Anthu aku Palestina akuyang'ana bomba lomwe silinaphulitsidwe lomwe linaponyedwa ndi ndege yankhondo yaku Israeli ya F-16 mdera la Gaza City ku Rimal pa 18 Meyi 2021 (AFP / Mahmud Hams)
ndi Frank Andrews, Middle East Diso, May 18, 2021.
Kwa nthawi yopitilira sabata, Israeli yadzaza Gaza ndi mabomba, ponena kuti ikulimbana ndi "zigawenga" za Hamas. Koma nyumba zogona, malo ogulitsa mabuku, zipatala komanso zazikulu Labu loyesera la Covid-19 awonongedwa.
Malinga ndi malipoti, kuphulika kwa Israeli komwe kwazunguliridwa, komwe kwapha anthu osachepera 213, kuphatikiza ana 61, mwina ndi mlandu wankhondo. Amnesty International.
Makomboti osankhika a Hamas adawombera kumpoto kuchokera ku Gaza, komwe kwapha anthu 12, atha kukhala a nkhanza za nkhondo, malinga ndi gulu lomenyera ufulu.
Koma pomwe Hamas ili ndi bomba lomwe limapangidwa kuchokera zopangira kunyumba komanso zozembetsa, Zomwe ndi zowopsa chifukwa sizimayendetsedwa, Israeli ali ndi luso, zida zankhondo zenizeni ndi zake makampani opanga zida akutukuka. Ndi fayilo ya wotumiza zida zazikulu zisanu ndi zitatu pa dziko lapansi.
Zida zankhondo zaku Israeli zimalimbikitsidwanso ndikunyamula zida zamtengo wapatali zokwana madola mabiliyoni ochokera kunja.
Awa ndi mayiko ndi makampani omwe akupereka zida ku Israeli, ngakhale ali ndi mbiri yokhudza milandu yankhondo.
United States
United States ndiye ikutumiza zida zankhondo zazikulu kwambiri ku Israel. Pakati pa 2009-2020, zoposa 70 peresenti ya zida zomwe Israeli adagula zidachokera ku US, malinga ndi Bungwe la International Research Research Institute la Stockholm (Sipri) Nambala yosamutsira zida zankhondo, yomwe imangophatikiza zida zazikulu zodziwika bwino.
Malinga ndi manambala a Sipri, US idatumiza zida ku Israel chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1961.
Ndizovuta kutsatira zida zomwe zaperekedwadi, koma pakati pa 2013-2017, US idapereka $ 4.9bn (£ 3.3bn) m'manja mwa Israeli, malinga ndi UK Kampeni Yolimbana ndi Malonda a Zida (CAAT).
Mabomba opangidwa ku US ajambulidwa ku Gaza masiku aposachedwa, nawonso.
Kutumiza kumayiko ena kwachulukirachulukira ngakhale nthawi zambiri pomwe asitikali aku Israeli akuimbidwa mlandu wochita milandu yankhondo yolimbana ndi Apalestine.
US idapitilizabe kutumiza zida ku Israel pomwe zidatuluka ku 2009, mwachitsanzo, kuti asitikali aku Israeli adagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zoyera za phosphorous ku Palestina - mlandu wankhondo, malinga ndi Human Rights Watch.
Mu 2014, Amnesty International adadzudzula Israeli pamlandu womwewo pazowononga zomwe zidapha anthu ambiri ku Rafah, kumwera kwa Gaza. Chaka chotsatira, mtengo wogulitsa kunja kwa zida zaku US ku Israel udatsala pang'ono kuwirikiza, malinga ndi ziwerengero za Sipri.
Purezidenti wa US a Joe Biden "adawonetsa kuti akuthandizira kuthetsa nkhondo”Lolemba, atapanikizika ndi Democrat a Senate. Koma zidadziwikanso koyambirira kwa tsikulo kuti oyang'anira ake anali atangovomereza $ 735m posinthana zida ku Israel, the Washington Post lipoti. Mademokrasi a Komiti Yachilendo Yanyumba akuyembekezeka kupempha oyang'anira kuchedwetsa kugulitsa kudikira kubwereza.
Ndipo pamgwirizano wothandizana ndi chitetezo kuyambira 2019-2028, US idavomereza - malinga ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi msonkhano - kuti ipatse Israeli $ 3.8bn pachaka ndalama zakunja zakunja, zomwe zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito Zida zopangidwa ndi US.
Ndiye pafupifupi 20% ya bajeti yodzitchinjiriza ku Israeli, malinga ndi NBC, ndipo pafupifupi magawo atatu mwa asanu azachuma zaku US zakunja padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma US nthawi zina imaperekanso ndalama zowonjezera, pamwamba pa zopereka zake zapachaka. Wapereka fayilo ya $ 1.6bn owonjezera kuyambira 2011 ya anti-missile system ya Israeli, yomwe mbali zake zimapangidwa ku US.
