chimachitika, kaya ndikuwukira kwa drone kapena kuwukira kwausiku, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti "ali ndi munthu wolakwika." Chifukwa chake, asirikali, akazindikirika, alonjeza, "Tifufuza za izi." Ndiyeno, ngati sichikuchoka pa nkhani, ngati sichimangosintha ngati nkhani. Ngati zowona zadziwika, "Inde, munapha anthu wamba. Uwu ukhoza kukhala mlandu wankhondo. ” Kenako wina amatenga kugwa.
Posachedwapa, adayenera kupita pamwamba, General Lloyd Austin adati, "Tinalakwitsa." General MacKenzie adati, "Inde, talakwitsa." General Donahue adati, "Inde, talakwitsa." Koma timafunika zambiri osati kupepesa. Tikufunika kutsimikiziridwa kuti United States isiya kulimbikira ndi mfundo iyi yopha ndi kukhetsa magazi ndi kuzunza ndi kuwononga.
Tiyenera kuwona kubweza, osati kubweza ndalama zokha, komanso zobwezeretsa zomwe zimawononga machitidwe olakwika ndi ankhanzawa.
Stephanie: Kathy, ukuganiza kuti anthu akuyenera kuchita chiyani pa kubwezeredwaku, kuphatikizapo kubweza ndalama? Ndipo a Taliban amatenga nawo mbali bwanji? Kodi chithandizo chingapezeke bwanji kwa anthu? Kodi mungalankhule nawo?
Kathy: Chabwino, choyamba, ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kuchita zomwe inu ndi Michael mwalimbikitsa ku Metta Center kwa nthawi yayitali. Tiyenera kupeza kulimba mtima kuti tiletse mantha athu. Tiyenera kukhala anthu omwe sanakwapulidwe kuti achite mantha ndi gulu ili, kuopa gululo, kuti tipitirizebe kubweza ndalama kuti tithetse gululo kuti tisamachite mantha. iwo panonso. Ndi chinthu chimodzi. Ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiliza kukulitsa malingaliro athu pakuwongolera mantha athu.
Chinthu chachiwiri, kwenikweni, ndicho kudziwa anthu omwe akukumana ndi zotsatira za nkhondo zathu ndi kusamuka kwathu. ndikuganiza Sherri Maurin ku San Francisco ndi Masiku Omvera Akumvetsera kuchokera ku Olympia, Washington m'njira zina. Koma mwezi uliwonse, kwazaka ndi zaka - zaka khumi ndakhazikitsa foni kuti achinyamata ku Afghanistan azitha kulumikizana ndi anthu osangalatsa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza nanu nthawi zina.
Ndikuganiza kuti ndizofunika. Ndipo Sherri ndi ena akugwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri kuti athandize achinyamata kudzaza ma visa ndikuyesera kupeza njira zothandizira anthu omwe akufuna kukwera ndegeyi - zomwe ndikuganiza, m'njira zina. kokha kapena chinthu chachikulu chosachita zachiwawa.
Chifukwa chake, chinthu chimodzi chomwe anthu angachite ndikulumikizana ndi Sherri Maurin kwanuko kapena kulumikizana. Ndine wokondwa kwambiri kuthandiza aliyense wokhala ngati bwenzi, kukhala bwenzi la m'modzi wa anthu omwe akusowa thandizo. Mafomuwa ndi ovuta, ndipo ndi ovuta kuwazindikira. Zofunikira zimasintha nthawi zonse. Kotero, ndicho chinthu chimodzi.
Ndiye pankhani yoti pangakhale mtendere ku Afghanistan kapena ayi, pali munthu wina dzina lake Dr. Zaher Wahab. Ndi Afghan ndipo wakhala akuphunzitsa kwa zaka zambiri ku mayunivesite a Afghanistan, komanso ku Lewis & Clark University ku Portland. Amaganiza kunja kwa bokosi. Amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ake, ndipo amati, “Bwanji? Bwanji osafuna kukhalapo ndi United Nations yosunga mtendere? Chimodzi chomwe chingathandize kusunga mtundu wina wa chitetezo ndi bata. ” Tsopano, kodi a Taliban angavomereze izi? Zikuwonekeratu, mpaka pano, a Taliban akugwiritsa ntchito chipambano chawo, ndikuganiza, kunena, "Ayi, sitiyenera kumvera zomwe anthu apadziko lonse lapansi akunena."
Ndizovuta chifukwa sindikufuna kulangiza, chabwino, ndiye kuwagunda mwachuma, chifukwa ndikuganiza kuti izi zidzakhudza anthu osauka kwambiri pazachuma. Zolango nthawi zonse zimachita zimenezo. Amakwera anthu osatetezeka kwambiri mdera lawo, ndipo sindikuganiza kuti adzawakhudzadi akuluakulu a Taliban. Ndipo, mukudziwa, amatha kukweza ndalama polipira misonkho pagalimoto iliyonse yomwe imadutsa malire osiyanasiyana.
Ndikutanthauza, ali ndi zida zambiri zomwe ali nazo kale chifukwa adazitenga kumabwalo aku US ndi malo ena omwe adasiya. Chifukwa chake, sindikulangiza ziletso zachuma. Koma ndikuganiza kuti kuyesayesa kulikonse kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti apereke kaloti kunena kwa a Taliban, "Tawonani, yambani kulemekeza ufulu wa anthu ndikuphunzitsa anthu anu kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina osati kumenya anthu magazi ndi zingwe zamagetsi. Phunzitsani anthu anu kuvomereza kuti muyenera kukhala ndi akazi m’malo aliwonse m’chitaganya ngati mukupita patsogolo.” Yambani kuphunzitsa zimenezo.
