Wolemba Robert Anschuetz, February 26, 2018
Pamene ndikuyang'ana adesi yoyamba ya adindo ya President Trump kumapeto kwa Januwale, ndinadzimva ndekha ndikudandaula kwambiri ndi zomwe ndinaona kuti ndi mdima wa mau ake ndi malingaliro ake. Chidziwitso chimenecho, chimene ndinaphunzira chinaphatikizidwa ndi ambiri, anadzipereka payekha kuti ndidziwe bwino za Purezidenti zomwe ndakhala ndikuziwona kuti ndizovomerezeka kuti zithetse kusintha kwa ndale. Ndinazindikira kuti maganizo a Pulezidenti-omwe amachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi a dziko lawo-amatsutsana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lopanda chikondi la "ife." Iwo amasonyeza makhalidwe a Chimerika omwe amatsutsana nawo, kudziletsa, kusakhulupirira za ena, ndi chilango chowalanga omwe ali osiyana. Makhalidwe amenewa mwina akhala othandiza popanga mtundu wa America. Masiku ano, iwo amatsutsana mosiyana ndi makhalidwe amunthu a chifundo, chifundo ndi malo omwe akufunikira kuti apange dziko labwino.
Ndinawonanso maonekedwe a "Trumpean" mindset patangopita mlungu umodzi Pomwe Pulezidenti Pulezidenti Pence adawonekera pachiyambi cha Olimpiki ya Zima ku Pyongyang. Ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa dziko lapansi adawululidwapo kuti zidachitika pamtendere kuthetsa mikangano pakati pa Koreas, Pence ndi mkazi wake, pa zochitika zapachilendo, adakhala chete pamene ena adanyamuka kukondwerera othamanga kumpoto ndi South Korea omwe adatsutsa mu umodzi wachimwemwe.
Masiku angapo m'mbuyomo, Pence adalengeza poyera kuti ma US a "posachedwapa adzawonetsa chilango chokhwima ndi choopsa kwambiri ku North Korea nthawi zonse. Ndipo tidzapitirizabe kupatulira North Korea mpaka titasiya dongosolo la missile ya nyukiliya ndi ballistic kamodzi. "Monga momwe adalengezedwera, ntchitoyi ikuwoneka kuti ikuyenera kukwaniritsa zowonjezereka za chuma cha North Korea, mwinamwake phindu la njala ndi imfa. Sichikudziŵikiratu chidwi chilichonse, kapena mphamvu zamtundu wina, kuti amvetse pulogalamu ya makina a kumpoto kwa Korea kuchokera kumsokonezo wa mdaniyo, motero, kuti akambirane zothetsa mavuto omwe akugwira nawo mbali zonsezi. Malo a ku America ndi ophweka mosavuta: ndife amphamvu kuposa inu, kotero ife tikhoza kulamula mawu ndipo muyenera kuvomereza.
Ndikuyembekeza kumanga mlandu m'nyuzipepalayi poganiza kuti America angathe kutsata ndondomeko yachilendo yomwe imachokera ku chinthu chabwino kuposa mphamvu zamagulu ndi ulamuliro. Zokambirana zidzakhazikitsidwa pamaganizo awiri awa:
- A US ayenera kuyamba kusintha ndondomeko yake yachilendo kuti asamenye nkhondo kapena kupereka chithandizo chamagulu kuti apindule ndi zilakolako za m'mayiko omwe chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndi chakuti amasamalira zofuna za America. M'malo mwake, ndondomeko yake yachilendo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa makamaka pothandiza mayiko onse osauka kuti athe kupeza zofunika pamoyo monga madzi oyera, chakudya, chisamaliro, ndi maphunziro. Kusintha koteroku kukanakhoza kukondweretsa kuchokera ku mayiko kuzungulira dziko lonse, komanso kumasula mabiliyoni a madola ku bajeti ya chitetezo cha US. Ndalamazo zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa anthu onse a ku America maphunziro, chithandizo chamankhwala, zipangizo zamakono, ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito zomwe akufunikira kuti azikhala ndi moyo wabwino zomwe zimasonyeza chuma cha dziko lapansi.
- Chifukwa cha nkhondo yachisoni ikupitirira kuchititsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri osalakwa, ndipo ngozi yowonjezereka yomwe kupitiriza kufalikira kwa zida za nyukiliya ingathe kuwonongera kutha kwa moyo padziko lapansi, ikuyamba kuchitidwa mwamsanga ndi mayiko onse akuluakulu ku nyukiliya kusokonezeka kwa zida, kuchepetsa zida zowonongeka kwa zida, komanso, ku America, kutsekedwa pang'ono kwazomwe zida zankhondo padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchitoyi idzakhala njira zothetsera cholinga chenicheni cha mgwirizano wa mayiko ogwirizana kuti athetsa nkhondo zonse.
Ntchito yosaiwalikayi idzakhala yosinthika kwambiri. Malinga ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko, iwo ukhoza kuyendetsa, ndi kusasintha, kusintha kwa khalidwe mwa mayiko amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pakufunafuna chuma chakuchulukirapo chitetezo cha padziko lonse, kuyesetsa mwakhama kwambiri kuthandizira kukwaniritsa zofunika za onse anthu a padziko lapansi. Kusintha kotereku komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi Zina kungatheke kulumikizana pakati pa mabungwe aboma makamaka madipatimenti apolisi- ndi midzi yomwe iwo akutumikira; pochita nawo mbali ndi chilengedwe ndi zozungulira mudzi; komanso kugwirizana kwa anthu-kwa-anthu. Otsatirawo adzadziwika ndi kusintha malingaliro opatsirana omwe akufala kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku America lero kuti akhale oyamba ubwino wa munthu winayo.
Masomphenya athu sayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi "Njira" yomwe Tili gawo
Monga momwe chisankho cha Purezidenti chikuwonetsera, anthu ambiri aku America mosakayikira akuwonetsabe - ngakhale ngati mosazindikira-mikhalidwe ngati Individualism ndi Kukayikirana ndi Wina, yomwe ndalumikizana nayo Purezidenti komanso Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti. Kuwonetsa kudzikonda kwawo, anthu aku America omwe adapeza chuma chachilendo nthawi zambiri amati dziko lawo "ndilabwino" chifukwa cha ufulu womwe lawapatsa kuti azichita bwino osati chifukwa chokondera anthu okhala m'malo okwezeka, koma kuchokera pamalingaliro osakira msika omwe awonetsa phindu la kuphunzira kwawo, luso, kulimbikira, kuchita bizinesi, maluso, kapena ndalama. Anthu ambiri aku America akuwonetsa kukayikirana ndi ena chifukwa chofuna kukayikira-ngakhale ziwanda-zamayiko akunja ndi atsogoleri, komanso kuthandizira zopanda pake chilichonse ku America.
Aliyense payekha, ambiri a mabanki apamwamba, magulu a magulu, magulu ankhondo, a Congress, akatswiri a zaumisiri, ndi ena omwe amapereka malangizo kwa boma likuwonetsanso makhalidwe omwe ndakhala nawo ndi Purezidenti Trump. Mu ntchito yawo monga atsogoleriKomabe, iwo akulimbikitsidwa mosalekeza ndi makina ovomerezeka a bungwe / a zachuma / zasayansi // // boma omwe amayendetsa kuyang'anira kukula kwake padziko lonse lapansi. Pokhala ndi udindo umenewo, akazembe a American Ship State State nthawi zambiri amachoka otaika Panthawi yake, popeza njira yomwe imayendetsa iwo imakhala yoyendetsa galimoto komanso yosasamala za zotsatira zake. Kufunafuna misika yatsopano yowonjezera kunja kwa dziko lapansi, monga mwachitsanzo, kukhoza kutumiza kunja kwa ntchito zabwino za ku America komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ogwira ntchito zochepa pantchito. Ngakhale mavuto aakulu angachoke chifukwa cha kufunika koti asilikali azikhala mwamtendere m'misika yatsopano. Bungwe limeneli sikuti limangopikisana ndi magulu a mpikisano kapena magulu achigawenga m'mayiko ang'onoang'ono, komanso amagwirizanitsa ndalama za boma zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zothandizira kuthandizira zofunikira zenizeni za anthu.
