Anthu achita zionetsero ku Nago, m'chigawo cha Okinawa, motsutsana ndi zomwe gulu lankhondo la US likukonzekera kusamutsidwa kudera lamphepete mwa mzindawo la Henoko pa Disembala 3, 2019. Chithunzi: Kyodo kudzera pa Zithunzi za AP
Wolemba Maia Hibbet, The Intercept, September 9, 2022
Bill Clinton adalonjeza kuti atseka mazikowo mu 1996. Koma mapulani omanga zambiri komanso kuyang'ana kwambiri pa Pacific kuyika zilumbazi ndi zamoyo zawo zapadera pachiwopsezo kwamuyaya.
PAMENE APRIL MASIKU ku Tokyo, Purezidenti wa US adalonjeza kuti achepetse kupezeka kwa asitikali ake ku Okinawa. Mamembala atatu aku US adagwiririra msungwana wazaka 12 wa ku Okinawan Seputembala yapitayi, ndipo anthu okwiya adakhala miyezi ingapo akutsutsa madera aku US aku Japan.
"Pamene Pulezidenti adatipempha kuti tiganizire zodetsa nkhawa za anthu a ku Okinawa ndipo ndinawadziwa, chifukwa cha zochitika zina zomvetsa chisoni zomwe mukudziwa bwino," adatero. anati Purezidenti Bill Clinton, ataimirira limodzi ndi Prime Minister waku Japan Ryutaro Hashimoto, m'mawu ake a Epulo 1996, "zinandivutitsa kuti zinthuzi sizinathe kuthetsedwa kale, nthawi ino isanafike." Oyang'anira ake adagwirizana kuti atseke Futenma Air Station, malo akuluakulu a Marine Corps mumzinda wa Ginowan wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Okinawan, pasanathe zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Lachiwiri madzulo ku Washington, 87 Okinawan ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi atumiza kalata ku House and Senate Armed Services Committees, kulimbikitsa Democratic Congress motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Joe Biden kuti pomaliza atseke mazikowo. Patha zaka 26 kuchokera pomwe Clinton adalonjeza kutha mwachangu kwa Futenma Air Station, ndipo maboma aku Japan ndi US atha zaka makumi ambiri akukankhira mapulani owononga chilengedwe omanga ndikusuntha zigoli kuti amalize. M'kupita kwa zaka, mwina Nthawi chifukwa kutsekedwa kwa Futenma kudachokera ku zoyerekeza zoyambirira za 2001-03 mpaka 2025, mpaka 2035, mpaka 2040, mpaka - monga olemba kalatayo amatsutsa - zenizeni, ayi.
Chithunzi chikuwonetsa Marine Corps Air Station Futenma ku Ginowan City, Okinawa Prefecture, pa Jan. 7, 2022. Chithunzi: Yomiuri Shimbun kudzera pa AP
Pomwe anthu wamba a ku Okinawan akudikirira, Futenma amakhalabe wotseguka, ndipo Marines omwe adayimilira pamenepo akupitilizabe kudziwika kuti alipo. Malo ozungulira awona helikopita yankhondo kuwonongeka ku Okinawa International University ndi chidutswa chimodzi chikugwera pa malo a Futenma No. 2 pulayimale. Ginowan ndi matauni ena a Okinawan apezeka ndi madzi oipitsidwa ochokera kunkhondo zapoizoni chithovu chozimitsa moto ndi mapaipi amafuta. Ndipo Futenma, ngakhale malo oyambira kukankhira kuti atseke, ili kutali ndi malo okhawo aku US omwe amayambitsa mavuto: Okinawa, wokhala ndi malo pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a kukula kwa Rhode Island, ali ndi zida zankhondo za 32 zaku US.
Chogwira ndikuti kutseka sikungotseka kwenikweni; ndikusamuka. M'maso mwa maboma a US ndi Japan, ntchito yatsopano yoyambira, yotchedwa Futenma Replacement Facility, kapena FRF, iyenera kumalizidwa Futenma isanatseke. Kuti amalize, boma la Japan liyenera kutaya zinyalala - zochokera ku nthawi-zotsutsana Malo ku Japan ndi Okinawa - kupita ku Henoko-Oura Bay, malo omwe ali ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana pafupifupi ma 26 miles kuchokera ku Futenma. Kalatayo inati: “Malinga a uinjiniya, palibe chiyembekezo choti mbali yake yeniyeniyo, malo otera pabwalo la ndege, “idzamangidwanso.” Kutsatira kafukufuku wa geological wopangidwa ndi boma la Japan, a pansi panyanja momwe njira yolumikizira ndegeyo idapangidwira akuonedwa "Yofewa ngati mayonesi."
