Wolemba WILPF, IPB, WBW, Novembala 6, 2022
Wokondedwa Secretary Executive Stiell ndi Director Violetti,
Potsogolera ku Msonkhano wa Maphwando (COP) 27 ku Egypt, mabungwe athu, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), International Peace Bureau ndi World BEYOND War, akulembera limodzi kalata yotsegukayi yokhudzana ndi nkhawa zathu zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wa asilikali ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta za nyengo. Pamene mikangano yankhondo ikukulirakulira ku Ukraine, Ethiopia ndi South Caucasus, tili ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti kutulutsa zida zankhondo ndi ndalama zomwe zikuwonongetsa patsogolo pa Pangano la Paris.
Tikupempha Secretariat ya United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC) kuti ipange kafukufuku wapadera ndikuwonetsa poyera za mpweya wa carbon wa asilikali ndi nkhondo. Tikupemphanso kuti Secretariat iphunzire ndikupereka lipoti la ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo pazachuma chanyengo. Tili ndi nkhawa kuti ndalama zotulutsa zankhondo ndi ndalama zikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikulepheretsa mayiko kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo. Tilinso ndi nkhawa kuti nkhondo zomwe zikuchitika komanso zida zapakati pa mayiko zikuwononga mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wofunikira kuti tikwaniritse mgwirizano wa Paris ndi United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake, UNFCCC sinakhazikitse ndondomeko ya COP nkhani yotulutsa mpweya kuchokera kunkhondo ndi nkhondo. Tikuzindikira kuti bungwe la Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) lapeza kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa nyengo komwe kumayambitsa mikangano yachiwawa koma bungwe la IPCC silinaganizirepo za kuchuluka kwa mpweya wochokera kunkhondo kupita ku kusintha kwa nyengo. Komabe, asitikali ndi omwe amadya mafuta ambiri komanso otulutsa mpweya wambiri m'maboma a zipani za boma. Asilikali a ku United States ndi omwe amagula mafuta ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. The Costs of War Project ku Brown University idatulutsa lipoti mu 2019 lotchedwa "Pentagon Fuel Use, Climate Change, and the Costs of War" lomwe lidawonetsa kuti kutulutsa mpweya kwa asitikali aku US ndikwambiri kuposa mayiko ambiri aku Europe. Mayiko ambiri akugulitsa zida zatsopano zamafuta opangira mafuta, monga ndege zankhondo, zombo zankhondo ndi magalimoto okhala ndi zida, zomwe zingayambitse kutsekeka kwa mpweya kwazaka zambiri ndikuletsa kutulutsa mpweya mwachangu. Komabe, alibe ndondomeko zokwanira zothetsera mpweya wa asilikali ndi kukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon ndi 2050. Tikupempha kuti UNFCCC ikhazikitse ndondomeko ya COP yotsatira nkhani ya usilikali ndi nkhondo.
Chaka chatha, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo padziko lonse lapansi zidakwera kufika pa $2.1 thililiyoni (USD), malinga ndi Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Mayiko asanu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri zankhondo ndi United States, China, India, United Kingdom ndi Russia. Mu 2021, US idawononga $ 801 biliyoni pazankhondo zake, zomwe zidatenga 40% ya ndalama zankhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kupitilira mayiko asanu ndi anayi otsatira kuphatikiza. Chaka chino, oyang'anira a Biden awonjezeranso ndalama zankhondo zaku US kufika pa $840 biliyoni. Mosiyana ndi bajeti ya US ya Environmental Protection Agency, yomwe imayang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi $ 9.5 biliyoni yokha. Boma la Britain likukonzekera kuwirikiza kawiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo kufika pa £ 100 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030. Choipa kwambiri, boma la Britain linalengeza kuti lidzachepetsa ndalama kuchokera ku kusintha kwa nyengo ndi thandizo lakunja kuti liwononge ndalama zambiri ku Ukraine. Germany idalengezanso kukwera kwa € 100 biliyoni ku ndalama zake zankhondo. Mu bajeti yaposachedwa ya feduro, Canada idakulitsa bajeti yake yachitetezo pakali pano pa $35 biliyoni/chaka ndi $8 biliyoni pazaka zisanu zikubwerazi. Mamembala a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) akuwonjezera ndalama zankhondo kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha 2% GDP. Lipoti laposachedwa lachitetezo cha NATO likuwonetsa kuti ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo m'maiko makumi atatu omwe ali mamembala zidakwera kwambiri pazaka zapitazi za 7 kuchokera pa $ 896 biliyoni mpaka $ 1.1 trillion USD pachaka, yomwe ndi 52% ya ndalama zankhondo zapadziko lonse lapansi (Tchati 1). Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumaposa $211 biliyoni pachaka, zomwe zimaposa kuwirikiza kawiri kulonjeza kwachuma kwanyengo.
