Mphuzi yothamanga moto ya ku United States ndiyo yowononga madzi apansi ndi anthu odwala m'madera omwe ali pafupi ndi maboma a US kudziko lonse lapansi
Zowiri, zowawa kawiri ndi mavuto;
Moto umatentha ndi kuphulika kwamtunda.
Chifanizo cha njoka ya fenny,
Mu caldron wiritsani ndi kuphika.
- Macbeth, William Shakespeare
Ndi Pat Elder, World BEYOND War, December 2, 2018
A Marine azimitsa moto pa nthawi yophunzitsira ku Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, ku Havelock, North Carolina, pa Ogasiti 28, 2013. Chithunzi: Lance Cpl. Shawn Valosin / Ma Marine aku US
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Per-flouro octane-sulfo-nate kapena PFOS, ndi Per-flouro-octa-noic acid kapena PFOA, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa asilikali kuti azizimitsa moto ku ndege zaku US kudziko lonse lapansi. Mankhwala owopsa amaloledwa kulowa mu nthaka yoyandikana ndi poizoni m'madzi apansi. Chotsatira ndi chimodzi mwa miliri yowononga kwambiri madzi m'mbiri ya anthu.
Kukayika? Dinani pa Google News ndikulowa: "PFOS PFAO Gulu Lankhondo." Kenako, bwererani kuti muwerenge nkhani yonseyi - ndipo dzilimbitseni mtima. Ndizoyipa.
Madzi azitsime masauzande ambiri oyikapo zida zankhondo zaku US padziko lonse lapansi ayesedwa ndipo awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi magulu oopsa a PFOS ndi PFOA. Zovuta zakuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo kuperewera kwapadera pafupipafupi komanso zovuta zina zovuta za pakati, monga zovuta zazitali zokhala ndi chonde. Amaipitsa mkaka wa m'mawere komanso amadwalitsa ana oyamwitsa. PFOS ndi PFOA zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi, khansa ya impso, cholesterol yambiri, kuchepa poyankha katemera, chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a chithokomiro, komanso khansa ya testicular, micro-mbolo, komanso kuchepa kwa umuna mwa amuna.
Pentagon adziwa za zotsatira zoopsa PFOS ndi PFOA zili ndi thanzi labwino komanso chilengedwe kuyambira ku 1974, ndipo akupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito poizoni lero.
Ndi 2001, a Asilikali a US amamvetsetsa bwino kukula kwa vutoli. Amadziwa kuti mafinya ozimitsa moto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumunsi padziko lonse lapansi anali mitsinje ya poizoni ndi madzi am'madera oyandikana nawo, koma anali ndi nkhawa kuti kulengeza zakupha kumeneku kungakhale kokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa chake, adaganiza zokhala chete ndikupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito thovu - osafufuza ngati aliyense amene anali pamunsi kapena panja anali atadwala.
Tsopano, iwo adzalipira mtengo umenewo
akhoza kuopseza moyo womwewo
wa ufumu wa ku America.
Ndikuganiza kuti ndikupitirirabe? Ndiye, mwina simunapite google monga momwe ndanenera pamwamba pa chidutswa ichi.
Chinthu ichi chafalikira mu miyezi ingapo yapitayi.
Fufuzani mauthenga abwino kwambiri a Tara Copp Military Times, buku la Gannett News. Mndandanda wake unafotokozera mavuto osawerengeka ochokera kwa atsikana omwe ali m'gulu lankhondo omwe amamwa madzi pamsana. Mbali zake, kuphatikizapo, Chifukwa chiyani amayi adamuwuza kuti "Musatenge mimba ku George Airbase." ali ovuta kuwerenga chifukwa akugwirizanitsa kuipitsidwa kwa mavuto ndi imfa. Amayi ambiri amawabweretsa mavuto ambiri, ena anali ndi ana obadwa. Asilikali akukanabe kumasula zolemba zachipatala kwa amayi ovutika m'dziko lonselo.
Nanga bwanji akazi (ndi amuna ndi makanda) pazitsulo ndi m'midzi yozungulira kumadera kunja kwa US, monga Ndege ya Spangdahlem, Germany ndi Ndege ya Kadena, Okinawa? Mavuto akuluakulu a PFOS ndi PFOA apezeka mitsinje yoyandikana ndi mabungwe amenewo. Iwo samalandira zotetezedwa. Anthu a ku America sakuyesa kuyesa madzi awo, kapena nthaka yawo, kapena nyama zawo zakutchire.
Akuluakulu a boma akufunafuna gwero la madzi omwe ali ndi poizoni ku Okinawa adakanidwa kulowa m'malo awiri aku US. Kukana kukuyimira chitsanzo chaposachedwa cha Mgwirizano wa Asitikali aku Japan - US Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) cholepheretsa akuluakulu aku Japan kuyesa kuthana ndi mavuto azaumoyo omwe akukumana ndiomwe akukhalamo.
SOFA, yomwe ili ndi chinenero cha boilerplate, ikukhazikitsa lamulo lachifumu. Ilo likuti, "Mu malo ndi malo, United States ikhoza kutenga njira zonse zoyenera kukhazikitsa, ntchito, kutetezera ndi kulamulira."
Vuto linathetsedwa?
Pali vuto lalikulu ku Belgium. Anthu a ku America ali ndi udindo wotsutsana ndi asilikali ku US Army Garrison Benelux Caserne Daumerie ku Chièvres, Belgium. Ankhondo am'madzi amadzipaka poizoni omwe amachokera pansi. Anthu ammudzi amachenjezedwa kuti asamamwe madzi ndipo aperekedwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi botolo. Lamulo la ankhondo lakhala liri chete, kubisala kumbuyo kwa SOFA yomwe imapatsa mphamvu blanche card kuti iwononge dziko lapansi ndi okhalamo.