Pamaso pake, zikuwoneka kuti atsogoleri okha omwe amachititsidwa khungu chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zomwe zimachokera ku njira zotero zimatha kulephera kuthetsa mavuto omwe angathe kuvulaza ndi kuopsa kwa mphepo yamkuntho yomwe ingabweretse kusintha kwa nyukiliya. Mmalo mwake, iwo amakhala mbali ya chigawo cholamulira chomwe chikulalikira kudzipereka ku dongosolo latsopano ladziko, pamene, anthu a Yemen amadabwa kuti masomphenya amenewa akhoza kukhala odulidwa ndi malonda a ku America ku Saudi Arabia omwe sanawabweretsere kanthu koma njala komanso kufalikira kwa njala. Kwa iwo, Apalestina ayenera kudabwa momwe mgwirizano umodzi wa America ndi Israeli umasonyezeratu kuti ali ndi chilungamo kapena chiyero pazomwe akulimbana ndi boma lodziimira pa nthaka yomwe iwo ali ndi chiwerengero chofanana. Ndipo, a ku Irani ayenera kudabwa zomwe achita kuti ayenerere kuti dziko la America liziyenda mobwerezabwereza kuti liwachitire ku Middle East kuti, pokhapokha, liwongosoledwe kokha ku gawo la chigawo chimene dziko la United States limafuna padziko lonse lapansi.
Masiku ano, zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri komanso zopusa za malamulo a mayiko a ku America ndikumenyana ndi North Korea. Aliyense wa ku America wokonda chilungamo, ngakhale yemwe ali ndi kudzipereka kwathunthu kwa mbendera, ayenera kuwonetsa pulezidenti wathu mosaganizira komanso mopanda nzeru kuti awononge nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi dzikoli mwa kuwapseza atsogoleri a sukulu, kusokoneza mtundu umene akutsogolera, kuwopsyeza kuwononga dziko lakwawo, ndi kuyang'ana pa njira iliyonse yomwe ingapereke maziko othana kuthetsa mkangano mwamtendere. Monga momwe zafotokozedwera kawirikawiri, njira imodzi yotere yomwe anakanidwa kale ndi US ikuvomerezedwa ndi Kim Jong-un ndipo ikuwoneka kuti ikuwonetsa lonjezo lalikulu. Ndilo gawo lovomerezeka la China / Russia lomwe, pofuna kuti dziko la North Korea lizichepetsere nkhondo, North Korea idzathetsa kuyesedwa kwina pa pulogalamu yake ya zida za nyukiliya.
Zikuwoneka kuti, kwa wina aliyense amene angathe kuzindikira komanso kumvetsa chisoni, ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti Kim Jong-un sangathe kuyamba nkhondo ndi South Korea, kapena kuyambitsa missile ya nyukiliya yoyamba ku Japan , Guam, Hawaii kapena dziko la America, kusiyana ndi kuthawa kwawo ndikukhazikitsa ufumu wa Kim umene adzalandira. Mwachiwonekere akuwopa chiwonongeko cha United States kuti "awononge" boma lake, ndipo, ndi zida zankhondo za nyukiliya tsopano zomwe ali nazo, wadzitukumula chifukwa cha kufunitsitsa kuzigwiritsa ntchito motsutsana ndi United States. Pofuna kudzitamandira, Kim mosakayikira akulimbikitsidwa ndi mbali yatsopano yowonjezera mphamvu. Koma, popatsidwa mbiri ya zochitika za ku United States ndi dziko lake ndi ena ambiri, zikutheka kuti zida zake ndi zoopseza kuzigwiritsa ntchitozo ndizoletsedwa kuti zisachitike ku United States. Zikatero, zikuwoneka kuti ali ndi mwayi weniweni kuti Kim adzalandire mwaluso ku bungwe la United States lomwe limapereka chigamulo chotsimikizirika kuti America sadzayambanso nkhondo ndi dziko lake. Pofuna kuthandizira, angavomereze kuti zida za nyukiliya za kumpoto kwa Korea zikuyendera ndipo patapita nthaŵi yaitali, zida zonse zankhondo zanyukiliya zimachotsedwa.
Kuperewera kwa Nkhondo Kuwononga Ndalama Yoyamba Kuli Pamtendere ndi Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo
Zomwe zingapindule kwambiri zokhudzana ndi mtendere m'malo mwa nkhondo zokhudzana ndi mayiko akunja zimatchulidwa ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wochitidwa ndi WIN / Gallup International ndi kutulutsidwa mu 2014. Mu chisankho cha okhala m'mayiko a 68, a 24 peresenti ya iwo anayikira kuti US ndiye vuto lalikulu la mtendere padziko lonse. Ulamuliro wa US unatsatiridwa ndi Pakistan pa 8 peresenti, China pa 6 peresenti, ndi maiko anayi (Afghanistan, Iran, Israel, ndi North Korea) pa 5 peresenti.
Chifukwa choopa mantha a US, zikuwoneka kuti ndizowonjezereka kuti kudzipereka kwa US kuti chiwonongeko pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kungayambitse mtundu wa nkhondo ndi mitundu padziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa palibe mayiko ena (omwe akuphatikizapo Russia ndi China!) Akufunafuna molimba mtima kuti apitirize ufumu wadziko lonse, motero amakhalabe ndi gulu la asilikali chifukwa cha chitetezo, chiwonetsero cha m'deralo, ndi / kapena kunyada kwadziko. Popanda kuopseza ku America, mayiko oterowo angathe kusangalala ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito panopa polimbitsa chuma kuti akwanitse kukula komanso kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, iwo angayesetsenso kukambirana mgwirizano womwe umagwirizana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka kapena ovomerezeka.
Ngati njira yotereyi ikanatsatiridwa, ndizotheka kuti, pakati pa mayiko anyukiliya padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza US, zida za nyukiliya - zida zoopsa, zotsika mtengo, komanso zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa zida zonse - zikhala zoyambirira kupita. Zotsatirazi sizingathetse vuto lamanyukiliya lomwe lakhalapo kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, koma limbikitsani kulingalira za maubwino ena omwe angapezeke ndikuchotsa zida zonse zankhondo.