Ndipo kaloti akanakhala chiyani? Mukudziwa, Afghanistan ili pachiwopsezo chachuma ndipo ikukumana ndi tsoka lomwe likubwera pachuma. Ndipo ali mu funde lachinayi la COVID, lomwe lili ndi machitidwe azachipatala omenyedwa moyipa kwambiri m'dziko lonselo. Ndipo ali ndi chilala m'zigawo 24 mwa 34.
Kutha kukwera galimoto yonyamula katundu ndikuyika zida zanu sikukuthandizani kuthana ndi mavuto amtunduwu omwe mosakayikira angawonjezere kukhumudwa kwa anthu omwe atha kukhala oipidwa kwambiri, omwe akuyesera kuwalamulira.
Stephanie: Ndipo Kathy, amenewo ndi malingaliro othandiza. Zikomo. Ndikuyembekezera kugawana nawonso. Kodi mukuwona kuti a Taliban adanyozedwa ndi atolankhani aku Western, ndi media padziko lonse lapansi? Ndipo kodi pali njira yodutsira chinyengo chimenecho ndikuwona chifukwa chake anthu alowa nawo a Taliban poyambirira, ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe tingasokonezere kutengeka kumeneku?
Kathy: Stephanie, ndi funso lothandiza kwambiri. Ndipo ndiyenera kudziyang'anira ndekha ndi chilankhulo changa chifukwa ndikuzindikira, ngakhale mukuyankhula, palibe chinthu chonga "The Taliban." Ndiko kukwapula kwakukulu kwambiri. Pali magulu ambiri osiyanasiyana omwe amapanga a Taliban.
Ndipo funso lanu loti chifukwa chiyani anthu amalowa m'magulu amenewo poyambirira, sizowona kwa a Taliban okha, komanso magulu ena ambiri ankhondo, omwe anganene kuti achinyamata omwe amafuna kuyika chakudya patebulo la mabanja awo, "Tawonani, mukudziwa, tili ndi ndalama, koma uyenera kukhala wololera kunyamula mfuti kuti ukhale pamtengo kuti upeze ndalama zonsezi." Chifukwa chake, kwa omenyera nkhondo achichepere ambiri a Talib, analibe njira zina zambiri zolima mbewu kapena kulima ziweto kapena kukonzanso zomangamanga mdera lawo. Mukudziwa, opium ndiye mbewu yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ikupangidwa pakali pano ndipo izi zingawabweretsere gulu lonse la olamulira a mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso omenyera nkhondo.
Ambiri mwa omenyana a Talib mwina ndi anthu omwe angapindule pophunzira kuwerenga ndipo anthu onse ku Afghanistan angapindule pophunzira zinenero za wina ndi mzake, Dari ndi Pashto. Ndine wotsimikiza kuti pakhala zithunzi zodzazidwa ndi chidani chomwe chimamangidwa, kotero kuti pali Pashtuns omwe amaganiza kuti onse a Hazaras ndi nzika zachiwiri komanso osadalirika. Ndipo Hazaras apanga zithunzi za Pastuns onse kukhala owopsa komanso osadalirika.
Anzanga achichepere ku Afghanistan anali chizindikiro cha anthu omwe amafuna kufikira anthu atsidya lina la magawowo. Analankhula za dziko lopanda malire. Iwo ankafuna kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo chotero, iwo anagawira mabulangete kwa anthu amene anali osowa m’nyengo yachisanu, monga momwe iwo amachitira m’nyengo yachisanu iriyonse. Ndikutanthauza, apulumutsa miyoyo, ndikukhulupirira, ndi zofunda zolemera izi.
Anaonetsetsa kuti amayi omwe amalipidwa kupanga mabulangetewo anali ochokera m'gulu la Hazaric, ena a gulu la Tajik, ndipo ena a gulu la Pashto. Iwo anayesetsadi kuonetsetsa kuti akulemekeza mafuko onse atatu. Ndiyeno chimodzimodzi ndi kugawa. Iwo angafune kupempha misikiti yomwe imayimira mitundu itatu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti iwathandize kudziwa momwe angagawire zofundazo moyenera. Ndipo anachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi ana amene anabwera kusukulu yawo ya street kids ndi mabanja amene anathandizidwa pa zimenezo.
Imeneyo inali ntchito yaing’ono, ndipo inathandizidwa ndi kuwolowa manja kwa anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo ambiri a ku California ndi ambiri a ku Point Reyes. Koma mukudziwa, pakadali pano boma la United States lathira mabiliyoni, ngati si mabiliyoni a madola kunkhondo ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti pakuphatikizana iwo akulitsa kusiyana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana ndikuwonjezera mwayi woti anthu atenge zida ndikulozerana wina ndi mnzake.
Mukunena zowona kuti musavomereze lingaliro loti pali blob ina yayikulu yotchedwa, "The Taliban." Tiyenera kubwerera mmbuyo kuchokera pamenepo. Koma ndiyenso mtundu wa squint pafupifupi ndikuyesera kuona umunthu wa otchedwa adani.
Michael: Inde, powona umunthu - kamodzinso, Kathy, monga tikudziwira bwino, zomwe zimangosintha gawo lanu la masomphenya kwathunthu, zimasintha malingaliro anu. Umayamba kuona zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ndikudziwa kuti gulu lina linabwera ndi ndalama zothandizira, ndikukhulupirira kuti inali Afghanistan. Izo zinali kanthawi kapitako; anawapatsa ndalamazo poyembekezera kuti adzalima mbewu zofunika, ndipo m’malo mwake, anthuwo ankalima maluwa.