"Israeli ali ndi mafakitale otsogola kwambiri omwe atha kupititsa patsogolo kuphulitsa mabomba kwakanthawi kochepa," a Andrew Smith aku CAAT adauza Middle East Eye.
"Komabe, ndege zake zazikulu zankhondo zimachokera ku US," adanenanso, akunena Ndege zankhondo zaku US F-16, zomwe zikupitilizabe kuphulitsa Mzere. "Ngakhale kuthekera kwakumanga zilipo mu Israeli, mwachidziwikire atenga nthawi yayitali kusonkhana.
"Kumbali ya zida zankhondo, zambiri mwa izi zimatumizidwa kunja, koma ndikuyembekeza kuti zitha kupangidwa ku Israeli. Zachidziwikire, pankhani yongoganizira iyi, kusintha zida zankhondo kunyumba kungatenge nthawi ndipo sikungakhale kotchipa. ”
“Koma kugulitsa zida zankhondo sikuyenera kuwonedwa kwayokha. Amalimbikitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa kwambiri pandale, "adawonjezera a Smith. "Thandizo la US, makamaka, ndilofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kulanda anthu ntchito ndikuloleza ntchito zophulitsa bomba monga tawona masiku aposachedwa."
Mndandanda watali wamakampani achinsinsi aku US omwe akuchita nawo kupereka zida ku Israeli akuphatikizira Lockheed Martin, Boeing; Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, Ametek, UTC Aerospace, ndi Raytheon, malinga ndi CAAT.
Germany
Wachiwiri wachiwiri wogulitsa zida zankhondo ku Israeli ndi Germany, yemwe anali ndi 24% ya zida zankhondo zaku Israeli zomwe zatumizidwa pakati pa 2009-2020.
Germany sikupereka chidziwitso pazida zomwe amapereka, koma idapereka ziphaso zogulitsa zida ku Israeli zamtengo wokwanira 1.6 biliyoni ($ 1.93bn) kuyambira 2013-2017, malinga ndi CAAT.
Ziwerengero za Sipri zikuwonetsa kuti Germany idagulitsa zida ku Israeli mzaka za 1960 ndi 1970, ndipo zakhala zikuchita izi chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1994.
Zokambirana zoyambirira zodzitchinjiriza pakati pa mayiko awiriwa zidayamba ku 1957, malinga ndi Haaretz, yomwe idati mu 1960, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion adakumana ku New York ndi Chancellor waku Germany Konrad Adenauer ndikutsindika "Kufunika kwa Israeli kwa sitima zapamadzi zazing'ono komanso zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege".
Pomwe US idathandizira pazosowa zambiri zaku Israeli zodzitchinjiriza, Germany ikuperekabe sitima zapamadzi.
Wopanga zombo zaku Germany ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems wamanga zisanu ndi chimodzi Sitima zapamadzi za Dolphin ya Israeli, malinga ndi CAAT, pomwe kampani yoyang'anira ku Germany Renk AG imathandizira kukonzekeretsa akasinja aku Merkava aku Israeli.
Chancellor waku Germany Angela Merkel adalankhula za "mgwirizano" ndi Israeli poyitanirana ndi Netanyahu Lolemba, malinga ndi mneneri wake, kutsimikiziranso "ufulu wadzitchinjiriza" mdzikolo polimbana ndi ma rocket ochokera ku Hamas.
Italy
Italy ikutsatira, popeza idapereka 5.6% yazogulitsa zazikulu zankhondo zaku Israeli pakati pa 2009-2020, malinga ndi Sipri.
Kuchokera mu 2013-2017, Italy idapereka zida zankhondo zokwana ma 476m ($ 581m) ku Israel, malinga ndi CAAT.
Mayiko awiriwa achita mgwirizano m'zaka zaposachedwa pomwe Israeli adapeza ndege zowaphunzitsira mivi ndi zida zina, malinga ndi News Defense.
Italy idalumikizana ndi mayiko ena aku Europe ku kutsutsa malo okhala ku Israeli ku Sheikh Jarrah ndi kwina kulikonse koyambirira kwa Meyi, koma dzikolo likupitilizabe kutumiza zida kunja.
'Doko la Livorno silidzathandizira kupha anthu aku Palestina'
- Unione Sindicale di Base, Italy
Ogwira ntchito padoko ku Livorno adakana Lachisanu kukweza sitima yonyamula zida kupita ku doko la Israeli ku Ashdod, atadziwitsidwa ndi NGO yaku Italiya The Weapon Watch pazomwe zanyamula.
"Doko la Livorno silidzathandizira kupha anthu aku Palestina," Unione Sindicale di Base inatero. mawu.
Weapon Watch idalimbikitsa akuluakulu aku Italiya kuti aimitse "zina kapena zonse zankhondo zaku Italiya zotumiza kumadera omwe kuli mikangano pakati pa Israeli ndi Palestine".