Poika maiko a US ngati choopsa chachikulu kwambiri cha mtendere padziko lapansi, gulu la padziko lapansi likuwoneka kuti likuwunikira kuti silikufuna kanthu ndi gawo la America la tsopano monga wapolisi wapadziko lonse. Zomwe anthu padziko lonse lapansi amazifunira mosakayikira zomwe Amitundu ambiri amafuna: kukhala mwamtendere, kukhala ndi mwayi wopanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito maluso awo opangidwira, ndikusangalala ndi moyo wawo wokha ndi banja lawo. Malingana ndi mbiri ya dziko ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha ku America chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukwiya ndi kupambana, mwinamwake ndizosokoneza kwambiri kuti dziko lathu lingathe kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chake chikutetezedwa pochotsa madola ake otetezera ku polisi padziko lapansi kuti athandize anthu anzathu kukhala moyo wabwino . Ndi Donald Trump monga Pulezidenti, mfundo imeneyi ndi yosavuta komanso yofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Ngakhale kuti palibe wolemba mabuku wamba amene wanena choncho, kapena mwinamwake anazindikira kuti, America ndiyo yabwino kwambiri potsata zam'tsogolo ndikutembenuzira mapulaneti ake ndi madigiri a 180. Icho chiyenera kusinthira ndondomeko zake pa mgwirizano wa mayiko, kusamuka, ndi zochitika zonse zapakhomo kuti zikayike zoyenera za anthu poyamba. Mphamvu yake yoyendetsa galimoto sizingakhale "Amerika Choyamba." Ziyenera kukhala "Anthu Oyambirira."
Titha Kupeza Mphamvu Yambiri Kupyolera mu Mtendere Kuposa Mtendere mwa Mphamvu
Malinga ndi chitsimikizo chodalirika cha pa Intaneti, A US analembera za 37 peresenti, kapena za $ 592 biliyoni, zoposa $ 1.6 triliyoni mu ndalama zankhondo zadziko lonse ku 2015. Zomwezo zimakhala pafupifupi kukula kwake Nkhondo zisanu ndi ziwiri zowonjezera zazikulu zankhondo kuphatikiza. (Pa Seputembara 11, 2017, lamulo latsopano lololeza ndalama zodzitchinjiriza lomwe linayambitsidwa ku Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku US linapempha kuti pakhale bajeti ya $ 692 biliyoni mchaka cha 2018. Ndipo mu February 2018, Congress idapereka mgwirizano wazaka ziwiri za $ 4.4 trilioni womwe umalimbikitsa ndalama zonse Mapulogalamu ankhondo ndi apakhomo ndi $ 300 biliyoni owonjezera.) Kuphatikiza apo, akuti akuti $ 592 biliyoni yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito podzitchinjiriza mu 2015 idakwanira pafupifupi $ 1 trilioni, pomwe imaphatikizira ndalama osati Pentagon yokha komanso Homeland Security ndi zina madipatimenti aboma ndi mabungwe. Kuphatikiza apo, US idawononga pafupifupi $ 2 trilioni molunjika kunkhondo zaku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Komabe, chiwerengerocho chimasocheretsa kwambiri. Zimawonjezeka kufika $ 6 trilioni pamene ndalama zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana ziwonjezeredwa - monga chisamaliro chamtsogolo cha omenyera ufulu ndi kutaya mwayi wogulitsa nyumba.
Ngati ngakhale ndalama zing'onozing'ono za ndalamazo zakhala zikupezeka mmalo mwa ndalama zothandizira kukwaniritsa zofunika za anthu m'mayiko osauka-monga chakudya, madzi oyera, mankhwala, ulimi, mphamvu zowonjezera, ndi maphunziro - zidzathandizanso wa America m'njira ziwiri zofunika. Zingapangitse chithunzi cha America, m'mayiko omwe anathandizira komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo, powapatsa amuna achichepere chiyembekezo cha tsogolo, chidzachepetsa kukakamizika kwa zandale zandale ndikuthandizira kuthetsa mantha kudziko lathu chifukwa cha ugawenga wapadziko lonse.
Poganizira phindu lomwe lingachitike chifukwa chofikira anthuwa, zidandikhumudwitsa, ngakhale sizodabwitsa kuti, kutsatira zomwe Purezidenti adalankhula ku Union, palibe wowonerera wamba pa TV yemwe ananenapo njovu imodzi yomwe idamuperekeza pa rostrum monga adayankhula. Mwachitsanzo, pankhani zakunja, Purezidenti adawoneka kuti anyalanyaza mbiri ya dziko lake pomwe adanyoza ndikupereka lingaliro loti achotse dziko lomwe mwanjira ina yake silinawonetse America "kulemekeza" - mwachiwonekere chifukwa cha ukulu wathu monga King of the Jungle. Mwina kusamvana kwamalingaliro amenewo sikunazindikiridweko ndi akatswiri omwe amapachika mawu aliwonse. Chomwe chiri chotsimikizika, komabe, ndikuti palibe m'modzi mwa iwo adadzutsidwa mokwanira ndi iwo kuti afotokoze zakudziwika kwawo kodziyimira pawokha pakudziyimira pawokha kodziyimira pawokha ku America, komwe kudachitika chifukwa chakuchoka muulamuliro wodziyimira pawokha waku Britain.
Nthawi zambiri, ndimangokhalira kukhudzidwa ndi momwe mafilimu a America, ndi America onse, amawonetsera kuti ndizovuta komanso kudalira mphamvu zowonongeka zomwe zimayendera machitidwe a America. Kawirikawiri, ngati paliponse, ngakhalenso kuwonedwa chifundo kapena chifundo kumasonyezedwa kwa adani otsutsa, onse omwe akugawana ndi ife anthu wamba. Monga wotsutsana kwambiri ndi maganizo amenewa, ndikuwonekeratu kuti US akutsatira njira yosiyana. Ndikuvomereza kuti, panthaŵi yomwe nkhondo ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi magulu a zigawenga ndi mayiko omwe amalephera kapena osalephera, America akhoza kulimbikitsa chitetezo chake osati ndi nkhondo, koma kupambana ndi mabwenzi padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati izi ziridi choncho, kodi sitiyenera kufunafuna mabwenzi amenewo powathandiza kuti pakhale moyo wabwino wa mayiko ogonjetsa, m'malo mothandizira ndi kumenyana ndi iwo omwe mphamvu zawo zokha ndizofuna kukwaniritsa zofuna za America?
Chinthu chimodzi chotsimikizika. Ndondomeko yakufikira anthu mwaubwino itha kuchititsa Amereka kukhala okoma mtima pamtengo wotsika mtengo kuposa kupitilira kwa malingaliro apano. Masiku ano, US imagwiritsa ntchito $ 23 biliyoni pachaka pazithandizo zakunja zosakhudzana ndi nkhondo. Zimawononga $ 7 biliyoni zochulukirapo - pafupifupi $ 30 biliyoni pachaka - kuthetsa njala ndi njala padziko lonse lapansi, ndi $ 11 biliyoni pachaka kupereka madzi oyera kwa anthu onse padziko lapansi omwe alibe pano. Pokweza ndalamazi mpaka $ 100 biliyoni, titha kupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri, kuchepetsa mavuto, ndikupanga dziko lokondedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi - mwina kudzichotsa tokha monga zigawenga. Gawo lalikulu lazachuma chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa makamaka pakupulumutsa komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthandizira zosowa za mamiliyoni omwe akuvutika mdziko lathu lino.
Zotsatira zazikulu kwambiri zitha kupezeka ndikuwononga kwathunthu ndikusunthira mwamtendere pafupifupi $ 1 trilioni yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito chaka chilichonse kukonzekera nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, akuti, ndi theka lokha la ndalama zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito podzitchinjiriza- $ 500 biliyoni - titha kupatsa dziko lapansi chakudya ndi madzi, mphamvu zobiriwira, zomangamanga, kuteteza nthaka, kuteteza zachilengedwe, masukulu, mankhwala, kusinthana kwachikhalidwe , komanso kuphunzira zamtendere komanso kusamvana pakuthana. Ndi madola 500 biliyoni ena, titha kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za anthu athu pomaliza ngongole zaku koleji, kupereka nyumba kwa aliyense, kumanganso zomangamanga zachuma, ndikupereka ndalama kuntchito zachilengedwe zobiriwira komanso ulimi.