Mu 2009 pa COP 15 ku Copenhagen, mayiko olemera a Kumadzulo adalonjeza kukhazikitsa thumba la pachaka la $ 100 biliyoni pofika 2020 kuti athandize mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuti agwirizane ndi vuto la nyengo, koma adalephera kukwaniritsa cholingachi. Mwezi watha wa Okutobala, maiko aku Western motsogozedwa ndi Canada ndi Germany adasindikiza a Climate Finance Delivery Plan ponena kuti zitenga mpaka 2023 kukwaniritsa zomwe alonjeza kuti azisonkhanitsa $ 100 biliyoni chaka chilichonse kudzera mu Green Climate Fund (GCF) kuthandiza mayiko osauka kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo. . Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ndi omwe amayambitsa mavutowa, koma ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo chifukwa cha nyengo ndipo amafunikira ndalama zokwanira kuti azitha kusintha komanso kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka.
Pa COP 26 ku Glasgow, mayiko olemera adagwirizana kuwirikiza kawiri ndalama zawo kuti azitha kusintha, koma alephera kutero ndipo alephera kugwirizana pazandalama zotayika ndi zowonongeka. Mu Ogasiti chaka chino, GCF idakhazikitsa kampeni yake yobwezeretsanso kachiwiri kuchokera kumayiko. Ndalamazi ndizofunika kwambiri kuti athe kupirira nyengo komanso kusintha kwachilungamo komwe kumagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi komanso madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo. M’malo molinganiza chuma cha chilungamo cha nyengo, chaka chathachi, maiko a Kumadzulo awonjezera mofulumira ndalama za boma kaamba ka zida ndi nkhondo. Tikupempha kuti UNFCCC ikweze nkhani ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo monga gwero la ndalama zothandizira nyengo: GCF, Adaptation Fund, ndi Loss and Damage Financing Facility.
Mu Seputembala, pamkangano waukulu ku United Nations, atsogoleri amayiko ambiri adadzudzula kuwononga ndalama zankhondo ndikulumikizana ndi vuto lanyengo. Prime Minister waku Solomon Islands Manasseh Sogavare anati, "N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti chuma chambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo kuposa kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo, izi nzomvetsa chisoni kwambiri." Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Costa Rica Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Costa Rica, Arnaldo André-Tinoco adafotokozera,
“N’zosatheka kuganiza kuti pamene anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akuyembekezera katemera, mankhwala kapena chakudya kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo, mayiko olemera kwambiri akupitiriza kuika patsogolo chuma chawo pa zida zankhondo n’kumawonongera moyo wa anthu, nyengo, thanzi lawo komanso kuchira kwawo moyenera. Mu 2021, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo padziko lonse lapansi zidapitilira kukwera kwa chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri motsatizana kuti zifike pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri womwe sitinawonepo m'mbiri. Dziko la Costa Rica lero likubwereza kuyitanitsa kwake kuti achepetse pang'onopang'ono komanso kosalekeza pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo. Chifukwa cha zida zochulukira zomwe timapanga, m'pamenenso timathawa ngakhale kuyesetsa kwathu pakuwongolera ndi kuwongolera. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kuika patsogolo miyoyo ndi moyo wa anthu ndi dziko lapansi kuposa phindu lopeza zida ndi nkhondo. "
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti Costa Rica inathetsa asilikali ake mu 1949. Njira iyi yochotsera asilikali zaka 70 zapitazi yachititsa kuti dziko la Costa Rica likhale mtsogoleri pa zokambirana za decarbonization ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Chaka chatha ku COP 26, Costa Rica idakhazikitsa "Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance" ndipo dzikolo litha kuyika magetsi ake ambiri pazowonjezera. Pamkangano waukulu wa UN wa chaka chino, Purezidenti wa Colombia Gustavo Petro Urrego adadzudzulanso nkhondo "zopangidwa" ku Ukraine, Iraq, Libya, ndi Syria ndipo adati nkhondo zakhala chifukwa choletsa kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo. Tikupempha kuti UNFCCC ikumane ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi nkhondo, nkhondo ndi mavuto a nyengo.