Yolembedwa ndi mabungwe 52 ochokera ku Okinawa ndi Japan ndi 35 ochokera kunja, kuphatikizapo Asia Pacific American Labor Alliance, Center for Biological Diversity, ndi CODEPINK, kalatayo imabwera pa nthawi ya mikangano pakati pa mayiko ogwirizana ndi Kumadzulo ndi China chifukwa cha kudzilamulira kwa Taiwan. Chifukwa cha kuyandikira kwawo ku Taiwan, Okinawa - omwe zida zake zankhondo zaku US zimatenga 15 peresenti ya malo omwe ali pachilumba chachikulu - imadziwika kuti ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri. Kukulitsa malo kuti akhazikitse maziko atsopano, kuli kofunikira polimbana ndi China; kungoyerekeza mpaka 31 sikuli koyenera.
"Okinawa inali yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Taiwan, komanso ku lingaliro la kukakamiza kapena kukhala ndi China," James Lin, wolemba mbiri wa Taiwan wamakono ku yunivesite ya Washington, anauza The Intercept. "Chifukwa chake ndikuganiza kuti ngati pali mkangano wamtundu uliwonse kuti Okinawa akhudzidwa kwambiri."
Mu Marichi, boma la Japan analengeza Okinawa ndi "malo omenyera nkhondo" pakachitika ngozi ku Taiwan.
Mwezi watha, Nduna ya Chitetezo ku Japan Nobuo Kishi adauza atolankhani kuti zida zoponya zisanu zaku China zoyeserera zidatera “m’dera lachuma lokhalo la Japan” kwanthaŵi yoyamba. Miviyo, yotumizidwa poyankha mkangano kupita ku Taipei Wolemba Nyumba Nancy Pelosi, akuti adafika kumadzi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Hateruma: chimodzi mwa zilumba zakumwera kwa Okinawa Prefecture, pafupifupi mamailo 300 kuchokera pachilumba chachikulu komanso theka la mtunda kuchokera ku Taiwan.
Patangotha mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene, China yachita masewera olimbitsa thupi ambiri ndikuika zilango zachuma ku Taiwan, kulira drones ndi ndege kudutsa Taiwanese airspace ndi zoletsa kuitanitsa ndi kutumiza kunja kwa zipatso zosiyanasiyana, nsomba, ndi mchenga monga mndandanda wochulukirachulukira wa akuluakulu a boma la United States amene anapita kuchilumbachi.
Mndandanda wa alendo omwe ali pamwambawa adaphatikizapo Sens. Ed Markey, D-Mass., Ndi Marsha Blackburn, R-Tenn .; Reps. John Garamendi, D-Calif.; Don Beyer, D-Va.; Alan Lowenthal, D-Calif.; Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen, R-American Samoa; ndi abwanamkubwa achi Republican Eric Holcomb waku Indiana ndi Doug Ducey waku Arizona. Nthumwi zamsonkhanowu ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Taiwan, atero a Lin, ngakhale ulendo wa Pelosi "unali wowopsa ndipo udali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu ku Taiwan, potengera zilango zachuma, potengera mayeso a mizinga."
"Kukangana komwe kukukulirakulira pakati pa US ndi China kwapangitsa ambiri aife ku Okinawa kukhala osamasuka kukhala kuno," a Hideki Yoshikawa, mkulu wa Okinawa Environmental Justice Project komanso wolemba kalatayo, adalemba mu imelo ku The Intercept. Ngakhale akuyesera kuti asakhale wodetsa nkhawa kapena kutsindika za zovuta kwambiri, Yoshikawa adati, "zomwe zakhala zikuchitika ku Ukraine kuyambira Feb.