"Anthu Choyamba" Ndi Kusankha Tomwe Tiyenera Kuchita
Kuchokera ku chiyambi chake kuposa zaka 300,000 zapitazo, anthu adakumana ndi zoopsa zambiri, kuphatikizapo nyama zakuthengo, zachiwawa, ndi mafuko oyandikana nawo, lerolino, nkhondo zopanda malire, zovuta zachuma, matenda, kuphwanya malamulo, chikhalidwe chosasintha , kuwonongeka kwa nyukiliya, uchigawenga, komanso kuwononga zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chakuti anthu ali akufa ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa za kumvetsetsa, kupirira, ndi chifuniro, ambiri sangakhale konse omasuka kwathunthu ndi kusatetezeka. Chikhalidwe chimenecho chimawapangitsa mantha, m'malo mochitira moni ndi chidaliro, kapena ngakhale chisangalalo chokhalitsa, zochitika zatsopano kapena zochitika zomwe zingawathandize kuti azikhala otetezeka.
Komabe, lero, mudziko logwirizana kwambiri, zosowa, malingaliro, ndi zikhumbo za pafupifupi mtundu uliwonse wa anthu, dera, fuko, kapena gulu lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ochita zosankha zadziko ndi anthu wamba, lingaliro la munthu wopanda malire Kusiyanasiyana ndikokumene kumapereka njira yodziwira za umunthu wamba umene umayendera. Chifukwa chodziwitsidwa, atsogoleri a mayiko akuluakulu a dziko lapansi-omwe amachititsa anthu kudera la demokarasi mogwirizana ndi chifuniro cha anthu omwe akuwalamulira-ayenera tsopano kupanga chisankho chachikulu pakati pa njira ziwiri zowonjezereka. Yoyamba ndi kulenga dziko latsopano lodziwika bwino ndi chilengedwe chonse ndi mtendere, mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko. Wachiwiri ndikupitirizabe njira yodziimira yodziimira yekha kulamulira ndi chitetezo chomwe chachititsa kuti nkhondo yowonongeka, mamiliyoni a anthu akufa, komanso kusokoneza mwadzidzidzi magazi ndi chuma pa mayiko ambiri. Kulimbana kotereku kwachititsa kuti ziwonetsero za njala, umphawi, kukhumudwa, ndi chigawenga kudziko laling'ono ndi losapangika, zibweretsedwe padziko lonse lapansi kuopsezedwa kwa kuwonongeka kwa nyukiliya ndi chilengedwe.
Ngati chisankho pakati pothandizana ndi onse, komanso nkhanza zomwe zimanyalanyaza zowawa za ena, zidakhazikitsidwa pazifukwa zonse, titha kuwunika ngati kusankha kwa omaliza, kapena zomwe zingawononge chiwonongeko cha nyukiliya kapena chilengedwe. Komabe, ndiye chisankho chomwe akupanga lero atsogoleri a dziko lathu, mothandizidwa, kwenikweni, ndi chete cha nzika wamba. Atsogoleri athu akupanga chisankho-lero, m'dziko lathu lolumikizidwa kwambiri - chifukwa mantha kapena kusakhulupilirana ndi zina zimakhalabe zamphamvu kwambiri kuloleza kugwedezeka kwa dongosolo lomwe lidalipo lomwe limapereka maubwino awiri, ngakhale amakhalidwe olakwika. Pansi pake, atsogoleri adzikoli amatchuka komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu; ndipo nzika zake zitha kukhala zotonthoza, zabwino kapena zoyipa, m'malo awo azikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe chawo.
Chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa kayendedwe ka mphamvu komwe moyo wa America ukukhazikitsidwa, nkhondo ikuwoneka ngati chinthu chodabwitsa. Kuti ndikhale ndi mwayi, ndikulemba kuti "dongosolo." Ilo liri ndi malo osungirako ogwirizana, a zachuma, a chikhalidwe, a chikhalidwe, a media, a Congressional, a technological, a maphunziro, ndi a nkhondo omwe amagwira ntchito monga imodzi kuti dziko la America, ndipo potsirizira pake dziko lapansi, mkati mwa mphambano zake zokhazokha, zachuma, ndi chitetezo. Kuti izi zitheke, malo amphamvu amadziwika ndi gulu lomwe likugwirizanitsa-kuganiza kuti kulimbikitsidwa ndi mpikisano wogwira ntchito. Chifukwa anthu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo osiyanasiyana ayenera pitani onse kuti azigwirizana komanso pitani patsogolo, lirilonse lidalibe wokhulupirika ku Mchitidwe ndipo limasiya antchito ake kuti asamvetsere ndi omwe ali kunja kwa iwo kapena kuyenda mtunda m'makampani awo. Chigawo chilichonse cha mphamvu m'dongosolo lino chikhoza kuthana ndi mbali yosiyana ya chidwi chenicheni cha dziko, koma malingaliro omwewo amachotsedwa kuchoka ku wina kupita kwina. Ponena za mgwirizano wa mayiko a ku America, kufotokoza kwa malo onse amphamvu omwe ali ndi mbali iliyonse ya iwo-kuphatikizapo mauthenga, zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsa chikumbumtima cha America! -Kuwonetsa adani, kusokoneza chiyanjano ndi iwo, ndikulimbana nawo kuteteza zofuna za ku America.
Ngakhale kuti mphamvu ya monolithic ya Pulogalamuyi ndi yamtendere, komabe ambiri a ku America omwe amakhala kunja kwa izo mosakayikira amatsogoleredwa ndi zifukwa zawo zomwe zimawonekera mosiyana ndi zomwe Mapulogalamu akupita patsogolo. Kwa iwo, ziyenera kuonekeratu kuti, m'nthaŵi yodziwika ndi mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo, ugawenga, ndi kufalikira kwa zida za nyukiliya, komanso lonjezano la kuyanjana kwa dziko lonse lapansi, kulumikizana konse kwa chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso, komanso njira zamakono zofulumira kwambiri chitukuko, chitetezo cha America sichikhoza kukhazikitsidwa, kapena chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zankhondo ndi kufunafuna chuma ndi kutetezeka kwa dziko. Ntchito yathu tsopano ikuyenera kulandira mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito mayiko ena olemera kuti akwaniritse zosowa zenizeni za eni ake komanso anthu onse apadziko lapansi. Kuti tiyambe ntchitoyi, tifunikira kuyankha funso loyamba: Kodi tingatani kuti tisinthe maganizo athu kuchokera ku System-based mindset "America First" ku maganizo otsogolera "People First"?
Nkhondo Yothetsa Imeneyi Ndi Njira Yoyamba Kutsata Ndondomeko ya "Anthu Oyambirira"
Kutengera ndi chikhulupiliro changa chanthawi yayitali kuti nkhondo komanso kuwopseza kunkhondo nthawi zonse kumabweretsa zoyipa kuposa zabwino, ndidachita nawo kasupe, 2017 yophunzira pa intaneti yochitidwa ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lotsutsa-nkhondo World Beyond War (WBW). M'mawu a director a WBW, womenyera nkhondo, mtolankhani, wailesi, komanso wolemba mabuku ambiri David Swanson, cholinga cha bungweli ndichinthu chatsopano kwambiri: "osati gulu lotsutsa nkhondo kapena zida zatsopano, koma gulu lothetsa nkhondo yonse. ” Cholinga chimenecho chidzafunikanso njira yowonetsera zida zonse za nkhondo, mosakayikira kuyamba ndi zida za nyukiliya, zomwe ndizoopsa kwambiri. Cholinga chachikulu, komabe, chiri pangano lovomerezeka mwalamulo lomwe lidzatanthawuza njira zothandizira kuthetsa chiwonongeko cha dziko lonse ndi chosatha. Ngati chikhalidwechi chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ngati chikhalidwe chatsopano, chingathandize kuti zonse zapulumuka padziko lapansi komanso zachilengedwe za anthu onse azikhala osangalala.