Pomwe EU ndi UN atenga njira zothanirana ndi ziphezi, asitikali aku US akupitiliza kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu thovu lawo lomenyera moto ku Europe komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Kupatula apo, pali lamulo kuyambira m'ma XNUMX-XNUMX pomwe akuti ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma fluorochemicals owopsa. Pakadali pano, asayansi aku America apanga cholowa m'malo chowombera moto chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino popanda zoopsa zonse zachilengedwe komanso zaumoyo, koma asitikali aku US sakufuna kuchigwiritsa ntchito. M'malo mwake, asirikali akuwononga mamiliyoni ambiri m'malo mwa poizoni wopsereza moto ndi poizoni wowotcha moto.
Ku US konse, komwe tili ndi zotsalira za EPA yomwe idali yofunika kwambiri, ndipo tili ndi olimba mtima komanso ogwira ntchito m'boma, asitikali akukana kuvomereza kuwonongeka kapena kuchita zambiri kuti athetse vutoli.
Pano pali chitsanzo chachidule cha momwe Air Force yasinthira posachedwapa kuvutoli.
- Dayton, Mtsogoleri wa Ohio wa Madzi adatumiza chenjezo kwa anthu okhalamo pa kuipitsidwa kwa PFOS kuchokera ku Wright Patterson Airbase. Juni, 2018
"Tsoka ilo, Air Force sanachitepo, ndipo chifukwa chake ndikulemba." - A Air Force anakana kubwezeretsanso anthu atatu a Colorado chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito poyambitsa madzi poizoni ndi PFAS ndi PFAO zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukiza pamoto ku Peterson Air Force Base. Mizinda yosauka imakhala ndi tani ya $ 11 miliyoni. Madzi a ku El Paso County, Texas ali osasamala kumwa. Air Force ankanena zochokera zina chifukwa cha kuipitsa mtsempha.
- Air Force poyamba anakana pempho la nzika ku New Hampshire amene adafuna kuti phunziro lichitike. Iwo ankamwa madzi a poizoni a Portsmouth, Air Force inati analibe ndalama kulipira phunziroli. Pambuyo pa chisokonezo cha nzika zapamwamba, Air Force yavomereza kulipira $ 14.3 miliyoni kuti amange malo osamaliramo madzi kuchotsa PFOS ndi PFOA ku zitsime za mumzinda. (Zindikirani.)
- Pakadali pano, a Air Force akunyalanyaza chigamulo cha Michigan chomwe chimawauza kuti apereke madzi akumwa abwino mdera la Oscoda-Wurtsmith. Malo a B-52 adatsekedwa mu 1993 ndipo madzi amakhalabe owopsa. Mwezi watha, oyang'anira zaumoyo ku Michigan adapereka upangiri wa 'Osadya' kwa agwape omwe adatengedwa mtunda wa mamailosi asanu kuchokera ku Wurtsmith Air Force Base. Patha zaka 25 ndipo zakumwa zam'madzi zam'madzi zimakhalabe zakupha.
Malinga ndi US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), PFOS ndi PFOA zimawerengedwa ngati zoopsa. "Wotuluka kumene" ndi mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti ndi "omwe amadziwika, omwe angathe, kapena owopseza thanzi la anthu kapena chilengedwe kapena kusowa kwazomwe amafalitsa." EPA siyilamula PFOS ndi PFOA! M'malo mwake, yakhazikitsa magawo 70 pamilioni yamaulilioni ya Lifetime Health yolangizira madzi akumwa. Pakadali pano, asayansi omwe ali ndi University of North Carolina ati mulingo woyenera wa PFOA ndi / kapena PFOS m'madzi akumwa ndi 1 ppt.
EPA inakhazikitsa bungwe la Health Advisory Programme ku 1978 kuti lidziwitse anthu kuti ali ndi zowonongeka zomwe zingakhudze khalidwe lakumwa kwa madzi koma sichilamuliridwa pansi pa Safe Drinking Water Act. EPA imatchula za Advisory Health kwa zoposa 200 zowononga, kuphatikizapo FFOS ndi PFOA. Zambiri mwa zonyansazi zimayendetsedwa bwino ndi mayiko padziko lonse lapansi, koma ndibwino kuti Achimwenye amwe.
Pomwe palibe utsogoleri wa federal pankhaniyi, ena akuti, kuphatikizapo New Jersey, ayamba kulamulira mankhwala omwe ali pamunsi mwake kuposa EPA. Dipatimenti Yopulumutsa Chitetezo ku New Jersey ikutsatira lamulo lake loyamba la PFAS. Kusokoneza kwa zitsime zamadzi ku Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst kunali monga mkulu wa 264,300 ppt, ndipo izi ndi zabwino ndi EPA
EPA akupitiriza kuvomereza mankhwala atsopano omwe ali ndi poizoni a PFAS ngakhale atafalikira kwambiri. Amereka, zikuwoneka, ndi bizinesi yachifwamba.
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Pezani poizoni m'madzi pafupi ndi inu.
Mndandanda wa NAVY wa "zotheka" kuipitsidwa sikulepheretsa kuwonetsa.
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Lembani kalendala yanu!
March 22 ndi Tsiku la Madzi Padziko Lonse!