Chifukwa chake, adafunsa, "Chifukwa chiyani wachita izi?" Ndipo iwo anati, "Chabwino, dziko liyenera kumwetulira." Tiyenera, mukudziwa, kubweretsa zabwino mu mawonekedwe abwino otsimikizira moyo. Zingakhale zophweka ngati titasintha malingaliro athu, monga ndikunenera, kuchokera, titha bwanji kutsanulira mafuta omwewo m'madzi omwewo ovuta? Kapena, timapeza kuti mafuta amtundu wina? Ndicho chimene Voices of Creative Nonviolence ndi Metta Center akhala akugwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri, kuti akweze mbendera yosagwirizana ndi chiwawa ndipo nthawi yomweyo chiwawacho chikuwonekera.
Stephanie: Tsopano Kathy, mudapitako ku Afghanistan nthawi zopitilira 30?
Kathy: Ndichoncho.
Stephanie: Chotero, tiyeni tikambirane pang’ono za ulendo wanu monga munthu ndi mmene chochitikacho chakusinthirani. Ndikufunanso kudziwitsa omvera athu momwe zimakhalira ku Afghanistan. Osati ku Kabul kokha, koma ndikutsimikiza kuti mwalowa m'zigawo zakunja. Kodi mutha kujambula chithunzi cha Afghanistan kwa ife ndi anthu?
Kathy: Mukudziwa, ndili ndi mnzanga, a Ed Keenan, omwe anali m'modzi mwa nthumwi zoyambirira kupita kukacheza ku Kabul. Ndipo modzichepetsa adalemba nkhani kuti akumva kuti adawona Afghanistan kudzera pabowo lakiyi. Inu mukudziwa, izo nzowonadi kwa ine.
Ndikudziwa dera lina la Kabul ndipo ndinali wokondwa kangapo kupita ku Panjshir komwe kuli malo okongola komwe Emergency Surgical Center for Victims of War anali ndi chipatala. Tinakhala alendo pachipatalachi kwa sabata. Ndiyeno pazochitika zingapo, zokhala ngati ngati ulendo wakumunda, ena a ife tinatha kupita kukakhala alendo a yemwe kale anali waulimi. Iye anaphedwa. Iye ndi banja lake ankatilandira m’dera la Panjshir. Ndipo ndinayendera anthu ku Bamiyan. Ndipo nthawi zina, kunja kwa Kabul, mwina kwaukwati wakumudzi.
Komabe, zinali zowunikira kupita kumidzi momwe ndidayendera chifukwa agogo ena a ku Bamiyan, adandiuza, "Mukudziwa, zomwe mumamva - zomwe a Taliban amachita kwa akazi zaka mazana ambiri asanakhalepo a Taliban. Izi zakhala njira yathu nthawi zonse. "
Chifukwa chake, m'midzi, kumidzi, amayi ena - osati onse, koma ena - sangawone kusiyana kwakukulu pakati paulamuliro wa Ashraf Ghani ndi boma lake ndi ulamuliro wa a Taliban. M'malo mwake, bungwe lofufuza za ku Afghanistan lati anthu ena m'malo omwe adadziyika okha ndikungoyesa kuti awone momwe zimakhalira kudera lomwe likulamulidwa ndi a Taliban. Ena adati kwa iwo, "Mukudziwa, zikafika pankhani zachilungamo kuthana ndi mikangano yokhudza malo kapena malo, timakonda makhothi aku Taliban chifukwa makhothi aboma ku Kabul," zomwe zikuwoneka, mukudziwa, kutali, "ndi achinyengo kwambiri timayenera kulipira chilichonse, ndipo ndalama zatha. Ndipo chilungamo chimakwaniritsidwa kutengera amene ali ndi ndalama zambiri. ” Chifukwa chake, mwina ndichinthu chomwe chakhudza miyoyo ya anthu, kaya ndi amuna, akazi, kapena ana.
Pamene ndinkapita kudera la anthu ogwira ntchito ku Kabul, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, nditangolowa m’nyumba yawo, sindinachoke. Pomwe tikangokhala mwezi umodzi kapena mwezi ndi theka, kuchezera kwathu kumafupikirako, ngati masiku khumi amakhala ochulukirapo chifukwa zidayamba kukhala zowopsa kwa anzathu achichepere kulandira azungu. Zinabweretsa kukayikira kwakukulu. N'chifukwa chiyani mukugwirizana ndi anthu ochokera ku West? Akutani? Kodi akukuphunzitsani? Kodi mukutengera miyambo yakumadzulo? Izi zinali kale zokayikitsa a Talib asanafike ku Kabul.
Ndinganene kuti kudzikonda, malingaliro abwino, chifundo, luso la utsogoleri, nthabwala zabwino zomwe ndinapeza pakati pa achinyamata omwe ndinali ndi mwayi wowachezera, nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse zimakhala zatsopano.
Ndikutha kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake namwino waku Italy yemwe ndidakumana naye (dzina lake anali Emanuele Nanini) adati akupita kutali, kumapiri atanyamula chikwama chachikulu kumbuyo kwake, ndipo akupereka zithandizo zamankhwala. Inakhala nthawi yake yomaliza kupita chifukwa ulendo wake wazaka zinayi wokhala ndi Emergency Surgical Centers for Victims of War unali kutha.
Anthu amadziwa kuti adzawasiya ndipo adapezeka - adayenda maola anayi m'chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira kuti athe kunena zabwino ndikukuthokozani. Ndipo iye anati, “Aa. Ndinawakonda kwambiri.” Ndikuganiza kuti ndicho chokumana nacho chimene ambiri akhala nacho. Apanso, mutha kufunsa Sherri Maurin. Mukungokondana ndi anthu ambiri odabwitsa, abwino, ndi okoma mtima omwe sanatichitire choipa.