Swanson akuwonekera momveka mu bukhu lake la 2013 Nkhondo Sipadzakhalanso: Mlandu wa Kugonjetsa kuti kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kuthetsa ntchito kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko yaitali komanso yovuta ya "maphunziro, bungwe, ndi zowonongetsa, komanso kusintha kwasintha." Pofuna kuthandiza othandizira pulojekiti kupanga zofunikira pamaderawa, WBW imapereka kabuku katsopano katsopano A Global Security System: Njira Yina Kulimbana Nkhondo, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ngati ndondomeko yothandizira pakadali pano.
Monga Swanson akulowetsamo bukhu lake, nyumba gulu la padziko lonse lotha kuthetseratu nkhondo likutsutsana kwambiri ndi mfundo yakuti ku America, mtundu wovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha izi, magulu a zamalonda amathandiza anthu kuti azikhala "nkhondo yamuyaya kufunafuna adani." Amachita zimenezi kudzera mu "luso lofalitsa anthu, zonyenga za ndale, ndi kupotoza ndi kusokonezeka kwa maphunziro athu, zosangalatsa ndi machitidwe omwe anthu amakhala nawo. kutetezera chuma chathu, kuchotsa ufulu wathu, kuipitsa malo athu, kufalitsa ndalama zathu zowonjezera mmwamba, kudetsa makhalidwe athu, ndikupatsa mtundu wolemera kwambiri padziko lapansi mkhalidwe wochepa kwambiri wa moyo, kuyembekezera, ndi kuthekera chimwemwe. "
Ponena za zolepheretsa zimenezo, zikuwoneka kuti chiyembekezo chokha chokha chakumapeto kwa nkhondo chimakhala kusintha kwakukulu m'mitima ndi m'maganizo a anthu ambiri a ku America. Kuti zitheke, magulu ovomerezeka a maphunziro ndi othandizira. Anthu ambiri, ngakhale kuti nthawi yaitali amatsutsana ndi ziphunzitso zotsutsana, ayenera kuvomereza kuti ndi zokhutiritsa, kenako amayamba kufalitsa, mfundo zomwe zimasonyeza kuti nkhondo ndizopweteka komanso zowonongeka. Ngati izi zitachitika, ndale zimapatsa mphamvu zowonjezera nkhondo, koma nthawi zambiri amasankha chisankho chofunikira kwambiri, amakakamizidwa kuti ayambe kusamala ndikuyamba kuganiza mozama asanatumize achinyamata ambiri kuti athe kufa kapena kuwonongeka.
Pulogalamu ya WBW yothetsa nkhondo mosakayikira idzadziwika ndi zovuta ndi zochepa zomwe zimafuna kudzipereka konse kwa okonza. Kupambana kwake kwakukulu, komabe, kudzapindula kwambiri kupirira kwawo mwa kupanga moyo wabwino kwa anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Sikuti kuthetsa nkhondo kokha kupulumutsa mitundu yonse ya anthu kuchokera ku ziwonongeko zambirimbiri, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kufalitsa zowawa, ndi kuwonongeka kotheka. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yamakono, izi zidzatsegule chitseko cha kusintha kwa maiko akunja, makamaka pokhudzana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko olimba ndi mayiko omwe ali ofooka omwe akusiyanitsa machitidwe a chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.
Monga momwe boma la US linasonyezera momveka bwino malingaliro ake ndi ndondomeko zake ku North Korea ndi Iran, mayiko ndi atsogoleri awo akhoza kuonongeka mosavuta ndiyeno nkukunamizira kuti ndi anthu osakondweretsa omwe ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi zoletsedwa zachuma ndi zoopsa za usilikali. Momwemonso amawonetsera ndondomeko ya America yakulimbana ndi chigawenga cha mayiko. Ngakhale kuti uchigawenga ukufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuwukira kwathu kwathandiza kwambiri pokhapokha kuwonjezera nyonga zake ndi nambala, njira yathu yolimbana nayo imakhalabe yopanda ntchito komanso yopanda nkhondo. Kulingalira kumasonyeza kuti njira yowonjezera yaumulungu, poona dziko lapansi kuchokera ku mbali ina komanso yathu, ingakhale yopambana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake chikusonyeza kuti uchigawenga wokhazikika umangowonjezereka bwino ndi chuma chachuma cha dziko lonse chomwe chimapangitsa mwayi wopita patsogolo komanso ntchito yowoneka bwino kwambiri kwa anyamata omwe akufunafuna malo mdziko kusiyana ndi kulingalira za kuphedwa ndi imfa.
Chigwirizano chadziko lonse chothetsera mikangano yapadziko lonse mwamtendere chitha kupanganso mfundo zatsopano zoyendetsera ubale ndi Wina mmbali iliyonse ya anthu aku America. Makhalidwe monga ulemu, kumvera ena chisoni, kunyengerera, ndi kuthandizana zitha kukhala "zachilendo" pamakhalidwe athu kwa ena zomwe zitha kuthandiza kumasula dzikolo ku kuwonongeka kwamakhalidwe komwe ulamuliro wapano wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ukutitsogolera kale. Mwachitsanzo, mu ndale zathu zadziko, Congress itha kuyamba kudzudzula olanda alendo ochokera kumakampani opanga mafuta omwe akupitilizabe kuyesetsa kuthana ndi ziwopsezo za kutentha kwa dziko ndi kuwombera anthu ambiri. M'magulu azachuma, titha kuwona kufunitsitsa kwa Peresenti Mmodzi kulipira misonkho yayikulu yofunikira kuti tithandizire ndalama zothandizira mabungwe omwe angathandize kutsimikizira kuti moyo wabwino kwa aliyense wazaka makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi - anthu wamba omwe amapanga ndi sungani maziko ofunikira a Chuma Chimodzi. M'magawo athu, titha kuyembekezera ubale wabwino pakati pa apolisi ndi anthu ammudzi, mabungwe ndi chilengedwe. Ndipo pamlingo waumwini, titha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chowona abambo akutenga malingaliro owasamalira amayi.
Lingaliro lachifundo kwambiri lochokera pakutha kwa nkhondo lingathandizenso kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe chathu cha ogula, chomwe tsopano ndi chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino chazopembedzedwa zodziwika bwino zodziwika bwino. Pakadali pano, chikhalidwe chathu chadzazidwa ndi kudzikonda komanso kudzipatula kwa ena, kusatetezeka kwamaganizidwe, kutsatira magulu, malingaliro "opambana ndichinthu chonse", kuchepa kwachangu podzikulitsa, komanso kuchitira nkhanza anthu ambiri. Mavuto onsewa atha kulimbikitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chatsopano chomwe chimatilimbikitsa kuti timvetsetse ndikulemekeza zosowa za anthu ena, kuyanjanitsa zosowa zawo ndi zathu, ndipo, pakufunika, kuwathandiza mwakuthupi.
