Art Kulimbana ndi Drones

Ndi Kathy Kelly, The Progressive, May 13, 2021

Ku High Line, malo otchuka okaona malo ku New York City, alendo kumadzulo kwa Lower Manhattan akukwera pamwamba pamisewu kupita kumalo omwe kale anali njanji yonyamula katundu ndipo tsopano ndi bata komanso modabwitsa. Apa oyenda kusangalala malo otseguka ngati paki pomwe amatha kuwona kukongola kwamatawuni, zaluso, komanso chidwi chokomerana.

Chakumapeto kwa Meyi, chithunzi cha Predator drone, chowonekera mwadzidzidzi pamwamba paulendo wa High Line ku 30th Street, chitha kuwoneka ngati chikuwunika anthu pansipa. "Kuyang'ana" kwa chosema choyera, choyera ndi Sam Durant, chotchedwa "Untitled (drone)," mmaonekedwe a Predator wakupha drone wankhondo waku US, kusesa mosayembekezereka pa anthu omwe ali pansipa, kuzungulira pamwamba pake chitsulo chachikulu chazitsulo, komwe kumawongoleredwa ndi mphepo.

Mosiyana ndi Predator weniweni, sikhala ndi mivi iwiri yamoto wa Hell ndi kamera yoyang'anira. Zochitika pakupulumutsa kwa drone sizichotsedwa pazithunzi za Durant. Komabe, akuyembekeza kuti zibweretsa zokambirana.

"Wopanda mutu (drone)" amatanthauza Mwetulirani mafunso "okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito ma drones, kuwunika, komanso kupha anthu m'malo akutali ndi pafupi," adatero a Durant m'mawu "komanso ngati gulu lathu tikugwirizana ndipo tikufuna kupitiriza izi."

Durant amayang'ana zaluso ngati malo oti mufufuze zotheka ndi njira zina.

Mu 2007, chidwi chofananacho chofunsa mafunso okhudza kupha anthu akutali chinalimbikitsa wojambula wa ku New York Wafaa Bilal, yemwe tsopano ndi pulofesa ku NYU's Tisch Gallery, kuti adzitsekere m'chipinda momwemo, kwa mwezi umodzi, ndi nthawi iliyonse yamasana, atha kukhala Kutalikirana ndi mfuti ya mpira wapenti. Aliyense pa intaneti amene angasankhe kumuwombera.

Iye anali kuwomberedwa nthawi zopitilira 60,000 ndi anthu ochokera kumayiko 128 osiyanasiyana. Bilal adatcha ntchitoyi "Mavuto Apakhomo." M'buku lotsatira, Wombani Iraqi: Art Life ndi Resistance Under Gun, Bilal komanso wolemba mnzake Kary Lydersen adalongosola zotsatira zabwino za ntchito ya "Kukangana Kwanyumba".

Kuphatikiza pa kufotokozera kwamasewera a paintal nthawi zonse motsutsana ndi Bilal, adalemba za omwe atenga nawo mbali pa intaneti omwe m'malo mwake adalimbana ndi zowongolera kuti Bilal asawomberedwe. Ndipo adalongosola zaimfa ya mchimwene wake wa Bilal, Hajj, yemwe adali anaphedwa ndi ndege yaku US yopita pansi mu 2004.

Polimbana ndi chiopsezo chowopsa chakufa mwadzidzidzi komwe anthu aku Iraq konse, Bilal, yemwe adakulira ku Iraq, ndi chiwonetserochi adasankha kukhala ndi mantha ambiri oti adzadzidzimuka mwadzidzidzi, osadziwitsidwa, akumenyedwa kutali. Anadzipanga yekha pachiwopsezo cha anthu omwe angafune kuti amuvulaze.

Patatha zaka zitatu, mu June 2010, Bilal adapanga "Ndi Kuwerengera”Zojambulajambula zomwe wolemba tattoo adalemba maina a mizinda ikuluikulu yaku Iraq kumbuyo kwa Bilal. Wopanga ma tattoo kenako adagwiritsa ntchito singano yake kuyika "madontho a inki, masauzande ndi zikwi za iwo — lililonse akuyimira wovulala pankhondo yaku Iraq. Madonthowa ajambulidwa kuderali pafupi ndi mzinda womwe munthuyo wamwalirako: inki yofiira ya asitikali aku America, inki ya ma ultraviolet kwa nzika zaku Iraq, zosaoneka pokhapokha ngati zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwakuda. ”

Bilal, Durant, ndi ojambula ena omwe amatithandiza kulingalira za nkhondo yankhondo yaku US yolimbana ndi anthu aku Iraq ndi mayiko ena ayenera kuthokozedwa. Ndizothandiza kufananizira ntchito za Bilal ndi Durant.

Drone yoyera, yosadetsedwa ikhoza kukhala fanizo loyenera yankhondo zaku US zaka zana zam'ma XNUMX zomwe zitha kukhala kutali kwambiri. Asananyamuke kupita kunyumba kukadya nawo limodzi ndi okondedwa awo, asirikali mbali ina ya dziko lapansi amatha kupha anthu omwe akuwakayikira kuti ali zigawenga mtunda kuchokera kunkhondo. Anthu omwe adaphedwa ndi ziwombankhanga za drone atha kukhala kuti akuyendetsa pamsewu, mwina akupita kwawo.

Akatswiri aku US amasanthula makanema angapo owonera kuchokera kumakamera a drone, koma kuwunika koteroko sikukuwulula zambiri za anthu omwe amayendetsa drone.