Ndikukumbukira mnzanga wachinyamata uja zaka zingapo m'mbuyomo anandiuza kuti, "Kathy, pita kunyumba ukauze makolo a achinyamata m'dziko lako, 'Osatumiza ana anu ku Afghanistan. Kuno n’koopsa kwa iwo.’” Ndiyeno anawonjezera momvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuti, “Ndipo sakutithandiza kwenikweni.”
Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse pamakhala lingaliro, ndikuganiza, kwa achinyamata ndi mabanja ena ndi achinyamata omwe ndidakumana nawo kuti sakufuna kuvulaza anthu ku United States, koma sanafune. anthu ku United States kuti apitirize kutumiza asilikali ndi asilikali ndi zida m'dziko lawo.
Ndipo ndikukumbukira pamene lamulo lalikulu la kuphulika kwa mpweya, chida champhamvu kwambiri, chachikulu kwambiri - chida wamba mu zida zankhondo zaku US zomwe zidatsala pang'ono kuphulitsa bomba la nyukiliya, pomwe idagunda m'mphepete mwa phiri, adangodabwa. Iwo ankaganiza - mukudziwa, chifukwa anthu amachitcha, "Mayi a Mabomba Onse," ku United States - ndipo adangosokonezeka. Chifukwa chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani mukufuna kuchita zimenezi?
Chabwino, zinapezeka kuti mkati mwa phirilo munali malo osungiramo zida, ndikukhala ngati kusunga chinsinsi chowongolera zankhondo zaku United States zomwe zidamangidwa ndi asitikali aku US zaka zambiri zapitazo. Asitikali aku US adadziwa kuti ilipo, ndipo sanafune kuti a Taliban aigwiritse ntchito kapena magulu ena ankhondo kuti agwiritse ntchito, motero adaphulitsa.
Koma mukudziwa, sindinamvepo mauthenga amphamvu chonchi okhudza kufunika kothetsa nkhondo monga ndidamva kuchokera kwa achinyamatawa ku Afghanistan. Iwo ankatumiza uthengawo mosalekeza.
Stephanie: Ndipo mungajambulenso chithunzi chochulukira momwe zimakhalira kukhala mdera la Kabul? Muyenera kutuluka, mumapeza bwanji zinthu zanu? Kodi munathetsa bwanji mantha oti mungakumane ndi chiwawa?
Kathy: Kuperewera kwa zinthu zoperekedwa nthawi zonse kunali kwenikweni. Ndikukumbukira ndili komweko nthawi ina madzi adatha. Inu mukudziwa, mwapita, modutsa, modutsa. Ndipo mwamwayi, mwininyumba adatenga udindo wokumba chitsime. Ndipo mwamwayi, patapita nthawi, madzi anagundidwa. Choncho, vuto ili lakusowa madzi linachepetsedwa.
Panali ngozi zambiri m'mabanja osiyanasiyana kotero kuti achinyamata ankakhala m'madzi osefukira ndi m'mapanga, ndipo zimbudzi nthawi zambiri zinali zachikale. Nthawi zonse ndikapita, m'nyengo yozizira iliyonse ndikakhala ku Afghanistan, banja lonse limakhala ndi matenda amtundu wa kupuma. Ndipo katatu, inenso ndinali ndi chibayo. Ndikutanthauza, ndinalibe chitetezo chomwe adamanga, ndipo ndakalamba. Choncho, anthu nthawi zonse ankakumana ndi zoopsa za thanzi.
Mpweya unali woipa kwambiri m’nyengo yozizira chifukwa m’madera osauka anthu sangakwanitse kugula nkhuni. Sangakwanitse kugula malasha, chifukwa chake adayamba kuwotcha matumba apulasitiki ndi matayala. Ndipo utsiwo ukanangopanga mpweya wabwino womwe unali woyipa kwambiri. Ndikutanthauza kuti mukamatsuka mano mumalavula malovu akuda. Ndipo sizabwino kwa anthu.
Ndimadabwa ndikulimba mtima kwa anzanga achichepere omwe amatha kupirira nyengo yozizira yozizira iyi. Palibe zotenthetsera m'nyumba, chifukwa chake mukudziwa, mumavala zovala zanu zonse, ndipo mumanjenjemera kwambiri masana.
Ndinasangalalanso ndikuti anali okonzeka kudziphatika, kukwera phiri, ndikuyendera akazi amasiye omwe adakakamizidwa kukwera phirilo. Mukakwera m'mwamba, madzi amakhala ochepa ndipo ndalama za lendi zimatsika, ndipo mumapeza akazi kukhala ndi nsapato. Ndipo njira yokhayo yomwe angawadyetse ana ndi kutumiza angapo a iwo kumsika kuti akafufuze, mukudziwa, pansi kumsika kuti apeze zotsalira za chakudya kapena kuyesa kuti ena alembetse ngati ana ogwira ntchito.
Ndipo kotero abwenzi anga aang'ono, mwa njira yomwe iwo anali kuyang'anira, mtundu wabwino kwambiri wowunika ndi zolemba zawo ndi zolembera zawo kufunsa amayi omwe ndi akuluakulu okha m'nyumba. Palibe munthu wopeza ndalama. Azimayi samatha kupita kukagwira ntchito. Ali ndi ana.