Ngati tingapambane pakuthana ndi nkhondo, tiwonetsa m'njira yotsimikizika kwambiri kuti anthu atha kusankha mwaufulu kuti azilimbikitsidwa ndi Angelo Abwino omwe - pamodzi ndi mithunzi yobwezeretsa- kudziwitsa chikhalidwe chawo.
Nkhondo Sili Nkhondo Yachilengedwe Ndiponso Sichithawirika
Pali zifukwa ziŵiri zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kuti nkhondoyi yatha. Yoyamba ndi yakuti anthu amatsogoleredwa ndi chibadwa chachilengedwe kuti apange nkhondo. Kaya kupanga nkhondo ndi koopsa kapena kotetezeka, izo zidzasankhidwa mopanda kukayikira pamene atsogoleri omwe akuwudziwitsa akukhulupirira kuti ndi opindulitsa kapena oyenerera kuti athandize anthu ammudzi. Mfundo yachiwiri ndi yakuti, kaya chigamulo cholimbana ndi nkhondo chimachokera ku chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena ayi, chikhalidwe chovomerezeka padziko lonse cha ulamuliro wa dziko chimaika malo otsika kwambiri kuti ufulu wa amitundu ukamenye nkhondo pamene iwo akunena kuti ali mudziko lawo lofunika kwambiri chidwi.
M'buku lake Sipadzakhalanso nkhondo, Mlandu Wothetseratu (2013), David Swanson akupereka zifukwa ziwiri zomwe amakhulupirira kuti zotsutsanazi ndizolakwika ndipo njira yankhondo silingakhale yolungamitsidwa. Choyamba, akutsutsa kuti kupanga nkhondo si chibadwa chaumunthu, koma lingaliro lomwe limalandiridwa mgulu pomwe limathandizidwa ndi atsogoleri odziwika ngati njira yothetsera mikangano yazipembedzo kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi makamaka munthawi yazikhalidwe. Zomwe zikugwirizana ndikuti, m'malo ena munthawi yomweyo chikhalidwe, lingaliro lopita kunkhondo lingakanidwe. Monga lingaliro lina lirilonse, Swanson akuti, lingaliro lankhondo likumafalikira mwachikhalidwe kudera lililonse ladziko. Koma, chifukwa chopanga nkhondo is lingaliro, lidzakhalapo malinga ngati anthu alola kuti likhalepo.
Chifukwa chachiwiri chimene Swanson amapereka pofuna kukana nkhondo ndikuti mikangano yapadziko lonse ikhoza kuthetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana popanda izo. M'buku loyambirira, Nkhondo Ndi Bodza (2010), adalemba kuti: "Mtundu uliwonse umene umasankha kumenya nkhondo anafuna kuti amenyane ndi nkhondo, ndipo anali mwiniwake [chotero] kosatheka kuti mtundu wina uyankhule kwa .... Fufuzani nkhondo iliyonse yomwe mumakonda, ndipo zikanakhala kuti ngati okakamizidwawo akufuna kufotokoza zilakolako zawo poyera, akanatha kukambirana m'malo molimbana ndi nkhondo. M'malo mwake, ankafuna nkhondo ya nkhondo chifukwa cha iwo okha, kapena nkhondo chifukwa cha zifukwa zosadziwika kuti palibe mtundu wina umene ungavomereze kuvomereza. " Tsopano ndazindikira mfundo izi m'mawu anga omwe amakhala ngati lingaliro langa lotsutsa nkhondo. Mawu ndi awa: Palibe dziko lomwe liri ndi ufulu kuyambitsa nkhondo pa chifukwa chirichonse, ngakhale chifukwa chokhazikitsa 'zoteteza'. Sangathe kunena kuti palibe chosankha china, chifukwa choti nthawi zonse sichiyenera kuchita zimenezi, m'malo mofuna kukambirana momveka bwino zomwe zingatheke kuti tipewe kutsogolo, kapena kuti tsogolo lathu. Ziribe kanthu kuti chiyanjano chimafunika bwanji, kudziletsa koteroko sikudzakhala koipa kwambiri, poyesedwa kupha, kuzunzika, chisokonezo, chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe chifukwa cha nkhondo, kusiyana ndi zopindulitsa zilizonse zomwe zingapindule popambana nkhondo.
Ndikufuna, komabe ndikuwonjezera ziyeneretso pa malo awa omwe Swanson alibe: Mpaka nkhondo itakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, ndipo zida zankhondo zonse za nyukiliya ndi zachikhalire zimathetsedwa, zimamveka kuti mayiko odzilamulira ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zokwanira, koma amayesa, njira zankhondo kutetezera dziko lawo ndi (nthawi zina) madera Kuchokera kumbuyo, kapena kugwira ntchito, zida zankhondo zomwezo sizitetezedwa ndi asilikali. Palipanso pali mgwirizanowu umene ungathetsere nkhondo, kuthetsa nkhondo ku United States ndi mayiko ena kuti ateteze mgwirizano wawo mofananamo.
Nditatsimikizira kuti ndagwiritsa ntchito zida zotani ndisanathetsedwe, ndinasokonezedwa ndi funso lina: Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chingapangitse boma lililonse-makamaka boma la Superpower America-lololera kuvomerezana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ulamuliro wake ufulu wokonzekera nkhondo? Kuti tichite zimenezi, sizingangowononga chizoloŵezi chake chokhalitsa chofuna kumenya nkhondo, koma chiopseza mbali ina yamalonda apadziko lonse mtsogolo mwa kukonza mtumiki aliyense kumangokhalira kutsutsana m'malo mwa mantha. Kenaka ndinakumbukira mfundo yomwe inakambidwa ndi ovomerezeka a Civil Rights mu 1960s kuti ndaganizira. Gulu la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, otsutsa adati, sangasinthe mitima ndi malingaliro, koma nditero kubweretsa malamulo kufunafuna khalidwe lolunjika kwa anthu osiyana ndi inu kuti mudzamvere panthawi ya chilango.
Malamulo kuwerenga, ndinaganiza. Amathetsa ukapolo, kugwira ntchito kwa ana, kubwezeretsedwa kwa akazi, kuletsa ukwati wa amuna okhaokha, kuletsa kugonana kwa ankhondo, ogwirizanitsa, ndi zina zambiri zotsutsana ndi ufulu ndi chiyanjano. Ndithudi, lamulo losonyeza kuopsa kwa nkhondo liyeneranso kulemekezedwa. Ndinazindikira kuti atsogoleri a mayiko omwe amavomereza mgwirizano wapadziko lonse kuti athetse nkhondo sangayembekezere kusintha zinthu zawo patsogolo usiku chifukwa chofuna zofuna za dziko lawo kuti aziganizira za kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa anansi awo. Koma iwo zikanakhala mokakamizidwa ndi lamulo kuti asiye kupha anthu omwe amawayimira. Chifukwa chofunikira kwa lamuloli - osati kungoletsa mwamakhalidwe -, ndidamaliza, tiyenera kugwira ntchito yothetsa nkhondo ngati nkhani yodziyimira payokha. Nkhani zina za mphamvu yokoka, makamaka kutentha kwa dziko, ziyenera kukankhidwanso. Koma sitingathe kudikirira kuti tikwaniritse kusintha kwamakhalidwe onse pamagwirizano amunthu ndi anthu anzawo ndi chilengedwe tisanayesere kuthetsa nkhondo - chiwonetsero chowopsa kwambiri komanso chowonekera bwino cha matenda amunthu.