ZINTHU ZOTHANDIZA PAKATI Japan ndi Okinawa m'njira zambiri zikufanana ndi ubale womwe United States ili nawo ndi Hawaii. Mofanana ndi zilumba za Pacific, Okinawa nthawi ina ankalamulidwa ndi ufumu wamba, womwe umadziwika kuti Okinawa Ufumu wa Ryukyu. Imperial Japan ndi China zinavutikira kulamulira Ryukyus, yomwe idachita malonda ndi maufumu onse awiri kwazaka mazana ambiri, mpaka Japan idalanda dziko la Japan mu 1879. Utsamunda wopambana wa Japan udapanga chilumba cha Okinawa kukhala chigawo chaching'ono kwambiri cha dzikolo, chofanana ndi dziko la US. Ena a Ryukyuan tsopano akukonzekera kuti atchulidwe kuti ndi Amwenye - zomwe bungwe la United Nations lidalimbikitsa kuti Japan lipereke - koma boma la Japan likukanabe kuwazindikira.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse itatha, Japan idasiya gulu lake lankhondo komanso chigawo chakumwera kwambiri: Lamulo latsopano lamtendere m'malamulo limaletsa kukhala ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe lingathe kulakwa, ndipo Pangano la 1951 la San Francisco linayika Okinawa pansi pa US. kayendetsedwe ka boma. Zaka zoposa 20 pambuyo pake, zilumbazi zidabwereranso ku ulamuliro wa Japan, ndi chikhalidwe chakuti US ikhoza kusunga usilikali pamagulu ambiri - cholinga chake ngati "cholepheretsa" motsutsana ndi China komanso kuyimitsa chitetezo ku Japan. Tsopano, pamene mikangano ikuchulukirachulukira ku Taiwan, Okinawa akungotsala pang'ono kutha.
"Ngati mkangano wankhondo pakati pa maulamuliro awiri amphamvu (US ndi China), ndi Japan wokhudzidwa, ukhala wowona, mwina mwadongosolo kapena mwangozi, ndikuyembekeza, mizinga idzawuluka kuchokera ku China (kapena zombo zake zankhondo ndi ndege) kukagunda US. maziko ndi zida zankhondo zaku Japan zodzitchinjiriza ku Okinawa, "Yoshikawa adauza The Intercept.
United States idagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake ku Okinawa pakati pazovuta zam'mbuyomu zokhudzana ndi Taiwan: Panthawi yankhondo. Vuto Lachitatu la Taiwan Strait, oyang'anira Clinton adalamula gulu lankhondo zankhondo zaku US kuti zichoke ku Okinawa kudutsa mumtsinjewu poyankha mayeso angapo a zida zachi China. Zomwe zinachitika pakati pa 1995 ndi 1996 - ndi chimake chake chitangotsala pang'ono kutsekedwa kwa maziko a Futenma - zinali adatamandidwa monga "chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri cha asilikali a US ku Asia kuyambira nkhondo ya Vietnam" ndi BBC.
Mwezi watha, pazidendene za maulendo osiyanasiyana aku US Congress komanso chiwonetsero champhamvu cha China, zombo ziwiri zapamadzi zaku US kachiwiri. adayenda panyanja kudzera ku Taiwan Strait. A hawks ku Center for Strategic and International Studies atero amatchedwa zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano "The Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis".
Chithunzi chamumlengalenga chikuwonetsa ntchito yotaya zinyalala kudera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Henoko ku Nago City, Okinawa Prefecture, pa Dec. 10, 2021. Henoko wasankhidwa kukhala malo osamukira ku US Air Station Futenma. Chithunzi: Yomiuri Shimbun kudzera pa AP
“BOMA LA JAPAN ikuyesetsa kukhazikitsa pulojekiti ya FRF pofotokoza za kuletsa ziwopsezo zochokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo," a Yoshikawa ndi omwe adasaina nawo adalemba m'kalata yawo. Koma "pozindikira kufunikira kwa zovuta za pansi pa nyanja komanso kuthekera kwenikweni kwa zomangamanga za FRF zomwe zili ndi funso lalikulu, zonena za Boma zoletsa kuletsa ndi njira zake ndizosatsimikizika."