Ankawafunsa kuti, “Kodi mumadya nyemba kangati pa sabata?” Ndipo ngati yankho linali lakuti, “Mwina kawiri,” ngati anali kudya mkate kapena mpunga, ngati analibe madzi aukhondo, ngati mwana ndiye amene amapeza ndalama zambiri, ndiye kuti amatenga pepala lofufuzalo ndi kukhala wokoma mtima. kuyiyika pamwamba. Ndipo adapita kwa anthuwo nati, "Tawonani, tikuganiza kuti mwina titha kukuthandizani kudutsa nthawi yozizira. Pano pali zinthu zopangira bulangeti lolemera la quilt. Nayi nsalu. Inu mumazisoka izo. Tibwerera ndikutenga. Tidzakulipirani, ndipo tidzapereka kwaulere kwa othaŵa kwawo m’misasa ya anthu othaŵa kwawo.”
Ndiyeno ena - mnzanga wamng'ono yemwe tsopano ali ku India - amanditengera kumalo kumene anadzipereka ndi . Anali mphunzitsi wodzipereka, ndipo ana awa ankamukonda. Ndipo iye mwini akulimbana ndi vuto la muscular dystrophy. Sizovuta kwambiri kotero kuti amafunikira chikuku. Akhozabe kuyenda.
Ndinatchula zachifundo. Iye amangomvera chisoni kwambiri anthu ena amene akukumana ndi zinthu zimene sangazithe m’njira zina. Ndipo ndinangowona zimenezo mobwerezabwereza. Chifukwa chake, ndikawona ana akunena, "Kodi dziko lina linganditenge?" Ine ndimaganiza, “O mulungu wanga. Canada, United States, UK, Germany, Portugal, Italy.” Dziko lina lililonse liyenera kudumpha ndi chisangalalo kuti achinyamatawa alowe m'dziko lawo, monga momwe tiyenera kulandirira munthu aliyense wa ku Haiti amene akufuna kubwera kuno. Ndipo vomerezani, tili ndi zambiri zoti tigawane. Ntchito yochuluka yozungulira. Ndipo ngati tikuda nkhawa ndi ndalama, tengani $ 10 biliyoni kuchokera ku Air Force ndi kuwauza, "Mukudziwa chiyani? Sitingathe kulipira ndalama zanu za Over the Horizon kuti muphe anthu. ”
Stephanie: Kathy, ndikuganiza pomwe wolankhulira a Biden, poyankha zithunzi zomwe zili kumalire ndi anthu aku Haiti, adanena kuti ndizowopsa ndipo palibe chomwe chingakhale kuyankha koyenera. Ngakhale ndikuyamika mawuwo, zikuwoneka ngati zomveka komanso zaumunthu, ndikuganiza kuti tikhoza kutenga mfundoyi ndikuyikanso ku funso lalikulu la nkhondo. Kodi pali vuto lililonse lomwe likuwoneka ngati kuyankha koyenera mu 2021?
Kathy: Inde. Ndithudi. Mukudziwa, pali mabanja ambiri, ambiri, ambiri aku Haiti kuno ku United States omwe nawonso anali ndi zovuta, mosakayikira, kuwoloka malire. Koma angakhale okonzeka kutiuza kuti, “Umu ndi mmene mungalandirire anthu m’madera athu.” Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri zomwe anthu ammudzi ali nazo ndikumasula mphamvuzo.
Ndikutanthauza, ndili wotsimikiza kuti pali madera onse ku United States omwe angakumbukire pamene anthu aku Vietnamese adalowa m'mizinda yawo ndipo adangochita mantha ndi malonda ndi luntha lanzeru komanso ubwino womwe ambiri mwa othawa kwawo adabwera nawo. madera athu. Ine ndithudi ndinaziwona izo kumtunda kwa Chicago.
Nanga n’cifukwa ciani tiyenela kungoganiza kuti mwina ndife gulu lopatulika, lopambana, ndipo sitingathe kulandidwa ndi anthu amene akufuna kubwera m’dziko lathu? Chifukwa cha ubwino, dziko lino linali nyumba ya anthu omwe anaphedwa ndi oyambitsa ndi otsatira awo, poyamba. Anaphedwa chifukwa cha amwenye omwe ankadana nawo. Ndiyeno gulu lirilonse losamuka lomwe linabwera ku United States kawirikawiri linabwera chifukwa iwo anali kuthawa ankhondo ndi zizunzo mu maiko awo.
Chifukwa chake, bwanji osamvera chisoni? Bwanji osanena kuti aliyense alowe, osatuluka? Chotsani ndalama zankhondo ndikuchotsa zida zomwe zili m'gulu la zida ndikupeza njira zokhalira okondedwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti pasakhale chidani. Sitingawoneke ngati oopsa.
Stephanie: Ndipo zikuwonekanso, momwe mudafotokozera anthu aku Afghanistan ndi kuwolowa manja kwawo kwa inu ngati mlendo, ndichinthu chomwe Achimereka angaphunzire kuchokera ku Afghanistan.
Kathy: Inde, malingaliro osachita zachiwawa omwe akuphatikizapo kukonzekera kugawana chuma, kukonzekera kwakukulu kukhala wothandiza osati kulamulira ena. Ndi kukonzekera kwakukulu kukhala moyo wosavuta.
Mukudziwa, kachiwiri, ndikufuna kutsindika kuti pamene ndinali ku Kabul, sindimadziwa aliyense yemwe anali ndi galimoto. Ndinatha kuwona chifukwa chomwe bamboyu, Zemari Ahmadi, amaganiziridwa, mukudziwa, munthu wopita naye pafupi. Iye anali ndi galimoto. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwa anthu aku Afghan poyerekeza ndi dziko lonse lapansi pakuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikocheperako. Anthu alibe mafiriji. Ndithudi alibe zoziziritsira mpweya. Osati magalimoto ambiri. Njinga zambiri.