Kupewerana Kwachiwawa kwapachibale monga njira yothetsera nkhondo ndi nkhondo ya deter
Kwa anthu a ku America omwe akuthandizira cholinga chawo chothetsa nkhondo, kuthetsa nkhondo zonse, ndiye kuti panthawiyi kulimbikitsa boma lawo lokhazikika, kuthamanga, ndi kukonzekera nkhondo. Ndondomeko ya zigawenga za zida zankhondo ndizosafunikira, chifukwa chiwawa ndi khalidwe lomwe anti-nkhondo likuyesa kuthetseratu, ndipo chifukwa chakuti mphamvu yapamwamba ya boma ndi asilikali apolisi imapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda phindu. Zomwe zingakhale zogwira mtima, komabe, monga zinalili poyesa kutha kwa nkhondo ya Vietnam, ndi kusagwirizana ndi anthu.
Tsopano tikudziŵa kuchokera ku mbiri yakale kuti, makamaka ngati mayiko ang'onoang'ono akulamulidwa ndi mphamvu zofooka, zowonongeka, kapena zovomerezeka, zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zakhala zothandiza kwambiri pokwaniritsa kusintha kosatha kwa ndale ndi zachikhalidwe. Mfundo zotsatirazi zithandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake. Amasankhidwa mwachindunji kuwonetsera kwa TED TALKS ndi Erica Chenoweth, Ph.D., Pulofesa ndi Wothandizira Wophunzira pa Research pa Josef Korbel School of International Studies ku University of Denver.
- "Kusagwirizana ndi nkhanza zapachiweniweni" kumatanthauzidwa kuti ndikutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu osauka omwe sali olumala pazochitika zotsutsana-zotsutsana, ziwonetsero, ziwonetsero, ndi mitundu ina yosalumikizana-cholinga chofuna kusintha kusintha kwa utsogoleri, khalidwe kapena ndondomeko za ulamuliro wosayeruzika kapena wopondereza. Njirayi yakhala ikuthandiza kale poletsa otsutsa monga Ferdinand Marcos ku Philippines ku 1986, ndi Slobodan Milosevic ku Serbia mu Oct., 2000.
- Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti nkhanza zomwe zikukumana ndi kuponderezana zimachitika modzidzimutsa, chifukwa pafupifupi aliyense amaona kuti chiwawa ndi njira yokhayo yothetsera kuponderezedwa. Koma chikhulupiriro chimenecho ndi chonyenga. Mu colonial America, padali zaka khumi zokha za kusamvera kwa anthu asanayambe nkhondo ya Revolutionary. Zomwe amaphunzitsa kusukulu ziyenera kuphatikizapo zitsanzo za mphamvu zosagwirizana ndi anthu, osati kulepheretsa zokambirana zawo kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha komwe kunabweretsa nkhondo..
Kusagwirizana ndi zachiwawa kungachititse kuti pakhale ndondomeko yolimbikitsira zida za nyukiliya, kuchepetsa zida zankhondo, ndi kutsekedwa kwa zida zankhondo kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi-zomwe zonsezi zidzakhazikitseni maziko olimba omwe adzakhazikitsire ntchito yomaliza kuthetsa nkhondo. Mfundo ziŵiri zotsatirazi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake njira zotsutsa zotsutsana ndi ndondomeko zopanda chiwawa zikhoza kukhala zothandiza pakukakamiza kusintha kwa ndondomeko ya boma:
- Kukula kosagwirizana ndi chiwawa kumakula, kumangopitilira kukula. Pakapita nthawi, iyambanso kukopa atsogoleri andale, azikhalidwe, komanso atsogoleri azipembedzo, omwe amazindikira kuti ndi gawo la, ndipo ayenera kukhala nawo, anthu onse mdera lawo - kuphatikiza osagwirizana m'mabanja mwawo. Pomwe gulu lotsutsa likupitilira kukula, atsogoleriwa ayamba kusintha kukhulupirika kwawo kuchokera ku mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale kupita kudera lonselo, kuphatikiza mabungwe - masukulu, matchalitchi, mabungwe, ndi zina zambiri - mamembala ake.
- Ziŵerengero zaposachedwapa zikusonyeza kuti palibe boma kapena ndondomeko ya boma akhoza kupulumuka ngati 3.5% chabe ya anthu omwe ali ndi ulamuliro akuwonetsa kapena kutenga zovuta zotsutsana nazo.
Kutengera umboni woperekedwa mu TED TALK, komanso pazidziwitso zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ku World Beyond War Kalasi yapaintaneti yomwe ndalankhula, nditha kupereka chithunzi chowoneka bwino kwambiri chomwe chikuwonetsa momwe kampeni yolimbana ndi anthu osachita zachiwawa ingakonzekeredwe bwino kuti iteteze kuukira kochokera ku US ku North Korea kapena Iran:
Pofuna kuti zinthu zichitike, gulu lalikulu la otsutsa-nkhondo, mtendere, zachilengedwe, ndi magulu okhudzana ndi zigawenga zoyenera kutsogolera poyamba ayenera kukonza zochitika ndi mgwirizano wogwirizana nawo m'dziko lonselo. Iwo amatha kuyambitsa pulogalamu yayikulu kudzera pa foni, imelo, ndi makanema othandizira kuti alandire othandizira ena. Pakati pa iwo, oyankhula odziwitsidwa adzapatsidwa misonkhano, misonkhano ya tauni, ndi mauthenga omwe angapezeke kuti afotokozere chifukwa chake nkhondo yomwe ikuyandikira iyenera kupeŵedwa ndi kulimbikitsa mmalo mwa chiyanjano chamtendere. Otsatira ena onse adzalimbikitsidwa kuti akalimbikitse uthenga wa No-War pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni ndi maimelo ku White House ndi Congress, kutumizira mauthenga pa zamalonda, ndi makalata opita ku ofalitsa ndi amagazini. Ntchito imeneyi idzagwiriziridwa ndi anthu omwe akukhala nawo komanso njira zina zosokoneza zachiwawa kuti athe kufotokozera kufunika kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Monga momwe taonera kuchokera ku mfundo zomwe zapangidwa mu TED TALK, kulimbikitsa kwachangu gulu lopanda chisokonezo cha anthu lokhazikika lingasinthe kagulu ka mphamvu pakati pa anthu kuchokera pagalimoto kuti agwirizane ndi anthu omwe ali opambana ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chifuniro cha anthu. Izi zikusonyezeranso kuti, ngakhale mu mtundu waukulu ngati United States, anthu ochepa a ku America (ngakhale kuti, oposa mamiliyoni khumi mu chiwerengero), akulimbikirabe kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi yogwira ntchito koma Mitundu yamtendere ya mkangano, ingathe kukakamiza boma lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi kuti lisalolere kukhazikitsa nkhondo yosalungama pofuna kutsutsana ndi mdani wake kuthetsa kusiyana kwake.
Nkhondo Sitidzabweretse Mtendere, koma Mwinamwake Chisomo cha Munthu Chikhoza
Chifukwa cha zochitika za m'zaka zamakono zamakono, nkhondo sizingatheke kulowa mwa mphamvu yaikulu iliyonse chifukwa chake chiyenera kulalikidwa poyera: ndikofunikira ngati njira yomaliza kuteteza zofunikira za dzikoli. Kwa a US, makamaka nkhondo, m'malo mwake ndi mapeto a malo ogulitsira mphamvu omwe cholinga chake ndikuteteza ndi kukulitsa chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chitetezo cha dziko lonse lapansi.