Lingaliro loyambirira la malowa likadafuna kuti boma lidzaze malowa - komwe kuli zamoyo zam'madzi zopitilira 5,000, kuphatikiza ma dugong omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha kwa Okinawa, madera osowa abuluu a coral, ndi mitundu yambiri ya nyama zakutchire. Anapeza mu 2009 yekha - ndi dothi. Lingaliro lamakono limafuna zomwe zimatchedwa kulimbikitsanso ntchito, kapena kuyendetsa zipilala zamchenga zophatikizika pansi panyanja kuti zilimbikitse kusasinthika kwake ndikuthandizira maziko ake.
"Ngakhale ntchito yolimbikitsira pansi panyanja ikuwunikiranso kwambiri dongosolo loyambirira, Okinawa Defense Bureau silinawunikenso mokwanira za chitetezo ndi kuthekera kwa zomangamanga," inatero kalatayo. Zotsatira zake, a Denny Tamaki, kazembe wa chigawo cha Okinawa - yemwe akukumana ndi mpikisano wosankhanso. makamaka yolunjika pa nkhani yoyambira pa Seputembara 11 - yakana mobwerezabwereza zopempha kuti avomereze zilolezo zomanga mazikowo. Boma la Japan lamugonjetsa mobwerezabwereza.
Kalatayo ikupemphanso boma la US kuti likakamize dipatimenti yachitetezo kuti iwulule liti, ndendende, idadziwa za nkhani yapansi panyanja ndikutulutsa malipoti ake. Boma la Japan sanavomereze vutolo mpaka 2019, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wa geological wa ku Japan adapeza mu 2015. Ofufuzawo atayesa mphamvu yoyendetsa spike pansi pa nyanja, adapeza kuti "m'malo mothamangitsidwa kunthaka ndi nyundo, kuyesa nsongayo inatsika ndi kulemera kwake.”
Ku Center for Strategic and International Study, yomwe imadziwika kuti ikumenya ng'oma zankhondo osati kulimbikitsa kudziletsa, a Mark Cancian adalemba mu 2020 za projekiti ya FRF kuti: "Zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke kuti [kumanga koyambira] kumalizidwe."
Ikadandaula ku Komiti Yoyang'anira Zida Zankhondo kuti ilimbikitse njira zankhondo zaku US, kalatayo ikuwona "zomvetsa chisoni kuti lamulo lomwe lidaperekedwa mu June 2020 ndi Readiness Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee, lomwe lingapemphe a DoD kuti aphunzire zovuta zapansi panyanja, sichinakhazikitsidwe mu 2021 National Defense Authorization Act. Panthawiyo, Tamaki anali posachedwapa anakumana ndi aphungu ku Washington, ndipo buku la Readiness Subcommittee la NDAA likanakakamiza Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo kuti iphunzire zapansi pa nyanja chifukwa cha kusasinthasintha kwake komanso kupezeka kwa mizere ya chivomezi. Koma sizinawonekere mu NDAA yomaliza. Ofesi ya Rep. John Garamendi, mpando wa Readiness Subcommittee, sanayankhe pempho la The Intercept kuti apereke ndemanga.
Yoshikawa akuyembekeza kuti, poganiza kuti kuteteza chilengedwe sikokwanira, kulephera kwathunthu kwa polojekiti ya FRF kudzalola opanga malamulo a US kuti awone kuti phindu lake ndilopambana.
"Mwachiwonekere, kumanganso malo ena akuluakulu a US ku Okinawa sikuchepa, koma kumawonjezera mwayi woukira," kalatayo imatsutsa m'mawu ake omaliza.
Yoshikawa adanenanso kuti zolemba za Msonkhano wa Geneva, zomwe zimafuna kuteteza anthu wamba pakati pa mikangano yankhondo, sizingakhale zopanda ntchito ku Okinawa: Kuyandikana kwapakati pakati pa maziko ndi mabungwe a anthu kungapangitse kuti chitetezo cha msonkhanowu chikhale chovuta, ngati sichitheka, kukakamiza.
"Tikadagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zishango za anthu pamabwalo ankhondo, osati mwanjira ina," adatero Yoshikawa. "Sitikufuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso sitikufuna kuti nyanja, nkhalango, madera ndi mlengalenga zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa mikangano ya mayiko."