Anthu amakhala moyo wosalira zambiri. Palibe zotenthetsera m'nyumba. Anthu amatenga chakudya chawo mozungulira mozungulira pansi, ndipo amagawana chakudyacho ndi aliyense amene angakhale akulowa pakhomo. Ndipo izi ndizachisoni kwambiri, koma mukatha kudya mungaone m'modzi mwa anzathu achichepere akuyika zotsalira zilizonse mu thumba la pulasitiki, ndipo amapita nazo pa mlatho chifukwa amadziwa kuti okhala pansi pa mlatho ndi anthu omwe ali m'gulu la anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe adayamba kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ndipo zachisoni, chowonadi china chankhondo chinali chakuti ngakhale a Taliban poyambirira adathetsa kupanga opium, m'zaka za 20 zaulamuliro wa US, ngakhale mabiliyoni amatsanuliridwa muzamankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala opium adakwera m'mwamba. Ndipo ndi njira ina yomwe imakhudzira anthu ku United States komanso chifukwa kuchuluka kwa opiamu yochokera ku Afghanistan, kumachepetsa mtengo wa opiamu ndipo kumakhudza anthu ochokera ku UK kupita ku US komanso ku Europe ndi Middle East.
Michael: Inde. Kathy, zikomo kwambiri. Zomwezo zachitikanso ku Columbia. Timapita mmenemo ndikuphulitsa minda iyi ndikuyesera kuthetseratu koko ndipo pamapeto pake timayankha mosiyana. Ndinkafuna kugawana nanu zinthu zingapo. Ndinali pamsonkhano ku UK nthawi ina, kalekale, kwenikweni, ndipo funso la zomwe tikuchita ku Afghanistan linabwera.
Panali mayi wina yemwe analipo ku Afghanistan, ndipo anali kulira m'maso mwake. Ndipo izo, ndithudi, zinandikhudza ine kwambiri. Iye anati, “Inu mukudziwa, ife tikuphulitsa 'mapiri' awa ndipo kwa ife, iwo ndi mapiri chabe. Koma ali ndi njira zotulutsira madzi kuchokera kumapiri kupita kumidzi yomwe ili zaka mazana ambiri. Ndipo ichi ndi chiwonongeko chamtundu wina chomwe sitikuchiganizira. ” Kotero, icho chinali chinthu chimodzi.
Ndipo inayo ndi iyi. Ndikukumbukira zomwe Johan Galtung adanena, kuti adafunsapo anthu ambiri achiarabu zauchigawenga. Anafunsa kuti, “Ukufuna chiyani?” Ndipo inu mukudziwa zomwe iwo ananena? Tikufuna kulemekeza chipembedzo chathu. ” Ndipo sizikanatiwonongera kalikonse. Ndipo zomwezo ndi zoona kwa a Taliban.
Inde, ali ndi machitidwe omwe palibe amene angawalemekeze. Koma maziko ake n’chakuti ukapanda kulemekeza anthu pa chinthu chimene chili chapafupi kwambiri kwa iwo monga chipembedzo chawo, achita zinthu moipitsitsa. Kungoti, "Chabwino, tichita zambiri." "Tidzakonza bwino malangizo," monga momwe Shylock amanenera. Tiyenera kuchita china chake chotsutsana ndikusintha ma psychology. Ndi zomwe ndikuganiza.
Kathy: Ndikuganiza kuti tiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti chipembedzo chachikulu, ndikukhulupirira, m'dziko lathu lero chasanduka zankhondo. Ndikuganiza kuti miyambo yambiri yomwe imachitika m'nyumba zolambirira, mwanjira ina, imakhala yopangira utsi, ndipo imalepheretsa anthu kuwona kuti timayikadi chikhulupiriro chathu m'mphamvu yolamulira chuma cha anthu ena, kulamulira chuma cha anthu ena, ndikuchita. kuti mwachiwawa. Ndipo chifukwa tili ndi zimenezo kapena takhala ndi ulamuliro umenewo, takhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri - mwinamwake pogwiritsa ntchito mowa wambiri, ndi kulamulira kwakukulu kwa chuma chifukwa tikuyembekeza kupeza zinthu zamtengo wapatali za anthu ena pamitengo yotsika.
Chifukwa chake, ndikuganiza, mukudziwa, zipembedzo zathu zakhala zovulaza anthu ena monga za a Taliban. Sitingakhale tikukwapula anthu poyera panja, koma mukudziwa, pamene mabomba athu - awa, mwachitsanzo, drone ikawotcha mzinga wamoto wa gehena, mungaganize kuti mzingawo - sumangoponya mapaundi a 100 a chitsulo chosungunuka. galimoto kapena nyumba, komano mtundu wake waposachedwa, umatchedwa chida [R9X], umaphuka, pafupifupi, ngati masamba asanu ndi limodzi. Amawombera ngati ma switchblade. Zitsamba zazikulu, zazitali. Ndiye lingalirani wotchera udzu, mtundu wachikale. Amayamba kutembenuka ndikuduladula, kudula matupi a aliyense amene wagwidwa. Tsopano, inu mukudziwa, izo nzonyansa kwambiri, sichoncho izo?
Ndipo lingalirani ana a Ahmedi. Amenewo anali mapeto a moyo wawo. Kotero, tili ndi machitidwe oipa kwambiri. Ndipo kusachita zachiwawa ndi mphamvu yowona. Tiyenera kunena zoona ndi kudziyang’ana pagalasi. Ndipo zomwe ndanenazi ndizovuta kwambiri kuziwona. Koma ndikuganiza kuti pamafunika kuti timvetse bwino kuti ndife ndani komanso mmene tinganenere kuti, “Pepani. Pepani kwambiri,” ndikubweza zomwe zikunena kuti sitipitiliza izi.