Kuti akwaniritse cholinga chimenecho, America chaka chilichonse amagwiritsa ntchito zankhondo kuposa momwe mayiko asanu ndi atatu otsatirawa amasonkhana. Ikuthandizanso kukhazikitsa zida zankhondo m'mayiko a 175; Machitidwe owonetsa zida zankhondo angakhale pafupi ndi mayiko okondana; nthawi zonse amadana ndi atsogoleri osakhala achikondi kapena osowa mtendere; Kulimbana ndi zida zankhondo zatsopano zatsopano; kusunga gulu lankhondo la nkhondo nthawi zonse kufunafuna ntchito zatsopano za zida zimenezo; ndipo amapanga mabiliyoni ndi mabiliyoni a madola monga momwe amachitira msika wamalonda wotsogolera mdziko. Mayiko a US tsopano akuchitanso ndalama zambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti polojekitiyi idzalimbikitsanso mayiko ena kukhazikitsa zida zawo za nyukiliya koma alibe zifukwa zotsutsana ndi magulu a magulu omwe si a boma omwe akuimira nkhondo yeniyeni yokha ya nkhondo ku America.
Kuchita zinthu zonsezi kukonzekera nkhondo mosakayikira kumathandiza kuthetsa mpikisano waukulu ngati boma, kapena adani, monga China kapena Russia - ngakhale, monga David Swanson wanenera, nkhondo pakati wachuma mayiko, opatsidwa zida zawo, sangathe kuzidziwa lero. Nkhondo tsopano ikugwiridwa ndi mayiko olemera-makamaka a US-omwe amatsutsana ndi mafuko osauka ku Middle East ndi North Africa, ngakhale kuti sichithandiza pang'ono kulimbana ndi chigawenga chomwe, nthawi zambiri, chimapereka zifukwa za nkhondo zoterozo.
M'masewera omwe asilikali a US tsopano akumenyana nawo, kulakwa kwakukulu sikukutanthauza kuti chitetezo chabwino. M'malo mwake, zimapangitsa kuti azisungira chakukhosi, kuzunzika, ndi chidani, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zowatenga ndikuwongolera ndi kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha amantha ku America ndi ogwirizana nawo padziko lonse lapansi. Chochititsa chidwi, kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwa drones ku US ndiko kukwiyitsa kwakukulu kwa chidani. Chiwonetserochi cha zipangizo zamakono zamakono za America, zomwe zimalola ogwira ntchitowo kupha mwadzidzidzi popanda chowopsa kwa iwo okha, amachititsa nkhondo yopanga nkhondo iliyonse ya nkhondo yamphamvu. Kuwonjezera apo, mvula yowonongeka pamagulu a zigawenga, komanso atsogoleri awo, komanso kupha anthu osalakwa omwe sungapezeke, ayenera kuoneka ngati opulumuka ku ziwawa zomwe zimachititsa kuti anthu asamalemekeze anzawo komanso ulemu wawo.
David Swanson wanena kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera uchigawenga. Amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa "Marshall Plan" ya US ku Middle East yonse yomwe idzabwezeretsa chiwonongeko chomwe chachitika m'deralo mu nkhondo za ku America. Pansi pa ndondomekoyi, a US akanatero Perekani kwenikweni chithandizo (ie osati "thandizo la asilikali," koma leni thandizo: chakudya, mankhwala, ndi zina zotero) ku Iraq, Syria, ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Swanson amakhulupirira kuti chithandizo choterechi chikhoza kutsogolera zigawo za anthu omwe pakali pano akuthandiza magaidi kuti abwererenso tsogolo lawo lomwe akufuna iwo okha ndi ana awo, ndipo kuti likhoza kukhazikitsidwa mochulukirapo mopanda mtengo kuposa kupitiriza kuwombera $ 2 -milili milioni pa vutoli. Swanson akulimbikitsanso kuti US adzalengeze cholinga chake chodzagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri dzuwa, mphepo, ndi mphamvu zina zobiriwira, ndikupereka chuma chawo ku maboma a demokalase m'deralo. Iye akuwonetsanso kuti US akuyenera kuthetsa chilango cha zachuma ku Iran ndikupereka dziko laulere ndi mpweya wa dzuwa.
Maganizo Ena Ogwira Mtima
Kwa malingaliro anga, nkhondo ndi yachiwerewere pa mizu yake, chifukwa imaphwanya mfundo yomwe imatanthauza kukhala munthu. Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za nkhondo zingakhale ndi zotsatira zochepa m'mbiri ya anthu, nkhondo yokha sikuti ikupita patsogolo, koma mphamvu, yogwira ntchito, makamaka pofuna kulimbikitsa munthu kulingalira katswiri wa zamaganizo wotchuka Abrahamu Maslow wotchedwa " psychopathology wa chiwerengero. "Kuwonetsera kwakukulu kwa matenda amenewo ndiko kusowa kwa chifundo-kusakhoza kuwona dziko kuchokera kwa munthu wina kapena kumayenda mailosi kumalo ake.
Vutoli limakhudzidwa ndi zikhulupiriro zonse zazikuluzikulu padziko lapansi - komanso nthawi zambiri, za anthu akudziko omwe agwidwa ndi chidziwitso chauzimu. Komabe, kusamvera ena chisoni ndikofunikira pankhondo. Zimathandizanso omwe amakonza zandale komanso ankhondo kuti azitsata mphamvu zawo patokha komanso mdziko lawo, osamvera chilichonse chomwe chikuyambitsa mdani wawo, kapena kuphedwa, mavuto ndi kuwonongeka komwe angachitire anthu anzawo. Nthawi yomweyo, ng'oma ya mawu abodza amtundu wa chikhalidwe cha mayiko achiwawa imavomereza kusakhulupirika kwa umunthu ndi kulingalira, kupititsa patsogolo psychopathology yomwe ikuyimira.
Ngati anthu ati akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino zakukula kwawo kwachilengedwe - komwe tsopano kuli kwachikhalidwe, osati kwachilengedwe - akuyenera kumanga ndikusintha matendawa. Chifukwa chapafupi chochitira izi ndichodzitchinjiriza. Pokhapokha titaphunzira kusamutsa mikangano ndi adani kukhala madera omwe akukambirana omwe amalemekeza zosowa za mbali zonse ziwiri, zikuwoneka kuti nthawi ina wotsutsana naye kapena wina azigwiritsa ntchito zida zanyukiliya kapena zankhanza zomwe zingawononge mtundu.
Komabe, kuthetsa mliri wa nkhondo kungathe kutha kumapeto kofunika kwambiri. Kwa anthu odzidziwa okha, moyo wopanda nkhondo yomwe imakhalabe ndi vuto la psychopathologies la egoism, kutsutsana kosalekeza, ndi kusowa tanthawuzo ndi cholinga chiri mmaganizo anga mochuluka kuposa momwe palibe moyo nkomwe. Kuwona kuchokera ku lingaliro limenelo, mgwirizano womveka mwalamulo wothetseratu nkhondo idzagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri monga chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa makhalidwe m'mbiri ya anthu. Zingasonyeze kwa anthu onse kuti kulemekeza ndi kuchitira ena chifundo, ndi kufunitsitsa kuyanjanitsa zosowa zawo ndizokha, zimakhala maziko abwino kwambiri pa kuthetsa kusiyana ndi kupeza mgwirizano wothandiza. Ngati njira yolankhula ndi anthu ena pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro amenewa inalandiridwa, idzakhazikitsa khalidwe latsopano la umunthu lomwe lingalimbikitse zochitika zaumunthu zomwe tavomereza ngati zachilendo ndizinthu zowonongeka, tanthauzo, ndi chisangalalo.