Chaka chatha, asayansi Dr. Carlo Rovelli ndi Dr. Matteo Smerlak adayambitsa bungwe la Global Peace Dividend Initiative. Adanenanso m'nkhani yawo yaposachedwa "A Small Cut in World Military Spending Could Help Fund Climate, Health and Poverty Solutions" yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Scientific American kuti mayiko akuyenera kutumiza ena mwa $ 2 thililiyoni "yowonongeka chaka chilichonse pampikisano wa zida zapadziko lonse" kupita ku Green. Climate Fund (GCF) ndi ndalama zina zachitukuko. Mtendere ndi kuchepetsa ndi kugawanso ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zankhondo kuti zithandizire pazanyengo ndizofunikira kuti kutentha kwa dziko kukhale madigiri 1.5. Tikuyitanitsa Secretariat ya UNFCCC kuti igwiritse ntchito ofesi yanu kudziwitsa anthu za zotsatira za kutulutsa usilikali komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo pazovuta zanyengo. Tikukupemphani kuti muyike nkhanizi pa ndondomeko ya COP yomwe ikubwera ndikupereka kafukufuku wapadera ndi lipoti la anthu. Nkhondo zankhondo zowononga mpweya komanso kukwera kwa ndalama zankhondo sizinganyalanyazidwenso ngati tili ndi chidwi chofuna kupewa kusintha kwanyengo.
Pomaliza, timakhulupirira kuti mtendere, kuchotsera zida ndi kuchotsa zida ndizofunikira pakuchepetsa, kusintha kusintha, komanso chilungamo chanyengo. Tikufuna mwayi wokumana nanu pafupifupi ndipo titha kulumikizana ndi ofesi ya WILPF yomwe ili pamwambapa. WILPF itumizanso nthumwi ku COP 27 ndipo tingasangalale kukumana nanu pamasom'pamaso ku Egypt. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mabungwe athu ndi magwero azidziwitso zomwe zili mukalata yathu zili pansipa. Tikuyembekezera yankho lanu. Zikomo chifukwa chomvetsera nkhawa zathu.
modzipereka,
Madeleine Rees
Mlembi Wamkulu
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
Sean Conner
Executive Director International Peace Bureau
David Swanson Co-Woyambitsa ndi Executive Director
World BEYOND War
ZA MABANGA ATHU:
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF): WILPF ndi bungwe lokhala ndi umembala lomwe limagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo zachikazi, mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano ndi alongo omenyera ufulu, maukonde, migwirizano, nsanja, ndi mabungwe aboma. WILPF ili ndi Magawo ndi Magulu mamembala m'maiko opitilira 40 ndi othandizana nawo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo likulu lathu lili ku Geneva. Masomphenya athu ndi a dziko lamtendere losatha lomangidwa pa maziko a chikazi cha ufulu, chilungamo, kusachita chiwawa, ufulu wa anthu, ndi kufanana kwa onse, kumene anthu, dziko lapansi, ndi anthu onse okhalamo akukhalira pamodzi ndikukula mogwirizana. WILPF ili ndi pulogalamu yochotsera zida, Kufikira Chifuniro Chachikulu ku New York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ Zambiri za WILPF: www.wilpf.org
International Peace Bureau (IPB): Bungwe la International Peace Bureau ladzipereka ku masomphenya a World Without War. Pulogalamu yathu yayikulu yaposachedwa ya Disarmament for Sustainable Development ndipo mkati mwa izi, cholinga chathu ndikuyikanso ndalama zankhondo. Timakhulupirira kuti pochepetsa ndalama zothandizira gulu lankhondo, ndalama zambiri zikhoza kutulutsidwa pa ntchito za anthu, m'mayiko kapena kunja, zomwe zingayambitse kukwaniritsidwa kwa zosowa zenizeni za anthu komanso kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, timathandizira makampeni osiyanasiyana ochotsa zida ndikupereka deta pazachuma za zida ndi mikangano. Ntchito yathu yolimbana ndi zida za nyukiliya idayamba kale mu 1980s. Mabungwe athu 300 omwe ali m'maiko 70, pamodzi ndi mamembala pawokha, amapanga maukonde padziko lonse lapansi, kubweretsa chidziwitso ndi zochitika za kampeni