Stephanie: Kathy Kelly, tatsala ndi mphindi zochepa chabe ndipo ndikudabwa kuti mukumva bwanji kuti dziko la Afghanistan silikhala patsogolo pa chikumbumtima cha anthu kwa zaka zambiri mpaka United States itachoka. Mwafunsidwa pa Democracy Now ndi National Catholic Reporter. Mwamva nkhani pompano. Anthu akufuna kulankhula nanu. Mukuganiza kuti timve chiyani kuti tisalole kuti izi zichoke pamene mitu yankhani yasiya kuloza? Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani?
Kathy: Inde, ndizowona kuti chidwi chinaperekedwa m'masabata atatu apitawa kuposa omwe adaperekedwa zaka 20 zapitazi ku Afghanistan. Ndi funso lalikulu kwambiri, koma ndikuganiza kuti nkhanizi zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa zenizeni zathu.
Ndipo chifukwa chake, mukazibweretsa ku koleji ya komweko kapena kuyunivesite yapafupi kwambiri, titha kufunsa maprofesa omwe adakhalapo kale komanso ma chancellors kuti adandaule ndi gawo la Afghanistan la maphunziro awo, gawo la maphunziro awo owonjezera. Tikaganizira za nyumba zolambirira, masunagoge ndi mizikiti ndi mipingo, tingawafunse kuti, kodi mungatithandize kupanga nkhawa zenizeni za anthu ochokera ku Afghanistan?
Kodi tingathandize kubweretsa othawa kwawo kudera lathu ndikuphunzira kwa iwo? Kodi titha kukhala ndi anthu omwe angagwirizane nawo ndikukhala chothandizira ana omwe ali ku Afghanistan pakali pano? Kapena kwa anthu omwe ali m'malo ovuta ku Pakistan? Kodi tingayang'ane kumakampani omwe timadya nawo chakudya komanso magulu azachilengedwe ndi akatswiri a zamalo ndi kunena kuti, "Mukudziwa chiyani? Ana awa ku Afghanistan amakonda kuphunzira za permaculture. Kodi titha kulumikizana mwanjira imeneyi ndikupitilizabe kulumikizana, kulumikizana, kulumikizana?"
Mukudziwa, ndafunsa anzanga achichepere ku Afghanistan, “Mukufuna kuganiza zolemba nkhani yanu. Mukudziwa, mwina mungalembe kalata yongopeka yopita kwa munthu amene anali wothawa kwawo chifukwa cha vuto lina.” Chifukwa chake, mwina titha kuchita zomwezo. Mukudziwa, kulemberana makalata ndikugawana nkhani. Zikomo chifukwa chofunsanso funso lofunikali.
Mafunso anu onse akhala - zili ngati mukubwerera. Ndine woyamikira kwambiri chifukwa cha nthawi yanu m'mawa uno. Zikomo pomvera. Inu awiri nthawi zonse mumamvetsera.
Stephanie: Zikomo kwambiri pobwera nafe lero. Ndipo m'malo mwa omvera athu, zikomo kwambiri, Kathy Kelly.
Kathy: Chabwino. Zabwino, zikomo. Chabwino, Michael. Chabwino, Stephanie.
Michael: Bye-bye, Kathy. Mpaka nthawi yotsatira.
Stephanie: Bye.
Kathy: Chabwino. Mpaka nthawi ina.
Stephanie: Tinkangolankhula ndi Kathy Kelly, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Voices in the Wilderness, omwe pambuyo pake adadziwika kuti Voices for Creative Nonviolence. Ndi co-coordinator ku Ban Killer Drones Campaign, wogwirizira ndi World Beyond War, ndipo anapita ku Afghanistan pafupifupi maulendo 30. Ali ndi malingaliro odabwitsa.
Tatsala ndi mphindi zochepa. Michael Nagler, chonde tipatseni Lipoti la Nonviolence. Mwakhala mukuyang'ana mozama za kuvulala kwamakhalidwe pambuyo pa zokambirana zathu zomaliza ndi Kelly Borhaug ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti mutha kuyankhula mochulukira momwe malingaliro amenewo akhala akukulira mu mphindi zingapo zikubwerazi.
Michael: Inde. Awa ndi ena mwa mafunso anu abwino, Stephanie. Ndinalemba nkhani, ndipo ndikukonzekera kulemba zambiri. Nkhaniyi imatchedwa, "Afghanistan ndi Moral Injury."
Mfundo yanga yayikulu ndikuti izi ndi ziwiri mwa zizindikiro zingapo zazikulu kwambiri, zosadziwika bwino zomwe zimatiuza, "Bwererani. Ukupita njira yolakwika.” Afghanistan imodzi imatanthawuza kuti kuyambira 1945, United States yawononga - pezani izi - $ 21 trillion. Tangoganizirani zomwe tikadachita ndi izi. $ 21 thililiyoni pamndandanda wautali wankhondo, zomwe palibe "yopambana" mwanjira wamba. Kundikumbutsa za munthu wina amene anati, “Simungapambane pankhondo monga momwe mungapambanire chivomezi.”
Mbali ina ya nkhani yanga, "Moral Injury" ili pamlingo wosiyana kwambiri, koma makamaka kufotokozera mwa njira, zomwe zimachita kwa munthu kutenga nawo mbali mu dongosolo lovulaza ndi kuvulaza ena.