M'malo mwake, monga Andrew Cockburn adalemba mu Kukambirana kwa Mabuku a London, “Malamulo a sayansi ya chilengedwe amatikakamiza kuti tizipanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoletsedwa ya chithunzi kuchokera kuma drones akutali omwe palibe ndalama zomwe zingagonjetse. Pokhapokha ngati akujambulidwa kuchokera kutsika pang'ono komanso nyengo ikamveka bwino, anthu amawoneka ngati madontho, magalimoto ngati ziphuphu. ”

Mbali inayi, kufufuza kwa Bilal ndikumunthu waumwini, kutanthauzira kuzunzika kwa omwe akhudzidwa. Bilal adamva zowawa zazikulu, kuphatikiza zowawa zolembalemba, kutchula anthu omwe madontho awo amawonekera kumbuyo kwake, anthu omwe adaphedwa.

Kuganizira za "Wopanda dzina (drone)," ndizosangalatsa kukumbukira kuti palibe aliyense ku US amene angatchule anthu makumi atatu ogwira ntchito ku Afghanistan anaphedwa ndi drone waku US ku 2019. Woyendetsa ma drone aku US adaponyera chida mu msasa wa ogwira ntchito aku Afghanistan omwe akupumula atatha tsiku lokolola mtedza wa paini m'chigawo cha Nangarhar ku Afghanistan. Anthu ena makumi anayi adavulala. Kwa oyendetsa ndege aku US, oterewa amatha kuwoneka ngati madontho okha.

M'madera ambiri ankhondo, olemba zikhulupiriro olimba mtima molimba mtima amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe kuti alembe umboni wa anthu omwe akumenyedwa chifukwa chophwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe wa nkhondo, kuphatikizapo kuwukira kwa anthu wamba. Mwatana wa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, ku Yemen, amafufuza za kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu kochitidwa ndi magulu onse omenyera nkhondo ku Yemen. Mwa iwo lipoti, "Imfa Yakugwa Kuchokera Kumlengalenga, Kuvulaza Kwawo Kusagwiritsa Ntchito Gulu Lankhondo Laku United States ku Yemen," amawunika zigawenga khumi ndi ziwiri zaku US ku Yemen, khumi mwa zigawenga zaku US, pakati pa 2017 ndi 2019.

Ripotilo likuti osachepera anthu makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu za anthu aku Yemeni - amuna khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi, ana khumi ndi atatu, ndi akazi asanu ndi mmodzi - adaphedwa pomwe ena asanu ndi awiri adavulala pakuwukirako.

Kuchokera mu lipotilo, tikuphunzira za maudindo ofunikira omwe ophedwawo adachita monga mabanja komanso anthu ammudzi. Timawerenga za mabanja omwe analibe ndalama pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa omwe adalandira malipiro kuphatikiza oweta njuchi, asodzi, antchito, ndi madalaivala. Ophunzira adalongosola m'modzi mwa amuna omwe adaphedwa ngati mphunzitsi wokondedwa. Komanso mwa anthu omwe anamwalira panali ophunzira aku yunivesite komanso amayi apanyumba. Okondedwa omwe akulira maliro a omwe adaphedwa amaopa kuumva phokoso la drone.

Tsopano zikuwonekeratu kuti a Houthis ku Yemen atha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya 3-D kuti apange ma drones awo omwe adawombera pamalire, akumenya zigoli ku Saudi Arabia. Kuchulukana kwamtunduwu kudakhala kodziwikiratu.

US idalengeza posachedwapa kuti ikufuna kugulitsa ndege zankhondo makumi asanu ndi anayi za F-35 ku United Arab Emirates, ma drones khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu a Reaper, ndi mivi, mabomba ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. United Arab Emirates yagwiritsira ntchito zida zake polimbana ndi anthu ake ndipo yathamangitsa ndende zoyipa kwambiri ku Yemen komwe anthu amazunzidwa ndikuphwanyidwa ngati anthu, zomwe zikuyembekezera aliyense wotsutsa mphamvu ku Yemen.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa drone yoyang'ana anthu ku Manhattan kumatha kubweretsa zokambirana zambiri.

Kunja kwa malo ambiri ankhondo mosatekeseka mkati mwa United States — pomwe ma drones amayesedwa kuti aphe anthu ku Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Somalia, Syria, ndi mayiko ena - omenyera ufulu wawo akhala akuchita zochitika zaluso mobwerezabwereza. Mu 2011, ku Hancock Field ku Syracuse, omenyera ufulu wawo adagwidwa ndi "kufa" pomwe adangogona, pachipata, ndikudziphimba ndi mapepala amwazi.

Mutu wa chosema cha Sam Durant, "Wopanda dzina (drone)," umatanthawuza kuti mwanjira ina ulibe dzina, monga ambiri mwa omwe adazunzidwa ndi US Predator drones omwe adapangidwa kuti afanane nawo.

Anthu m'malo ambiri padziko lapansi sangathe kulankhula. Mofananamo, sitimazunzidwa kapena kufa chifukwa chotsutsa. Titha kunena nkhani zakuti anthu akuphedwa tsopano ndi ma drones athu, kapena kuwonera mlengalenga ndikuwachita mantha.

Tiyenera kunena nkhanizi, zenizeni, kwa oimira athu osankhidwa, kumadera achipembedzo, kwa ophunzira, atolankhani komanso kwa abale athu ndi abwenzi. Ndipo ngati mumadziwa aliyense ku New York City, auzeni kuti ayang'anire Predator drone kumunsi kwa Manhattan. Izi zongonamizira kuti ndi drone zitha kutithandiza kuthana ndi zowona ndikufulumizitsa kukankhira kwapadziko lonse lapansi kuletsa wakupha ma drones.

Kathy Kelly wagwira ntchito pafupifupi theka la zana kuti athetse nkhondo zankhondo komanso zachuma. Nthawi zina, kulowerera kwake kumamutsogolera kunkhondo ndi ndende. Amatha kufikira: Kathy.vcnv@gmail.com.