Malinga ndi CAAT, AgustaWestland, kampani yothandizana ndi ku Italy, imapanga zida zama helikopita omwe amaukira a Apache omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Israeli.
United Kingdom
UK, ngakhale sichipezeka pamasamba a Sipri m'zaka zaposachedwa, imagulitsanso zida ku Israeli, ndipo yapatsa chilolezo cha $ 400m m'manja kuyambira 2015, malinga ndi CAAT.
NGO ikufuna UK kuti ithetse kugulitsa zida zankhondo komanso kuthandizira asitikali ankhondo aku Israeli komanso fufuzani ngati zida zaku UK zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphulitsa Gaza.
Ndalama zomwe UK amatumiza ku Israeli ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa manambala omwe amapezeka pagulu, chifukwa chazida zogulitsa zida, "ziphaso zotseguka", makamaka zilolezo zogulitsa kunja, zomwe zimasunga kufunika kwa zida ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Smith waku CAAT adauza MEE kuti pafupifupi 30-40% ya zida zogulitsa ku UK ku Israel zikuyenera kuti zidachitika ndi chilolezo, koma "sitikudziwa" zida zawo kapena momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
"Pokhapokha ngati Boma la UK likhazikitsa kafukufuku wake, ndiye kuti palibenso njira ina yodziwira zida zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupatula kudalira zithunzi zomwe zatuluka m'dera limodzi mwamikangano padziko lapansi - yomwe si njira yoyenera makampani opanga zida zankhondo adzaimbidwa mlandu, ”adatero a Smith.
"Momwe timadziwira za nkhanza izi mwina tikudalira anthu okhala m'malo ankhondo kuti azitenga zithunzi za zida zomwe zikugwa pafupi ndi iwo kapena atolankhani," adatero a Smith.
"Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse titha kutenga zida zambiri zomwe sitidziwa."
Makampani achinsinsi aku Britain omwe amathandizira kupatsa Israeli zida kapena zida zankhondo akuphatikiza BAE Systems; Atlas Elektronik UK; MPE; Meggitt, Penny + Giles Kuwongolera; Redmayne Engineering; Senior PLC; Land Rover; ndi G4S, malinga ndi CAAT.
Kuphatikiza apo, UK imagwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni a mapaundi pachaka pa zida zankhondo zaku Israeli. Elbit Systems, wopanga zida zazikulu kwambiri ku Israeli, ali ndi mabungwe angapo ku UK, monganso opanga zida zingapo ku US.
Mmodzi mwa mafakitale awo ku Oldham wakhala akuwonekera kwa otsutsa a Palestina m'miyezi yaposachedwa.
Zida zambiri zomwe UK idatumiza ku Israeli - kuphatikiza ndege, Drones, mabomba, mabomba, mfuti ndi zipolopolo - "ndi mtundu wa zida zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya bomba", malinga ndi chikalata cha CAAT, ponena za bomba lomwe likupitilirabe.
"Sizingakhale koyamba," adaonjeza.
Ndemanga ya boma mu 2014 yapezeka Ziphatso 12 chifukwa cha zida zomwe zidawagwiritsa ntchito pophulitsa bomba ku Gaza chaka chomwecho, pomwe mu 2010, Secretary of Foreign, a David Miliband adati zida zopangidwa ku UK "pafupifupi ndithu”Akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pomenya nkhondo ndi mabomba ku Israel mu 2009.
"Tikudziwa kuti zida zopangidwa ku UK zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi Apalestina kale, koma izi sizinachitepo kanthu kuti zida zankhondo ziziyenda," atero a Smith.
"Kuyenera kuyimitsidwa kogulitsa zida ndikuwunikanso ngati zida zaku UK zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ngati zikukhudzidwa ndi milandu yankhondo."
"Kwa zaka makumi ambiri tsopano, maboma otsatizana alankhula zakudzipereka kwawo pakumanga mtendere, kwinaku akupitilizabe kumenya nkhondo ndikuthandizira ankhondo aku Israeli," adawonjezera a Smith. "Kugulitsa zida zankhondo sikuti kumangopereka thandizo lankhondo, komanso kumapereka chisonyezo chotsimikizika chothandizidwa ndi andale pantchito ndikulanda komanso zachiwawa zomwe zikuchitika."
Canada
Canada idalemba pafupifupi 0.3% yaku Israeli yotumiza zida zazikulu pakati pa 2009-2021, malinga ndi manambala a Sipri.
Jagmeet Singh wa New Democratic Party ku Canada sabata yatha adapempha Canada kuti iyimitse kugulitsa zida kwa Israeli kutengera zochitika zaposachedwa.
Canada idatumiza $ 13.7m ku zida zankhondo ndi ukadaulo ku Israel ku 2019, zomwe zikufanana ndi 0.4% yazogulitsa zida zonse, malinga ndi The Globe and Mail.