Ife takhala tikulingalira izo, inu mukudziwa, “Ha-ha. Ndi vuto lanu, osati langa ayi.” Koma ngakhale kuchokera ku sayansi ya ubongo masiku ano, tikhoza kusonyeza kuti pamene muvulaza munthu wina, chovulalacho chimalembetsa mu ubongo wanu, ndipo ngati tingaganizire zimenezo, simungavulaze ena popanda kudzivulaza nokha. Sichikhulupiriro chabe cha makhalidwe abwino. Ndizowona mu sayansi yaubongo. Ngakhale pali mphamvu zamakhalidwe m'chilengedwe chonse, mbali imeneyo komanso mfundo yakuti monga njira yothetsera mavuto sikugwiranso ntchito. Tidzalimbikitsidwadi kupeza njira ina.
Chifukwa chake, ndiwunikira gulu lomwe likuwoneka ngati lachiyembekezo kwa ine. Ndi bungwe lalikulu, monga mabungwe ambiri lero omwe akupanga kusiyana kotere, ndi ogwirizana, magulu ena ambiri monga Maphunziro a Kusintha ndi zina zotero ndi gawo lake. Ndikutuluka kwa Ntchito, ndipo amatchedwa patsogolo.
Ndipo chomwe ndimakonda kwambiri pa izi, chifukwa ichi ndi chinthu chomwe ndikuganiza takhala tikuchisowa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikuti sikuti amangopanga dongosolo, koma ndiabwino kwambiri kukuthandizani kukonzekera cholinga china. kapena nkhani inayake. Koma akupanganso maphunziro ndi njira ndipo akugwira ntchito mwasayansi kwambiri.
Ndi yosavuta kuyang'ana mmwamba: basi patsogolo. Ndi webusaiti yokongola kwambiri ndipo zonse zokhudza gululi zandilimbikitsa kwambiri. Makamaka, ndipo tili pano pa Nonviolence Radio m'mawa uno, kuti amatchula kwambiri m'malo ofunikira kuti kusachita zachiwawa kumatsatiridwa pa chilichonse chomwe akuchita. Ndiye, ndiye Momentum.
Kuphatikiza pa nkhani yomwe ikubwera, "Afghanistan ndi Moral Injury," ndimafuna kunena kuti ku yunivesite ya Toledo pa 29 mwezi uno, September, padzakhala kuwonetsa filimu yathu. Panalinso chiwonetsero chaposachedwa ku Raleigh, North Carolina ku Triumphant Film Festival. Ndikuganiza kuti ayenera kukhala ndi mbiri yakale ya chilichonse chomwe chinawonetsedwa.
Ndiye, nchiyani china chikuchitika? Gosh kwambiri. Ife tiri pa mapeto a Sabata Yoyeserera Zachiwawa lomwe linatha pa 21st, International Day of Peace, osati mwangozi. Ndipo mwina ndanenapo izi kale, koma chaka chino panalibe zosachepera 4300 zochita ndi zochitika za munthu wopanda chiwawa zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira dzikolo.
Tikubwera posachedwa, Okutobala 1, dzulo la kubadwa kwa Mahatma Gandhi, ku Yunivesite ya Stanford bwenzi lathu Clay Carson adzakhala ndi malo otseguka komwe tingaphunzire zambiri za projekiti yosangalatsa yomwe ayambitsa, "Pulogalamu ya World House.” Chifukwa chake, pitani ku MLK Peace and Justice Center ku Stanford ndikuyang'ana malo otseguka ndikujambula nthawi imeneyo Lachisanu, Okutobala 1st.
Stephanie: Komanso Lachisanu pa Okutobala 1 tikhala tikuwonanso kanema wa The Third Harmony ndi Ela Gandhi yemwe anali pawailesi ya Nonviolence Radio masabata awiri apitawa. Izo zidzakhala mu chikondwerero cha Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse Lopanda Chiwawa, ndipo zikhalanso ku South Africa. Koma idzapezeka pa intaneti.
Michael, sitinanene kuti September 21st anali Tsiku la Mtendere Padziko Lonse. Metta Center imagwirizanitsidwa ndi United Nations kudzera ECOSOC. Tili ndi mwayi wapadera wofunsira. Bungwe lapadziko lonseli likugwira ntchito pa nkhani zamtendere komanso zopanda chiwawa. Ndife okondwa kuthandizira izi.
Ndipo pali nthawi yapaderayi pakati pa Seputembara 21 lomwe ndi Tsiku Lamtendere Padziko Lonse ndi Okutobala 2, lomwe ndi tsiku lobadwa la Mahatma Gandhi, komanso Tsiku Lopanda Zachiwawa Padziko Lonse, kuti ntchito zambiri zofunika zitha kuchitika, chifukwa chake Campaign Nonviolence ndi chifukwa chake zili choncho. wapadera kwa ife kukhala ndi munthu wodzipereka kwambiri kuthetsa nkhondo pawonetsero wathu lero, Kathy Kelly.
Tili othokoza kwambiri ku siteshoni ya amayi athu, KWMR, kwa Kathy Kelly kuti alowe nafe, a Matt Watrous potilemba ndikusintha chiwonetserocho, Annie Hewitt, kwa Bryan Farrell ku Kuchita Zosagwirizana, yemwe nthawi zonse amathandiza kugawana nawo chiwonetserochi ndikuchiyika pamenepo. Ndipo kwa inu, omvera athu, zikomo kwambiri. Ndipo kwa aliyense amene anathandizira kulingalira za malingaliro ndi mafunso awonetsero, zikomo kwambiri. Ndipo mpaka nthawi yotsatira, samalirani wina ndi mzake.
Chigawochi chili ndi nyimbo zochokera Zithunzi za DAF.