pazifukwa zofanana. Timagwirizanitsa akatswiri ndi ovomerezeka omwe akugwira ntchito zofanana ndi zomwezo kuti apange magulu amphamvu a anthu. Zaka khumi zapitazo, IPB inayambitsa kampeni yapadziko lonse yokhudzana ndi ndalama zankhondo: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ ikufuna kuchepetsedwa ndi kugawiranso kugawika kwazinthu zofunikira zachitukuko ndi zachilengedwe. Zambiri: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War ndi gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi losagwirizana pofuna kuthetsa nkhondo ndikukhazikitsa bata lamtendere. Tili ndi cholinga chodziwitsa anthu za chithandizo chotchuka chothetsa nkhondo ndikupititsa patsogolo chithandizochi. Timalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo lingaliro la kupewa kupewa nkhondo iliyonse koma kuthetsa bungwe lonse. Timayesetsa kusintha chikhalidwe chankhondo ndi imodzi yamtendere momwe njira zosagwirizana zazipembedzo zimathetsa magazi. World BEYOND War idayamba pa Januware 1, 2014. Tili ndi mitu ndi othandizira padziko lonse lapansi. WBW yakhazikitsa pempho lapadziko lonse lapansi "COP27: Lekani Kupatula Kuipitsa Asitikali ku Pangano la Nyengo": https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Zambiri za WBW zitha kupezeka apa: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
magwero:
Canada ndi Germany (2021) "Ndondomeko Yopereka Ndalama Zanyengo: Kukwaniritsa Cholinga cha US $ 100 Biliyoni": https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Climate-Finance-Delivery-Plan-1.pdf
Conflict and Environment Observatory (2021) "Pansi pa radar: Magawo ankhondo a EU": https://ceobs.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Under-the-radar_the-carbon- footprint- za-the-EUs-military-sectors.pdf
Crawford, N. (2019) "Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta a Pentagon, Kusintha Kwanyengo, ndi Mtengo Wankhondo":
https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/papers/ClimateChangeandCostofWar Global Peace Dividend Initiative: https://peace-dividend.org/about
Mathiesen, Karl (2022) "UK kugwiritsa ntchito nyengo ndi ndalama zothandizira kugula zida ku Ukraine," Politico: https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-use-climate-aid-cash-buy-weapon-ukraine /
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2022) NATO Defense Expenditures Report, June 2022:
OECD (2021) "Zowoneka bwino zandalama zanyengo zoperekedwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa ndi mayiko otukuka mu 2021-2025: Technical note": https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/a53aac3b-en.pdf?expires=1662416616&id =id&accname=mlendo&checksum=655B79E12E987B035379B2F08249 7ABF
Rovelli, C. ndi Smerlak, M. (2022) "Kudula Kwakung'ono Padziko Lonse Kugwiritsa Ntchito Asilikali Kutha Kuthandizira Mayankho a Zanyengo, Zaumoyo ndi Umphawi," Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- kudula-padziko-ndalama-zankhondo-zingathe-kuthandizira-ndalama-zanyengo-zaumoyo-ndi-umphawi-mayankho/
Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Kuwononga ndalama zodzitetezera ku UK kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka £100bn pofika 2030, akutero Minister," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- kwa-kawiri-ku-100m-by-2030-amati-minister
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (2022) Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021:
UN Environment Programme (2021): State of Finance for Natural https://www.unep.org/resources/state-finance-nature
UNFCCC (2022) Climate Finance: https://unfccc.int/topics/climate-finance/the-big-picture/climate-finance-in-the-negotiations/climate-finance
United Nations (2022) General Debate, General Assembly, September 20-26: https://gadebate.un.org/en
